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16Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
CHIZMACHILIK FANIDA TALABALARNING O'QUV FAOLIYATINI INDIVIDUALLASHTIRISH ORQALI TA'LIM SIFATINI OSHIRISH
Tashimov Nurlan Erpolatovich
Nizomiy nomidagi TDPU, kafedra mudiri, dotsent Jurayeva Sitora Parda qizi
Qarshi davlat universitetining Pedagogika instituti magistranti
Mazkur maqolada oliy ta 'lim muassasalari chizmachilik fanida talabalarning o 'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish orqali ta'lim sifatini oshirish yoritilgan.
Kalit soizlar. Chizmachilik, talabalar, individuallashtirish, ta'lim, sifat, kreditmodul, ta'lim traektoriyasi, omil.
В данной статье освещено повышение качества образования за счет индивидуализации учебной деятельности студентов высших учебных заведений в области черчения.
Ключевые слова. Черчение, студенты, индивидуализация, образование, качество, кредит-модуль, траектория обучения, фактор.
This article highlights the improvement of the quality of education due to the individualization of the educational activities of students of higher educational institutions in the field of drawing.
Keywords. Drawing, students, individualization, education, quality, credit module, learning trajectory, factor.
Kredit-modul ta'lim tizimi sharoitida talabalarning ta'lim faoliyatini individuallashtirish tizimini yaratish, birinchi navbatda, asosiy tushunchalarni aniqlashni o'z ichiga oladi. Hozirgi vaqtda kredit-modul ta'lim tizimi-talabalarning o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish, ta'lim traektoriyasini tanlab olish va kreditlar shaklida bilim hajmini hisobga olish asosida o'z-o'zini tarbiyalash va bilimlarni ijodiy o'zlashtirish darajasini oshirishni ta'minlaydigan ta'lim tizimi hisoblanadi. Tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatdiki, uning asosiy o'ziga xos xususiyatlari quyidagilardir: talabalarning mustaqil ishdagi ulushini oshirish va auditoriyada tayyorlash hajmini kamaytirish; akademik mobillik va talabaning faol ta'lim holati; o'quv dasturlarining o'zgaruvchanligi; o'quv intizomini o'quv-uslubiy ta'minlashning o'ziga xos tarkibi.
ANNOTATSIYA
AННОТAЦИЯ
ABSTRACT
KIRISH
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
OTMda kredit-modul ta'lim tizimining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini hisobga olgan holda o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish kontseptsiyasini aniqlab, biz quyidagi ta'riflarni beramiz: kredit-modul ta'lim tizimida shaxsiy o'quv rejasiga asoslanib o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish, shaxsiy ta'lim traektoriyasini qurishni o'z ichiga olgan talabaning o'quv faoliyatini tashkil etish, o'quv kreditlarini to'plash va takomillashtirish orqali shaxsiy psixologik va pedagogik xususiyatlarga individual reytingi oshishi.
Uning asosiy o'ziga xos xususiyatlariga quyidagilar kiradi: OTMda o'qish jarayonining yuqori prognostik yo'nalishi, talabaning maqbul va qulay ilmiy taraqqiyoti uchun shart-sharoitlarni ta'minlash, uning mustaqilligi va o'z-o'zini nazorat qilish, shuningdek, uning oraliq o'quv yutuqlarini vaqtinchalik va mazmunli tartibga solish.
MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR
"Omil" tushunchasini ob'ektiv ravishda mavjud bo'lgan holat sifatida belgilash, har qanday jarayon yoki hodisaning tabiatiga doimiy ta'sir ko'rsatadigan bo'lsak, biz OTMda talabaning o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirishni quyidagi shartlar asosida ta'lim sifatini oshirishning omili sifatida ko'rib chiqamiz:
1) individuallashtirish - bu ob'ektiv holat, chunki u kredit tizimining asosiy tamoyillaridan biri bo'lib, uning ishlashi uchun zarur shart;
2) shaxsiyatning o'ziga xos xususiyatlariga moslashtirilgan o'quv jarayonining qulayligi talabaning ijodiy salohiyatini to'liq ochib berishga imkon beradi;
3) o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish-uzluksiz jarayon, unga qo'shilgan ta'lim va uning mazmuni, rivojlanishi va rivojlanishiga bevosita ta'sir ko'rsatadi.
Talabalarning o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish muammosini o'rganish, har qanday tadqiqot vazifasi sifatida, ilmiy izlanishning yo'nalishini belgilaydigan va uning natijalarini aniqlaydigan nazariy va uslubiy asosni tanlashni o'z ichiga oladi. Tadqiqotimizning maqsadlariga muvofiq, bunday asos sifatida biz tizimli faoliyat va yondashuvlarini aniqladik. Ularning qo'shimcha qo'llanilishi kredit-modul tizimida o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish jarayonini tashkil etishning tizimiyligini ta'minlaydi, shuningdek, o'quv jarayonining qulayligini qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan va talabalarning to'liq o'z-o'zini anglashiga yordam beradigan sub'ektlarning o'ziga xos turini belgilaydi.
Tizimli-faoliyat yondashuvi-talabalarning o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish faoliyat kategoriyasi va tizim nuqtai nazaridan tavsiflash, tushuntirish va
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
loyihalashtirish tadqiqotning metodologik yo'nalishi o'z ichiga oladi. Uni quyidagi qoidalar asosida amalga oshiriladi:
1) OTMlarda talabaning o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish kasbiy tayyorgarlik tizimining muhim tarkibiy qismi hisoblanadi;
2) talabalarning ta'lim faoliyatini pedagogik tizim sifatida individuallashtirish tabiatda ochiq, moslashuvchanlik, dinamizm, boshqaruv, ko'p qirrali, o'zgaruvchanlik, integratsionlik, kasbiy va pedagogik yo'nalishga ega va takomillashtirish potentsialiga ega bo'lishga erishiladi;
3) kredit-modul tizimi sharoitida OTM talabalarining o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish quyidagi tizimli xususiyatlar bilan belgilanadi: uning tarkibiy qismlari diagnostika (dastlabki, oraliq, yakuniy), darajadagi guruhlar bo'yicha taqsimot, individual traektoriyalarni loyihalashtirish va pedagogik qo'llab-quvvatlash, shaxsiylashtirilgan o'quv jarayonini amalga oshirish, tuzatish; element shaxsiylashtirilgan o'quv faoliyatini amalga oshirishning pedagogik vazifasidir; tizimli omil-talabalarning o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirishni boshqarish va o'z-o'zini boshqarish; yaxlitlik dastlabki, teskari, qarshi, parallel yo'nalishdagi aloqalarning mavjudligi bilan ta'minlanadi;
4) kredit-modul tizimida ta'lim olish jarayonida talabaning o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish quyidagi faoliyat bilan tavsiflanadi: uning sub'ektlari o'qituvchi va talaba, ob'ekt-talabaning o'quv faoliyati, talabaning o'quv-uslubiy majmuasi, Syllabus, shaxsiy o'quv rejasi, elektron darslik, metodlar-munozara, rol o'ynash va didaktik o'yinlari, faol tinglash, muayyan vaziyatlar usuli, aqliy hujm, natija -talabaning shaxsiylashtirilgan ta'lim faoliyati.
Tizimli va faol yondoshuvni qo'shimcha ravishda, birinchi navbatda, OTMda o'qish jarayonining qulayligini ta'minlaydigan va talabalarning ta'lim sifatini oshirishga yordam beradigan sub'ektlarning o'zaro ta'sirining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini aniqlash zarurati bilan bog'liq bo'ladi.
Bu aytilganlardan asoslanib quyidagi masalalar: mavjud ta'lim tizimida o'quv faoliyatini individuallashtirish bo'yicha ta'limning umumiy o'rta maktab, kasb-hunar maktabi xamda Oliy ta'lim muassasasida uzluksizligini ta'minlash, yuzakilashgan qismlarini didaktik printsiplarga bo'ysundirish, talabalarda fazoviy tasavvurni va konstruktorlik tafakkurni shakllantirish, talabalarning bilish faolligini orttirish shu kunning dolzarb masalalari deyish mumkin.
XULOSA
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 4/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
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