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meaning. Indirect sound imitation is a reproduction of any sound in nature by means of combination of different sounds in different words [3].
Thus, indirect sound imitation is a special form of alliteration: sounds repeated in different words create an objectively existing sound, causing association with the manufacturer (source) of the sound in the individual perception of the author. For example, in the motor line of the patrol cursor, repeating the sound [p] in different words of this line creates the impression of a knock of the motor. In line: And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain... (E.A. Poe), the alliteration of the sound [s] to some extent (in the individual perception of the poet) reproduces the rustling of a curtain driven by the wind.
References / Список литературы
1. Akramova N.M., Dekhkonboy Nabirasi O. Phraseological euphemisms in modern English // Problemy Nauki, 2019. № 12-2 (145). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/phraseological-euphemisms-in-modern-english/viewer/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
2. Усмонова Д.С. Роль и особенность соматических фразеологизмов различных языков. // "Mirovaya nauka". № 9 (30), 2019. [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://science-j.com/domains_data/files/30/Usmonova3.pdf/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
3. Arnold I. V. Stylistics. The modern English language. M. Flinta: Nauka, 2002. P. 384.
CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS OF SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION Usmonova D.S.1, Orunbаeva U.Sh.2 Email: [email protected]
1 Usmonova Dona Satvoldievna - Head of Department,
ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT; 2Orunbaeva Uminiso Sharabidinovna — Undergraduate, DIRECTION: LINGUISTICS (ENGLISH LANGUAGE), FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY, FERGHANA STATE UNIVERSITY, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article highlights conceptual problems of simultaneous nterpretation. The authors of the article consider that working in the simultaneous interpreting mode requires a certain endurance and appropriate training that can develop the translator's verbal reactivity. Further, the description of types of simultaneous interpreting is described, several types of simultaneous interpreting are presented, and tips for simultaneous interpreters are given. The problem of training interpreters, and synchronous interpreters in particular, is one of the most interesting and less developed problems in Uzbekistan.
Keywords: translation, simultaneous, problem, interpretation, training, speech, interpreter, advice, selection, words, reactivity, conference, endurance.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СИНХРОННОГО ПЕРЕВОДА Усмонова Д.С.1, Орунбаева У.Ш.2
1Усмонова Дона Сатволдиевна - заведующая кафедрой, кафедра английского языка; 2Орунбаева Уминисо Шарабидиновна — магистрант, направление: лингвистика (английский язык),
факультет иностранных языков, Ферганский государственный университет, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает концептуальные проблемы синхронного перевода. Авторы статьи считают, для работы в режиме синхронного перевода требуется известная выносливость и соответствующая подготовка, способная выработать речевую реактивность у переводчика. Далее раскрывается описание видов синхронного перевода, представляются несколько его разновидностей, даются советы переводчикам-синхронистам.
Проблема обучения устному, а в частности синхронному переводу, является одной из наиболее интересных и менее разработанных проблем в Узбекистане.
Ключевые слова: перевод, синхронный, проблема, устный, обучение, речевой, переводчик, совет, подбор, слова, реактивность, конференция, выносливость.
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In modem conditions, translation activity is connected with the semantic processing of information, the value of which is determined by socio-economic and legal categories, and interpreters are considered as subjects ensuring national security in the information sphere. Training of highly qualified interpreters who successfully solve professional tasks becomes one of the priority strategies of the state in the development of modern linguistic education. Inter-linguistic and intercultural communication especially requires the ability of interpreters to convey the meaning of a foreign-language original message quickly, fully and accurately, which determines the importance of a solid theoretical and methodological foundation and the search for adequate technological solutions to ensure and evaluate the quality of teaching interpreting [3].
Like any other type of professional activity, translation activity has an extensive taxonomy of specializations: translator-editor, interpreter-synchronist, court interpreter and others, which are grouped around two main types of translation - interpretation and translation. There are several types of translations. First of all, of course, translation can be oral and written. Interpretation, in turn, is divided into simultaneous and consecutive. Simultaneous interpretation involves the transmission of the meaning of a statement by means of another language at the same time as the speaker's statement. This type of interpretation is used at conferences, major symposiums, summits, where representatives of different countries participate and do not always speak international languages at the proper level. It is probably the most complex type of translation, requiring the utmost concentration of attention and speed of reaction. After all, a simultaneous interpreter does not have enough time to select the right words and build an imputed statement. An interpreter has to pronounce the translation at the same time as the speaker, who, by the way, can not always boast of oratorical art. It is surprising, however, to what extent participants in international meetings and contacts themselves misunderstand or greatly underestimate the work of those who give them the opportunity not only to communicate and get to know each other, but also to develop and sign documents and agreements [1].
There is another type of interpreting activity - consecutive interpreting, when a specialist recreates the speaker's statement in the interpreter's language at the moment of pause. This means that the interpreter first listens and analyzes, and then pronounces the translated and adapted text. And with simultaneous translation, the interpreter recreates the speaker's statement at the same time as the interpreter. This type of translation is used when accompanying forums, conferences and other major events, when it is necessary to ensure mutual understanding of hundreds of present people.
The simultaneous interpreter does not wait for a pause, but translates the speaker continuously. In a few seconds he has to convey not only the meaning of words, but also the tone, nuances and intonation of the person standing on the podium. Simultaneous interpreter must learn simultaneously, focus on the speaker's speech and listen to his own translation. If he doesn't have a lot of time, it's best to give priority to his own names, numbers, abbreviations, technical vocabulary and syntactic difficulties. The most time in such a hurry should be given to the beginning and end of the text, as errors here are most memorable to listeners. Perhaps the most difficult role falls to the synchronist when he has to deal with undefined and super-fast sources of the language being translated. This includes, in particular, video films and slide commentaries, which are increasingly used today as visual aids at international conferences.
The ability to be always in shape, in the immediate reaction to each phrase translated, in the simultaneous juggling of concepts and thoughts is the essence of the work of simultaneous interpreters. As one professional in the field wrote, "There is no room among interpreters for the slow-minded or the 'verbally stupid'". Psychologically speaking, the conditions of a synchronises work are very difficult. The interpreter is not visible, is anonymous, and is therefore naturally seen as part of the conference equipment or service. In English, conference facilities, communication aids as well as electronic communications most often involve conference servicing, which includes not only the room and equipment, but also interpreters. Another psychological press has an impact on the interpreter because in his or her field of activity, everyone is only rewarded for mistakes. An interpreter is noticed not when he works brilliantly, but when he is bad. They say that translating means first and foremost to understand. And to understand and translate, one mind is not enough - you also need talent, knowledge, and special training. So, simultaneous interpretation is largely possible due to what is called probabilistic forecasting, which is the basis of many human activities. In order to make
simultaneous interpretation as likely as possible, it is necessary first of all to have a good idea of the topic (subject) being discussed at this conference, seminar or round table [2].
The interpreter has to react instantly every second to the words he or she perceives, or more precisely, to the phrases. That's why simultaneous interpreting scares away slow people, although they have an excellent command of a foreign language. A good knowledge of two or more languages is not a prerequisite for a successful simultaneous interpreter. Rather, it has an essential stock of equivalent pairs of lexical units connected by a sign connection, which allows translating not through analysis and synthesis, but in terms of the "stimulus reaction" model, i.e. not through thinking, but through conditional reflexes.
Thus simultaneous interpreting requires a high level of stamina and adequate training to be able to develop the translator's speech reactivity. Simultaneous interpreting is easier and better performed when translating from one's native language to a foreign language, not vice versa, as many believe. Taking all this into account, we can state that the "choice" of a simultaneous interpreter is only in the relevant professional training, which, as you know, is necessary for any specialist.
References / Список литературы
1. Alekseeva I.S. Professional training of interpreter. Moscow, 2000. Р. 271.
2. Kazakova T.A. Practical basics of translation. Moscow, 2001. Р. 211.
3. Umaraliev Z.B., To'Ychiev I.K., Akramova N.M. Problems encountered in learning English for specific purposes // Voprosy nauki i obrazovaniya,2019. № 3 (47). [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problems-encountered-in-learning-english-for-specific-purposes/ (date of access: 11.02.2020).
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF PUNS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Usmonova D.S.1, Ruzieva Kh.B.2 Email: [email protected]
1 Usmonova Dona Satvoldievna - Head of Department,
ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT; 2Ruzieva Khayotkhon Bakhodir qizi — Undergraduate, DIRECTION: "LINGUISTICS (ENGLISHLANGUAGE)", FOREIGN LANGUAGES FACULTY, FERGHANA STATE UNIVERSITY, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article under discussion deals with the linguistic analysis of the wordplay in English. The authors of the article believe that the widespread use ofpuns (wordplay) in the English language, the agnostic attitude of many researchers to puns, which enrolled in the list of "untranslatable" phenomena, dictates the need for a more complete study of wordplay: the study of the informative structure ofpuns in close connection with their contextual characteristics and the establishment of the most adequate matches and possible ways to transfer this technique to other languages. Keywords: word play, linguistic, analysis, structure, contextual, morpheme, research, attitude, structure, compliance, use, term.
ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ИГРЫ СЛОВ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ
ЯЗЫКЕ Усмонова Д.С.1, Рузиева Х.Б.2
1Усмонова Дона Сатволдиевна - заведующая кафедрой, кафедра английского языка; 2Рузиева Хаётхон Баходир кизи — магистрант, направление: лингвистика (английский язык),
факультет иностранных языков, Ферганский государственный университет, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает вопросы лингвистического анализа игры слов на английском языке. Авторы статьи считают, что широкое использование каламбура
