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31"АВЕСТО"ДА ЭЗГУЛИК МАСАЛАСИ
Б. Сапаров А. Сапаров
Чирчик ОТ^МБЮ Гуманитар фанлар Тошкент давлат аграр университети 2-кафедраси доценти, ф.д(PhD) боскич талабаси
АННОТАЦИЯ
Маколада бунёдкорлик ва эзгу ишларни амалга ошириш кадимдан одамзотнинг максади, орзуснлиги масаласига эътибор берилган. ^адимий маънавий меросимиз "Авесто"нинг бош гояси хам эзгуликка каратилган. Факат эзгу фикр, эзгу суз, эзгу амал бирлиги асосидагина тинчлик, баркарорликни таъминлаш мумкинлиги тугрисида фикр билдирилган.
Калит сузлар: Зардуштийлик, Авесто, эзгулик, бунёдкорлик, Ахура Мазда, Митра, Гохлар, Ясна, Вандидод
INTERPRETATION OF KINDNESS IN "AVESTA"
ABSTRACT
Analysis of unity of good thought, good word and good deed glorified by our ancestors in ancient spiritual heritage "Avesta"is given in the article. The special attention directed to problems of kindness in '"Avesta", these immortal ideas have even nowadays a bid impor tance at ensuring the stability in our society.
Keywords: Zoroastrianism, Avesto, kindness, creativity, Ahura Mazda, Mitra, Gohlar, Yasna, Vandidod
КИРИШ
Эзгулик азалдан одамзотнинг асл максади, соф орзу-истаги, хайрли, савобли, умуман яхши ишларига айтилиб, инсонлар доимо унга интилади. Эзгу ишлардан одамнинг дили яйраб, яшашга иштиёки ортади. "Авесто"1 да ана шу инсоний фазилат эъзозланиб, улугланган.
АСОСИЙ КИСМ
"Эзгу уй, эзгу суз ва савоб ишлар билан дейилган "\"Авесто"да - эзгу уй, эзгу суз ва савоб ишни алкайман. Узимни бари эзгу уйларга , эзгу сузларга, эзгу сузларга(айтиш)га яхши ишлар амалига бахшида киламан. Барча ёмон уйлардан,
1 Авесто тугрисидаги маълумотлар. "Авесто". Тарихий-адабий ёдгорлик. Аскар Махкам таржимаси, Т., "Шарк".2001, китобидан олинди.
eMOH cy3y, eMOH aMaggapgaH M3 yrnpaMaH" geraH xuKMargu cy3gap Sy^Hra KyHga MugguH y3HHKHH aHraamga KaTTa TapSuaBuH axaMuaTra MoguK. .
Pecny6nHKaMH3HHHr EupuHnu npe3HgeHTH H.A.KapuMoB 'TOKcaKMatHaBuaT - eHragMac Kyn", -homhh KHTo6uga e3raHHgeK,-"ABecTo"HHHr Ty6 MatHo- moxh^thhh SegragaS Sepag^aH "33iy $uKp, эзгy cy3, эзгy aMag " TaMOHunHH ogaguraH SygcaK, yHga xo3upru 3aMOH ynyH x,aM Sex,ag uSpaTgu 6ynraH caSoKgap 6opnurHHH Kypum MyMKHH. AHa myHgan ^uKpgap , atHu, эзгy HuaT, cy3 Ba urn SupnuruHH ^aMuaT xaeTHHHHr ycTyBop roacu cu^araga t&^khh этнm 6u3HHHr 6yryHru MatHaBHH ugeaggapuMro SugaH HaKagap y3BuH SorguK, HenorguK MycTaxKaM xaeTuH acocra эгa
"5
экaнн aHHuKca эtтнSopgнgнp" .
^apxaKuKaT, SopnuKHuHr axnuTnuru Ba Sup SyryHnuru , uhcoh xaeTuHuHr TaSuar SugaH yHFyHnuru ogaMHuHr pyxuft ogaMu SugaH naMSapnac SornuKguru KaSu Macagagap Sapna gaBpgapga uHcoHgap xaeTuHuHr Ma3MyHuHu TamKug этнS KegraH. ffly caSaSgu uHcoHgap Sup- Supgapura axmuguK Kugumra ypuHuS KegraHgap.
Зapgymтннgнк guHuHuHr acocnucu 3apgymT uHcoHgapHuHr SyryHru gyHegaru xaeTura apama Hapuru gyHegaru TaKgupu x,ag Syga^aru тyFpнcнgaгн TatguMoTHu W3ara KegTupraH. ^yMgagaH, aKageMuK C.O. OgtgeHSypr Tyrpu e3raHugeK, "3opoacTpu3M uhcohhuot ep W3ugaru xaeraHu eHruggamTupumra, yHu SaxTuep Kugumra KaparugraH энг oKugoHa guH"4gup.
3apgymTuHgap y3 aMagun ^aoguaTgapuga $aKar эзгy umgapHu Kugumra, y3gapugaH axmu hom Koggupumra ypuHraHgap. Ygap Sexyga koh TyKyBnu KypSoHguKgap, xapSun TyKHamyBgap, SocKuHnuguK xy^yMgapuHu KopagaS, oconumTa x,aeT Kenupumra, x,agog Mexpar Kugumra xapaKar KugraHgap. YMyMaH, Moggun xaeTHu axmugamra ypuHum eBy3guKKa Kapmu Kypam geS SaxpgaHuS, xanpgu um Typgu guHun aKugagapra MyrgaK aMag KugumgaH ycTyH KyfiugraH. EyHegKop, aparyBnu uhcoh ugox, pa^Marum ynpangu genugraH Ba uHcoHra x,aeT SepraH oHa TaSuar MyKaggac TyragraH.
"ABecTo"ga axgoKufi Metepgap , KagpuaTgapHu u^ogagamga эзгygнк Ba eBy3guK Ky^gapu ypTacuga gouMun KapaMa- Kapmu Kypam мaв^yggнгннн TatKuggangu. 3згygнк uSTugocu, acocnucu, aparyBnucu A^ypa Ma3ga , eBy3guK uSTugocu Ba apaTyBnucu A^puMaH ypтacнgaгн Kypam Hara^acu ннcoннннг oнгgн paBumga эзгygнк Tapa^uga тypмoFнгa SorguK. HHcoHga эзгy ^uKp, эзгy cy3, эзгy aMag MymTapaK, naMSapnac Ba axguT SygMoru go3uM, myнgaгннa эзгygнк eBy3guKgaH ycTyH Kegagu, geгaн "ABecTo" roacuHu Muggun мatнaвнaтнмнзнннг capnamMagapugaH Supugup, gecaK Tyrpu Sygagu.
2 ABecTo. TapnxnH- agaSnn egгopgнк. A.Ma^KaM Tap^MMacn. - T.: fflapK, 2001.-E.-90-111.
3 KapuMoB H.A. TOKcaK MatHaBuaT - eHragMac Kyn. - T.: MatHaBuaT, 2008. -E.32
4 Xy^aMypogoB H.P. "ABecTo"ga gexкoнннgнк мaцaннaтн. -T.: HaBpy3, 2018.-E.-18-20.
"ABecTo"ga Kafig этнnнmннa, onaM KapaMa- KapmunuKnap acocuga KypunraH: ^hcmohhh Hapcanapga - ëpyrnuK SunaH 3ynMaT, ^mnu TaSuarga -xaëT SunaH ynuM, MatHaBufi onaMga - эзгynнк SunaH ëBy3nuK, H^HMoufixaëTga -agonarnu KoHyHnap SunaH KoHyHcronuKnap ypTacuga gouMufi KapaMa-KapmunuKnap 6op. ^hhhh coxaga эзгynнкнн Kapop TonTupum pyxu SunaHëBy3nHK pyxu ypTacuga KecKHH Kypam Sopagu. Axypa Ma3ga эзгynнкннвy:®ygгa KenTupaBepagu, ëBy3nuK pyxu SynraH AxpuMaH yHra Kapmu KypamuS ,ogaMnapHH ëMoHnuKKa , ëBy3HHKnapra SomnafiBepagu.
TaSappyK MaHÖaHHHr ^CHa, 28-xoTuga ëBy3nuKKa Kapmu ogaMnapHH Supnamumra gatBar этнnagн:
"3fi, Ma3ga Axypa!
33ry HuaT Ba Amax- X,aKHKar SunaH xy3ypuMH3ra Ken, xaKKoHufi KanoMnap BocHTacnga 3apgymTra Ba ^aMHHKH conux HHcoHnapra caogarnu TupuKnHK Saxm afina!
Erora mogMoHnHK Ba onaM KygpaTHHH aTo Kun, tokh gymMaH 3ynMH Ba o3opu MyKoSnnnga SupnamafinHK"
"3fi, Masga!
Amax- X,aKHKar Ba 33ry HuaTra xaKKy pocT ca3oBop SynraHHHr paBmaH Ha3ap
$ap3oHanapHHHr MaKcygura Bocun afina. X,aKHKarga SunypMaHKH, эзгy MaKcagnu, gun KatpugaH HHKKaH onKumnap cu3nap ToMoHgaH HHoSarcro KonMarafi".
"ABecTo"HHHr 30-Samoparuga TatKugnaHumuna, эзгynнк Ba ëBy3nuK ypTacugarn aSagufi Kypamga opanuK fiyK, xap Sup ogaM Sy ^apaëHHHHr y ëKH Sy ToMoHuga umTupoK этнmгa Ma^Syp. ffly SoucgaH , guHgopnuKga hmoh- эtтнкog SapKaMonnuK HumoHacu cu^araga MyxuM ypuH TyTagu. Hmoh- эtтнкog ogaMnapra эзгynнкнн ëBy3nuKgaH ^apKgam hmkohhhh Sepagu. HMoHnu- эtтнкognн ogaM, anSaTTa, эзгynнк, axmunuK capu HHTunagu. ËBy3 pyxnap- geB, napu, uSnuc Ba SomKanap ryHoxnap, agamumnap, ënroHnuKnap, KacannuKnap THMconu cu^arnga TacBupnaHagu. Axypa Ma3ga ogaMnapHH ynapgaH caKnaHum, y3HHu neTra onumra gatBar этagн.
TaSappyK MaHSaga Sy xaKga KyfiugarunapHH yKHfiMH3:
"...fflySxa fiyKKH, Axypa geBnap Ba KaSux HHcoHnap yTMumga HHMa KunraHgunap Ba Kenrycuga HHMa Kuna^aKnapuHH xaMMagaH Kypa axmupoK Sunagu.
Axypa Sy onaMHHHr aroHa agonaTnema xaKaMugup, Y ucTaraH Hapca Synagu"
"X,aKHKarga, Su3 hkkhmh3- MeH Ba onaM pyxu ë3HK Kynnap SunaH AxypaHH onKumnafiMH3. YHgaH aroHa xoxumuMH3 my: Sy onaMga nopconap Ba ynapHHHr paxSapnapura ëBy3nap ToMoHugaH muKacu Ba o3op eTMarafi!..".
("ABecTo". roxnap, ^cHa, 28- xot, 8-9 SeTnap)
("ABecTo". Toxnap, -HcHa, 29-xot, 9 6eT) MyKaggac MaHSaga Kafig этнnнmннa, axmu $uKp geraHga энг aBBano unoxufi KoHyH pyxugaru, aKuH Kumucura MexpuSoH Synum, MyxTo^nuK Ba xaB$- xaTap ocTuga KonraHga KyMaKnamumra mafinuK, eBy3nuKKa Kapmu, Kumunap 6axT- caogaru ynyH $aon Kypamumra mafinuK, xaMMa SunaH axun Ba ToTyBnuKga amam, gycTnuKKa HucSaraH Myca^o ^HKpga Synum Foanapu TymyHunagu. Hhcoh y3 $uKp-xaenuga SomKanapra xacag KunMacnuru no3uM, axmu HuaTnu Kumu gapFa3aS SynMafigu Ba ^axonaira SepunMafigu, nyHKH SyHgafi xonarga y axmu hh^thhh fiyKoTagu, Sypn Ba agonaTHH yHyragu Ba Ho^ya xapaKarnap Kunagu.
"ABecTo"ga e3unraHugeK, eMoH TapSuanu y3 TatnuMu SunaH unoxufi cy3napHH TecKapu Kunagu Ba TupuKnuK ugpoKuHu xapoS afinafigu.
"X,aKuKaTga , y ogaMnapHu pocTnuKHuHr SeSaxo capMoacugaH Ba 33ry HuaTgaH Saxpacu3 afinafigu.
Ynap Sy TatnuMoTnapu SunaH uHcoHnapHu энг conux aMannapugaH MaHt этagнnap.
Ynap onaMnap axnu TupuKnuruHu y3napuHuHr agamrapyBnu xyKMnapu SunaH napumoH этagнnap"
("ABecTo". Toxnap, ^cHa, 32-X,ot, -14-15 SeTnap) EcuHHuHr 14- SamopaTuga xygo: "MeH эзгy $uKp(HuaT)napHu, эзгy cy3napHu Ba эзгy aMannapHu eKTupaMaH. MeH Ma3gaecuH KoHyHnapura acocnaHraH TapTuSnapHu ynyFnafiMaH",-gefigu.
YmSy ^uKpnapgaH KypuHaguKu, 3apgymTufinuK umohu yn TaaHHra acocnaHagu: ^uKpnap co^nuru, cy3HuHr coSuTnuru, aMannapHuHr ннcoннfinнгнgнp. Axypa Ma3ga ogaMnapHu "...y3 ucTaKnapuga xonuc SynuS, Sup- Supnapu SunaH Mypoca KunuS amamHu ogaT Kunumnapu, Fapa3ryfinuK, xacagryfinuK, кaттaзaнгnнк(gнмoFgopnнк), myxpaTnapacTnuK, KoHyHcu3 umnapgaH y3napuHu TufiuS ropumra HaKupagu"
EepraH BatgaHuHr ycTugaH nuKum, yHra coguK Konum, caBgo- coTuKga mapTHoManapra KaTtufi aMan Kunum, Kap3Hu BaKTuga Tynam, angaMnunuK Ba xueHaTgaH xonu Synum uMoHnunuK anoMarnapugup, gefiunagu. M.Eofic Kafig этгaннgeк, "ABecTo"ga umoh- эtтнкog ynyFnaHagu, atHu, "uMoHnu ogaM yFupnuK Ba TanoHHunuKgaH , SeroHanapHuHr Mon- gyHecura Ky3 onafiTupumgaH, y3- y3ura xueHar KunumgaH , atHu uMoHra xuno$ umnapgaH y3uHu caKnafi SunaguraH KoMun uHcoHgup"5. "TaHanapuHru3ra HucSaTaH KanSuHru3 xaKuga KynpoK KafiFypuHr", atHu aBBan MatHaBufi gyHeuHru3 Myca^o Synca, Moggufi TypMymuHru3 xaM MyKaMMan SynuS SopaBepagu, gefigu Axypa Ma3ga. "ABecTo"ga maxcHuHr axnoKufi xucnaTnapu, xaKryfinuK, agonaTnunuK ynyFnaHagu. EyHgafi cu^araapra Axypa
5 Eofic M. 3opoacTpufi^i . BepoBaHua u oSbinan. M.: HayKa, 1988.- C.-51.
Ma3gaHHHr y3H xaM эгa Synca-ga, y my SunaH Supra, эзгynнккa 3ug SynraH ëBy3nuKKa Mypocacu3 gymMaHgup.
Axypa Ma3ga KoHyHnapuga KypuK Ba Sy3 epnapHH y3namTHpum, yHH ^aMoa ypTacuga agonarnu TaKcuMnam энг caBoSnu umnapgaH xucoSnaHraH. YHgaH KefiuHru caBoSnu um эca o3HK- oBKaT Tafiëpnam, yfi xafiBoHnapu Ba nopBa MonnapuHH KynafiTupumgaH uSopaT SynraH. 3apgymT xygo HoMugaH xyKMgopnapra KapaTa SyHgafi gefigu:"ËMoH oBKaTnaHraH xanK Ha axmu , Ky^nu umnoBHunapra Ba Ha cornoM, SaKyBBaT Sonanapra эгa Synagu. Ëmoh oBKarnaHumgaH ogoS- axnoK xaM afiHuS KeTagu. Arap hoh Myn- Kyn Synca, MyKaggac cy3nap xaM axmu KaSyn KunuHagu". Eup Kapamga Sy cy3nap oggufi KypuHcaga, yHga ^yga KaTTa ^anca^ufi MatHonap, TapSuaBufi yruTnap SopnuruHH TatKugnaMoK 3apyp.
Axypa Ma3ga SyTyH MaB^ygnuKHHHr hkkh onufi uSTugocu - эзгynнк Ba ëBy3nuK xaKuga Baxufi Kunagu. Eup- Supura KapaMa- Kapmu TypraH Sy SomnaHrun Ky^nap xap gouM SupranuKga MaB^yg SynuS, ynap xaëT Ba ynuM, ocmoh Ba ^axaHHaM MatHonapuHH aHrnaragu. ^axaHHaM Axypa Ma3ga Baxuficuga xaëTHHHr энг ëMoH oHnapu, ocmoh Ba pyxHHHr энг WKcaK xonaru cu^arnga raBganaHagu.
TaSappyK MaHSaga Kafig этнnгaннgeк:
"Yma hkkh onaM ënroH - gypy^HH uxTHëp этгaнnap энг ëMoH aMannapra Sepungunap Ba aSagufi ocmohhh KonnaraH conux onaMnap ynyH SyHëg этнnгaн Amax- X,aKHKarra W3 SypraHnap y3napuHHHr эзгy aMannapu Ba o3ognuKKa MyxaSSarnapu Ty^afinu Axypa Ma3gaHH xymHyg этgнnap.
OnaM fflaxpuëpu, 33ry HuaT Ba Amax- XaKHKaT axmunuKnapHH uxTHëp этгaнnap Komura Kengunap, ynapra Kygparnu xaëT Saxm afinagunap"
OgaMgaru ëBy3nuK Ba HoMyKaMMannuK xogucanap ynapHHHr MoxuaTugaH KenuS HHKagu. YnapHH SapTapa^ Kunum эca
ucTHKSongaru um SynuS, HMoHnu Kumunap Sy ®;apaëHga энг KaTTa ^aonnuK KypcaTumra gatBaT этнnagнnap. Ynap Axypa Ma3ga wSopraH KoHyHnap , yruT-HacuxaTnapra aMan Kuncanap, эзгynнк ëBy3nuK ycTugaH TaHTaHa KunuS SopaBepagu.
33rynuK xaKuga "ABecTo"ga aHa Kyfiugaru ^HKpnap SaëH этнnгaн: "^xmunuK Ba эзгynнк aparum ynyH, - gefiunraH unoxufi KHToSga, - Kumu MexHaT Kunumu, y3 Kynu SunaH Moggufi ho3- HetMaTnap aparumu no3HM". ^apxaKHKar, "ABecTo"ga TatKugnaHraHugeK, MexHaT Sapna эзгynнкnapнннг acocu, axmunuKnapHHHr nofigeBopugup. "PoxarnuHr oTacu KynuHna MexHargup", geca goHumMaHgnapgaH Supu, SomKacu, "MexHaT SaxT nagapugup", -gefigu. Ahthk gyHë MyTa^aKKupu 33onHHHr "MexHaT ogaMnap ynyH xy3yp - xanoBaTgup" geraH xuKMaTnapuHH эcnacaк MexHarnuHr acn MoxuaTH onunraHgafi Synagu.
("ABecTo". roxnap, ^cHa, 30-xot, 10 SeT)
33rynuKHHHr KuppanapugaH 6upu cagoKaTgup, afiHH BaKTga yHHHr Hara^acu omohhhk. CagoKarau ogaMHHHr ôarpu KeHr, gunu noK, ^ugofiu ôynagu. CoguKnuK, cagoKaT HHCOHra oöpy- эtтн6op KenTupagu.
"ÄBecTo"ga coguKnuK, cagoKaTra anoxuga эtтн6op öepunraH. "Khmkh MeHra coguK öynca, -gefiunraH MyKaggac KHToöga, - энг axmu Hapcara Mymappa^ öynagu, khmkh coguK öynMaca yHra энг ëMoH Hapca Hacuö этagн. MeHHHr aKn- ugpoKHM Ba MeHHHr ^HKpuMHHHr axgy- Kapopu aHa myHgafi".
npo^eccop r.MaxMygoBa Tyrpu ë3raHugeK, "3apgymTHfinHKHHHr ryMaHH cthk TacaBBypnapu, энг aBBano, TaKBogopnuKHH, axnoKufi Kagp- KUMMaTHH, MexHaTceBapnuKHH, agonaTHH, noK Huaraap Ba aMannapHH, AgonaT, 33rynuK, X,aKHKaT Ba TaKBogopnuKHH Kapop Tonmupumra KaparnnraH onufi^aHoô umnap öunaH myrynnaHyBHH KumunapHHHr MaH^aaraapuHH xhmoa Kunumra acocnaHagu"6.
"ÄBecTo"ga öomugaH oxupurana axmunuK öunaH ëMoHnuK ypTacuga Kypam KeTagH. 3tTHKog, hhmoh эзгynнкнннг yK ToMupnapugup. 3tTHKognu hhcoh , HHMoHnn ogaMnap энг aBBano HHco^nu öynagunap, paxM- ma^KaT, öarpu KeHrnuK, ohhk KyHrunnunuK xaM ynapra 3m, xaMpoxgup.
"MeH KHMnapHHHr oMonuHH ago этгyмgнp. 3tTHKognu Ba ufiMoHnu KHMcanapra BarumnafiMaH mognuK ôapgomnuK!". "ÄBecTo"ga ë3HnumHHa: "Bu3 MuTpaHH эtзoзnaнмнз... 3t3o3nafiMaH MmpaHH, - gefigu napBapgurop Axypa Ma3ga:
^yMna эзгynнкnap coxuöu... 3t3o3nafiMH3 ëB Kup MmpaHH OapaxMaHgnuK xaKKH-xypMara Bop oBo3ga gyo KunaMaH Ba xygygcH3 aönoBnap moxu MuTpa xaKKH KenTupagupMaH MeH KypöoHnuKnap. Bu3 эxтнpoм KunaMH3 yhh , ^finoBnapu noaHCH3gup xyn, ^xmunuKgap apaTagup Yn, KencuH örora Magag öepMoKKa, KencuH örora KeHr gamTnap ynyH, KencuH ÖH3HH KynnaMoK y^yH, KencuH 6u3ra MypyBBaT ynyH, KencuH ÖH3HH KyTKapMoK y^yH, KencuH 6u3ra ronuSnuK ynyH, KencuH 6u3ra 6axT- mognuK ynyH,
6 MaxMygoBa r.T. ÄBecTOHHHr $anca$ufi moxhoth.-T.: NOSIR, 2015.- B.-265.
KencuH Su3ra axmunuK ynyH,
KencuH ronuS, KencuH 3aSapgacT,
ËnroHnapra SyfiuHcuHMac Yn".
("ABecTo". ^mTnap, MuTpa Kacugacu,- 184 SeT)
MyKaggac ë3yBga эзгynнкнннг THMconu Mmpara xaMgy caHonap ëFHnagu. 33rynuKHH KyponMafiguraH, ëBy3nuK Ba $ucKy -$acog, hhh KopanuK TaHKug ocTura onuHagu. ^oHumMaHgnapgaH Supu Sy xaKga myHgafi gefigu: 33ry эзгynнкgaн HHKMaFafi $hfoh, Ëmoh y3 ^etnugaH Synap nymafiMoH. ^apxaKHKar, эзгynнк xaMuma ogaM3oTra ëpyFnuK aTo этгaн. YHHHr xaMMa ^uxarnapu HHcoHuaTra xH3Mar KunuS KenraH.ABecTogaru эзгynнкнн TapaHHyM этyвнн xuKMarnap SyryHru KyHga xaM HHcoHuaTra xH3Mar KunMoKga.
"ABecTo"ga axmunuK Ba эзгynнк xaKuga myHgafi uSopanap Sop. ^yHëHHHr ^aMufiKH umnapuHH y3 yxgacura onraH Axypa Ma3ga myHgafi gefigu:
"Y3ranapHH axmunuKKa onuS SopraH KHMcanapraruHa axmunuK HacuS этagн".
KygpaT Ba nofigopnuKHH , xaKHKarga , CeHgaH ucrafiMro!
- 3fi, OpMauTHfi!
33ry HuaT Hypnapu SunaH nynFaHraH Ba X,aKHKar ynyH KypamnapHHHr MyKo^aTH SynraH TupuKnHKHH Su3napra HacuS afina".
("ABecTo". roxnap , ^cHa, 43- X,ot, - 18 SeT)
fflyHHHrgeK, Axypa Ma3ga ^HKpuna, Y3ranapra ëpyFnuK ucTaraH KHMcanapra ëpyFnHK HacuS этagн.
"X,aKHKar Hypnapu ocTuga, 33ry HuaTnap apanraH Matpu^araHrgaH Su3napra xaga Kun, tokh THpHKnurHMH3HHHr xap nax3a, xap coaT, xap Sup KyHuga mogMoHnuKgaH SaxpaMaHg SynafinuK.
X,aKHKarga, энг onufi axmunuK 3aMHHHfi Ba ocMoHHfi TupuKnurHMroga Su3napHH caogaTHHHr TyFpu fiynura - AxypaHHHr MaH3unu SynraH X,aKHKar onaMura - xugoaT KunraH 3oTnapra HacuS Kunagu.
- 3fi, Ma3ga!
CeHra KyHrun SoFnaraHnap Ba эtтнкog KunraHnap noKnHK Ba эзгynнкнннг Hypnapu ocTuga nafiBacT Synagunap.
- ^anoHKH , 33ry HuaT MeHHHr KomuMra Kengu Ba unK Sop CeHHHr KanoMHHrHH эmнтgнм, HKpop SynguMKH , yHH ogaMnap opacura onuS SopMoK SaFoaT oFupgup. EupoK, MeH CeHHHr энг эзгy SynraH KanoMHHrHH, HHMa SynMacHH, cyHrurana eTKaprafiMaH. fflyHgaH cyHr, CeHH noK geS SunguM.
-3fi, Ma3ga Axypa!
33ry HHaT MeHHHr xy3ypuMra op3y- atMonHM HuaTHga Tampu^ Syropgu:
-CeHgaH y3ra xen khm 6axm этonмafigнгaн öoKHfi thphkhhkhh Hacuö afina. By apMoHnu TupuKnuK xaKHga OnaM fflaxpuëpugaH öamopar öynraHgu. fflyHgaH cyHr , MeH CeHH noK geö öunguM.
- 3fi, Ma3ga!
^anoHKH, 33ry HuaT MeHHHr xy3ypuMra Kengu Ba opoM - ocyganuKHH aHguma KHnMoK öunuM onumHHHr энг axmu fiynu экaнннн yprargu Ba geguKH, paxöap xen KanoH geBnapacTnapHHHr xymHygnurura caöaö öynMacnuru KepaK, 3epo ynap xaKnapacT amaBaHnapra xycyMargagupnap. fflyHgaH cyHr , MeH CeHH noK geö öungHM" ("ÄBecTo". roxnap, hkkhhhh KymHK, -HcHa, 43-X,ot, -196eT) 33rynuK aHa Kyfiugaruna TanKHH этнnagн:
"-Khmkh MeHHHr guHHMra эtтнкog Kunca, KHMga- khm MeHHHr TatnuMoTHMra nafiBaHg öynca, KHMga- khm MeHHHr gatBaTHMra KynoK occa, y MeHHHr энг akhh xaMpoxuMgup Ba MeH yHra 33ry HuaT cufiMocuga энг ry3an My^ganap eTKa3ryMgup.
Ammo, khm 6u3HHHr fiynuMH3ra, guHHMH3ra, pa^Topy KupgopHMH3ra fob öynca, ÖH3 yHra MyKo6unMH3. Bu3 yHHHr Kapmucuga Myxopaöara xo3upMH3.
- 3fi, Ma3ga!
MeH Amax- X,aKHKaT cufiMocuga CeHHHr MyxuönapHHrHH pyëôra HHKapaMaH Ba CeHH xymHyg afinafiMaH. fflyHgafigup MeHHHr hhthxoöhm. fflygup hhathm Ba ^HKpaTHMHHHr MyKTa3ocu".
("ÄBecTo". ^cHa, 46- XpT, -246eT)
roKopuga эзгynнк, 6yHëgKopnHK TyFpucugarH "ÄBecTo"ga KenTupunraH Foanap a^gognapuMH3HH $aKar axmu um Kunumra, y3ugaH эзгy aMannap Kongupumra xH3Mar KunraH, my caöaönu xaM эзгynнк, 6yHëgKopnHK Foanapu ropTHH oöog, xanK xaëTHHH ^apoBoH KHnumgeK onufi^aHoö MaKcagnap 6unaH a^panuö TypraH. Ymöy Foanap KaguM gaBpnapgaH 6yëH ^aMHaT xaëTHHHHr энг эзгy Foanapu cu^araga, amaö KenMoKga. npe3ugeHTHMH3 fflaBKar Mup3HëeBHHHr ' 'xanKHMH3HHHr öeöaxo KagpuaTnapu Ba öofi gaBnarnunuK Ta^puöacHHH H^oganafiguraH 6ofi MepocuMH3HH ypraHHm"7 öyryHru KyH Tanaöugup, geraH cy3napuga xaM aHa my öoKHfi FoanapHHHr, MatHo-Ma3MyHH y3 H^ogacuHH TonraH. ByHgafi эзгy Foanap, BaraHnapBapnuK Ba 6yHëgKopnHK xanKHMH3ra oTa-öoöonapugaH Mepocgup. Hhcohhat Tapuxuga ogaMnap oHru Ba myypura agonaT, xaKHKaT, эзгynнк, MexHarceBapnuK, 6yHëgKopnHK Kaöu WKcaK Foanap ypyFHHH cenraH 3ot, nafiFaMÖap 3apgymT apaTraH "ÄBecTo" KHToöugarH WKcaK Foanap 6ywK
7 Mup3HëeB ffl.M. KpHyH ycryBopnurH Ba hhcoh MaH^aarnapuHH TatMHHnam - ropT TapaKKHëTH Ba xanK ^apoBoHnurHHHHr rapoBH.- T.: Y36eKHcTOH, 2017.-B.-5.
вaтaндошимиз
Зapдyштнинг
yлмac
мaфкypacи
эди.
Кapийб уч минг йил мукэддэм - мaъpифaт зиëcини жэхолэт бyлyтлapи K0плaб олгaн дaвpдa буюк вaтaндошимиз Зapдyшт яккaxyдолик Ba эзгулик F0ялapини тapFиб килишни бошлaгaн эди. Зapдyшт тaълимотидa инcонни эзгyликкa дaъвaт этувчи F0ялap мapкaзий ypинни эгaллaйди.
Эзгулик вa ëвyзлик кyчлapи ypтacидa F0явий кypaш зapдyштийлик динининг мyкaддac китоби '^^ecTO^a aтpофличa бaëн этилгaн. Ундa хapбий тyкнaшyвлap, боcкинчилик ypyшлapи, жонивоpлapни, хaйвонлapни aзоблaш, одaмлapгa aдолaтcизлик, ëлF0нчилик, эхдгэ вaфоcизлик, xиëнaт килиш F0ялapи коpaлaниб, Утpок, оcойиштa, хaëт ^ч^ишта, мeхнaтгa, дeхкончилик, чоpвaчилик билaн шyFyллaнишгa дaъвaт этaдигaн F0ялap yлyFлaнaди. Зapдyштийлик динидa ep, cyв, мycaффо хдво, онa - тaбиaт эъзозлaнaди, кypyк ep очиб уни боFy-pоFгa aйлaнтиpгaн одaм илох^т paхмaтигa yчpaйди, aкcинчa боFлap, экинзоpлapни, cyFоpиш иншоaтлapини бyзгaнлap кaттa гунохгэ колaди. Зapдyштнинг бyнëдкоp F0ялapи инcонлapни тинч-тотув яшaшгa, хэлол мeхнaт килиб Вaтaнни обод килишга дэъвэт этади.
'^^ecTO^a вaтaнпapвapлик F0яcи yлyFлaниб одaмлapни бapкaмол булишгэ
о
дэъвэт этилгэн" . "Me^a бapкaмол вэ диногох, вaтaнceвap вэ aнжyмaноpо, эхил, эзгу aндишaли, зулмэтдэн, тэнгликдэн кyткapyвчи фapзaндлap бaFишлa. Токи yлap мэнзил, шaхap, улкэ вэ унинг ном хэмдэ овозacини кyтapcинлap" , дeйилaди. Шyнингдeк, acapдa онэ зэминни эъзозлэш, уни обод килиш F0ялapи тapFиб килинэди. Жумлэдэн, '^^ecTO^a ëзилишичa Зэминни хэммэдэн кyпpок бaxтиëp килгэн шaxc, хaммaдaн куп бyFдой, raëx вэ мeвaли дapaxтлap эккэн зотд^! У кypyк epлapгa cyв чикapгaн вэ cyвли epлapни шyдгоp килгэн зотдиp - дeйилaди.
"Узок зэмон экилмэгэн вэ омоч тeгмaгaн зэмин бaxтcиздиp... Кимдэ-ким зэминни чэп вэ унг кул билэн, унг кул вэ чэп кул билэн шyдгоp килca, зэмин унгэ фapовонлик бaxш этэди... Зэмин хэм мул-кул мeвaлapни инъом этэди".
e^ecTO". Вэндидод, 3- фapгapд, 3- булим, 114 бeт)
Еpнинг шyдгоp килиниб, capa ypyFлap ceпилиши бyFдой мaйcacининг униб чикиши ушэ epдaги ëвyз кyчлap, дeвлapнинг бу epлapни тapк этиши тyFpиcидaги F0я Aвecтонинг Вэндидод к^мита бaFишлaнгaн булимидэ куйидэгичэ бepилгaн: "Кэчонки эгaтлapдa ypyF eтилca, дeвлap ypинлapидaн кУпaдилap.
Кэчонки бyFдой гypкиpaб ^rapca, дeвлap дэхшэтдэн титpaй бошлaйдилap.
Кэчонки бyFдой ун бyлca, дeвлap нолэ чeкaдилap.
Кэчонки бyFдой xиpмонгa yюлca, дeвлap нобуд бyлaдилap.
8 Хyжaмypодов И.Р. Aвecтодa эътикод мacaлacи // Узбeкиcтон Arpap фэни xaбapномacи, 2013. 1- тони, Б.-102.
Kafi Sup xoHagoHga SyFgofi Som nuKapca, geBnap y xoHagoHgaH y3oKnamagunap.
Kafi Sup xoHagoHga SyFgofi oMSopu Synca, rye Ku3gupunraH TeMup geBnap SyfiHuHu nupMaS Tamnafigu".
("ABecTo".BaHgugog,3- ^aprapg, 3-SynuM,- 115 - SeT)
"ABecTo"ga aKc этгaн 3apgymTHuHr "33ry HuaT, эзгy cy3 Ba эзгy aManHu onKumnafiMaH! HuaT, cy3 Ba aMannap unugaH MeH эзгy HuaT, эзгy cy3 Ba эзгy aManHu TaHnafiMaH. MeH Sapna KaSux aHguma, KaSux cy3 Ba KaSux aMangaH ro3 SypaMaH", geraH xuKMaTnu cy3napu SyryHru KyHga xaM KaTTa TapSuaBufi axaMuaTra эгa. By ynMac Foanap KefiuHnanuK nafigo SynraH guHnap, ^yMnagaH, xpucTuaHnuK Ba ucnoM ToMoHugaH xaM KaSyn KunuHgu. ^eMaK, Sy kutoS y3 gaBpuga maKnnaHraH Foanap Tu3uMugaH uSopaT SynraH ^aMuaT Ma^Kypacu эgн.
XY.TOCA
KaguMru Tapuxufi-agaSufi egropnuruMro "ABecTo"ga эзгynнкнн mapa^noBnu, ynyFnoBHu KynnaS uSpaTnu ^uKpnap MaB^yg SynuS, Sy ynMac Mepoc MaMnaKaruMroga ^aMuarauHr SapKapopnuruHu TatMuHnamga, SapKaMon aBnogHu TapSuanamga SyryHru KyHga xaM y3 axaMuaTuHu caKnaS KonMoKga. BeSaxo egropnuruMro "ABecTo"ga unrapu cypunraH эзгy $uKp, эзгy cy3, эзгy aMan SupnuruHu TapaHHyM этyвнн ynMac Foanap SyryHru rnoSannamyB mapouTuga MaMnaKaTuMu3ga aManra omupunaeTraH ucnoxoTnapHu aHaga caMapanu onuS Sopumga, SapKaMon em aBnogHu BaTaHnapBapnuK pyxuga TapSuanamga MyxuM MaHSa SynuS xu3Mar Kunumu ynyH ynapgaH MatHaBufi- Matpu^ufi, TapSuaBufi umnapga KeHrpoK ^ofiganaHum MaKcagra MyBo^uKgup.
OOH^A^AHrAH A^ABHET^AP (REFERENCES)
1. "ABecTo".Tapuxufi- agaSufi egropnuK. AcKap MaxKaM Tap^KMacu.-T.:"mapK",2001,B.-8-9,10,14,15,18,19,24,90,111,114, 115, 184.
2. Mup3ueeB ffl. M. KoHyH ycTyBopnuru Ba uhcoh MaH^aarnapuHu TatMuHnam - ropT TapaKKueTu Ba xanK ^apoBoHnuruHuHr rapoBu. - T.: Y3SeKucToH,2017.-B.-5.
3. KapuMoB H.A. ^KcaK MatHaBuaT- eHrunMac Kyn.-T.:"MatHaBuaT", 2008,-B.-32.
4. MaxMygoBa T.T. ABecToHuHr ^anca^ufi MoxuaTu. - T.: "NOSIR", 2015, - B.-265.
5. Xy^aMypogoB H.P. ABecToga MatHaBuaT Macanacu // MynoKoT ^ypHanu, 1996,1 -cohu.b.-59-61.
6. Xy^aMypogoB H.P. ABecToga эtтнкog Macanacu // Y3SeKucTOH Arpap $aHu xaSapHoMacu, 2013№1(51)cohu,B. -102—104.
7. Xy^aMypogoB H.P. "ABecTo"ga gexKoHnunuK MagaHuaTu. - T.: "Navroz", 2018.-B.-18-20.
8. hcxpkob M.33ry yfi, эзгу cy3, эзгу aMan khto6h,-t.: 2001,E.- 63,75.
9. eohc M.3opoacTpuH^i. BepoBaHHA h o6biHaH.-M.:"HayKa", 1988.- C.-51-82.
10. CynafiMOHOBa O. mapK Ba Fap6.-T.:"OaH",1991,-E-23.
