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AZ9RBAYCAN KIMYA JURNALI № 1 2017
UDC 54.915.621.892
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE WASTE MOTOR OIL
K.Yu.Adjamov, E.A.Guseynova, N.I.Imanova, K.K.Ismailova, V.A.Ismailova, M.N.Agabekova, S.E.Yusubova, M.M.Asgarova
The Scientific Research Institute of "Geotechnological Problems of oil, gas and Chemistry "
Received 29.02.2016
The results of the comparative analysis of the physico-chemical properties of the fresh and used motor oil are offered. It was found that the level of pollution, waste engine oil mechanical impurities exceeds the allowable, and aggregate stability of the colloidal system is connected with a high content of additives that preserve the dispersant. The study of the dielectric characteristics of the used motor oil revealed that the main products of the "aging" are soot particles. Using the data obtained is recommended in the selection of conditions and compositions for the purification of waste motor oil.
Keywords: assessment ofproperties, waste motor oil, products of the "aging", soot particles.
Introduction
At present, oil and lubricants are widely used in modern technology in order to reduce friction in the moving mechanisms of various types of equipment. During the operation in which an accumulation of oxidation products polymerization, condensation, contamination by impurities mechanical, fuel, water [1-3]. Not finding a qualified application, the used lubricants, along with industrial and household waste, are one of the factors of environmental pollution [4, 5]. At the same time an ever-growing disparity between the finding efficient methods of oil resources and needs of the high quality lubricants opens new perspectives for waste lubricants, in particular, waste motor oils (WMO).
Currently WMO utilized primarily in the following areas: regeneration (provides a base oil fraction for the production of commercial oils, metalworking fluids, etc.), thermal degradation (or burning, is the most common method of disposal of the WMO as a result of their high calorific value), obtaining greases, conservation materials (for lubrication is not responsible nodes, conservation mechanisms), obtaining building materials (bricks, cementations compositions) [6-9].
The rate of change of physical and chemical parameters of WMO is the main criterion for choosing a direction, which is directly linked with the possibility of effective use of a particular technology in practice.
The purpose of this research is to study the physical and chemical properties of the used motor oils ADDINOL.
Methods of experiment
As an object of research engine oil ADDINOL DRIVE POWER MV 2050, SAE 20W-50 was selected. According to data provided by the manufacturer, this type of oil is characterized by high operational feature: refers to the all-season one, it is recommended for gasoline and diesel motors, motion of cars and minibuses with average operating conditions; specially selected additives provide engine cleanliness, corrosion and high temperature oxidation protection and durability. Physicochemical properties of fresh and used oil was determined by standard methods:
- water content in the oils with a Dean-Stark trap (GOST 2477-65) and Fisher method (GOST 24614-81);
- kinematic viscosity according to GOST 3382;
- dynamic viscosity according to GOST 332000;
- density in accordance with GOST 3900-78;
- a flash point in accordance with GOST 4333-87;
- acid number, mg KOH/g, GOST 5985-79;
- base number, mg KOH/g, GOST 11362-96.
In addition to the assessment of physico-chemical parameters according to the procedures
conducted GOST rapid analysis of the dispersion stabilizing properties of the WMO by dropping samples (paper chromatogram) [9]. For this purpose thoroughly pre-mixed investigated oil was pipette and was applied in the form of drops on a leaf burn-zonally clamped filter paper. Evaluation of the chromatograms was carried out after 4 hours.
The refractive index of the fresh and used oil is determined on IRF- 54B refractometer with an accuracy of up to 0.0001; specific refraction calculated by the formula L. and G.Lorentts [10].
The coefficient of relative viscosity of motor oil was determined by the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of used oil to the dynamic viscosity of the original.
Discussion of results
The assessment of changes in physico-chemical properties of the oil during the operation was based on the principle of comparative analysis of performance of the fresh and waste motor oil (Table 1 and Figure 1), which revealed that in the course of the processes occurring under the influence of external conditions
(frequent starts, warm up the engine in the cold season, an abrupt change of load, speed, temperature, air tightness and degree of deterioration of the oil system, as well as oxidation reactions in polymerization, degradation) is a change of physical and chemical parameters of WMO [1-3, 9].
Table 1. Physico-chemical parameters of fresh and used motor oil
Up the After the
Indicators operation operation
manual manual*
density at 200C, kg/m3 870 825
viscosity index 151 128
flash-point in open crucible, 0C 225 198
acid number, mg KOH/g 1.23 1.56
the base number, mg KOH/g 6.52 3.15
water content, % - 0,03
pH, at 200C 7.83 7.85
Operating length was 5000 km.
As follows from the table data, WMO density decreased by 5% and amounted to 825 kg/m3. It was also noted a decrease in the kinematic and dynamic viscosity (Figure 1), which is one of the most important performance properties of engine oils.
80
70 -
o Ph
C3 Ö
Q
60
50 - I 50
40
30
20 -
10 -
ö 3
80
70
60
40
30
10
2
2
2
12
20 40 50
Temperature of determination, 0C
100
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
00,3.3
00,2.2
00,1.1
«
<u o a <u
H
Fig. 1. The effect of temperature on the kinematic (1 - fresh oil; 2 - waste oil) and dynamic viscosity (I - fresh oil; II - waste oil) and the coefficient of the relative viscosity.
1
1
2
ii
0
Excluding the effect of thinning with fuel oil (in the course of preliminary investigations the presence of the latter has not been established), almost exponential decrease in viscosity, in our opinion, testifies to that the key factor is not the accumulation of degradation products (tar-asphalting substances and burn-products of the fuel) and operation of viscosity additives. On reducing additive performance as indicated by the change of alkali and acid (indirectly), the first declined, and the second increased by 26.8%, and these results are in good agreement with the pH-values. These results give an indication of the neutralizing capacity reduction WMO, its accumulation in the composition of oxidation products, which ultimately leads to increased soot formation in the first case and wear engine parts - in the second. Reducing the relative viscosity was observed at temperatures 20 and 400C and not more than 30%, which is typical for the state in which the stored low-temperature (startup) properties of engine oil [11].
In determining the water content by Dean Stark method the results ("traces") have been obtained, however, taking into account the available data in the literature, for the correctness of the data we have used the Fisher method as well. Its implementation has allowed to fix the water content of the WMO that is not more than 0.03%. This figure is close to the criticalcal one [12], and later even a slight increase in its intensity of course will contribute to the processes of "aging" of using oil and should be considered in a comprehensive performance evaluation index of oil and the need to restore it.
The nature of the WMO behavior at increased temperatures can be measured by the flash temperature. Its slight drop by (270C), relatively fresh oil proves in favor of the relative preservation of original properties WMO: in reduced carbon formation and evaporation [13].
WMO sample was a dark brown opaque liquid. As stated above, the WMO is stored in its composition surfactant additive molecules which encapsulate solid particles, preventing their precipitation and coagulation. Studies have shown that long-sucks (40 hours at 800C), vacuum filtration and centrifugation have not led to any tangible precipitation of contaminants. Con-
sidering the action mechanism of the additivestion can be assumed that a part of this type of oil additive retained dispersant that prevents adhesion (coagulation), and allows the fine particles to keep them in a stable state of suspension.
The latter was confirmed during the rapid analysis according to known methods [9] the paper chromatography method. To obtain reliable results re-conducted parallel experiments with a permissible error of no more than 2%. Based on the data obtained were calculated and evaluated by [14] below following characteristics.
- Dispersing ability DA (calculated from the value of the diffusion zone), DA = 0.94 show the effectiveness of existing as a part of detergent and dispersant additives.
- The existence ratio of the additive in the WMO Kn = 2.1, which corresponds to their high content.
- Fouling factor WMO mechanical impurities, Kd = 1.2, exceed the allowable-present.
In addition, the shape of the droplet of the sample (sometimes broken), pronounced a wide zone of diffusion and the presence of a small net oil zone confirmed the above put forward the assumption of a small watering, high content of additives and the presence of insoluble WMO products.
In order to objectively assess the quality of the stock WMO its dielectric characteristics have been studied. Reduction of the specific refractive index of the dielectric constant growth WMO (Figure 2), and the value of the relative permittivity As=0.54 (Figure 3), can testify to the presence of an operational oil entering the organic (carbon black, oil, water) and inorganic (products of wear of metal parts, metal-containing additive components and the like) contaminants [15].
Considering the literature data [15-17], according to which the contribution of the latter, on the contrary reduces the dielectric constant, and the experimental data obtained above the substantial absence of water and fuel, a change in the optical index WMO probably determined mainly containing soot particles.
Thus, based on laboratory results, we can conclude that the spent ADDINOL engine oil is finely dispersed system with certain physical and chemical properties.
nD
О
<D 43 С
R, IQ"3
0.825 А
0.15 &
и
Fig. 2. The dependence of the refraction index nD and specific dispersion R on density of fresh (A) and waste (B) oils.
Density, g/sm3
£ о
(U
"tu тЗ <u
л
H
Fig. 3. The dependence of the dielectric constant on specific density of fresh (A) and waste (B) oils.
в
1.7 -
0.825 0.834 0.843 0.852 0.861 0.887
А
Density, g/sm3
B
Analysis of the dielectric characteristics of waste motor oil revealed that the main products of the "aging" are fine soot particles. In subsequent studies, it is envisaged as one of the directions towards solving the problem of a qualified use of this type of waste motor oil, to investigate the possibility of short-term destabilizing the dispersion medium and coarsening contaminant particles without breaking the structure of the residual additives that will increase the potential service life of engine oil, or use it as a base the basis for valuable petrochemicals.
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ОЦЕНКА ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ОТРАБОТАННОГО МОТОРНОГО МАСЛА
К.Ю.Аджамов, Э.А.Гусейнова, Н.И.Иманова, К.КИсмаилова, В.А.Исмаилова, М.Н.Агабекова, С.Э.Юсубова, М.М.Аскерова
Представлены результаты сравнительного анализа физико-химических свойств свежего и отработанного моторных масел. Установлено, что уровень загрязнения отработанного моторного масла механическими примесями превышает допустимый, а агрегативная устойчивость коллоидной системы связана с высоким содержанием присадок, сохраняющих диспергирующую способность. Изучение диэлектрических особенностей отработанного моторного масла позволило установить, что основными продуктами "старения" являются сажевые частицы. Использование полученных данных рекомендовано при подборе условий и композиций для очистки отработанного моторного масла.
Ключевые слова: оценка свойств, отработанное моторное масло, продукты "старения " сажевые частицы.
i§LONMϧ MOTOR YAGININ FiZiKl-KIMYOVi XASSOLORINÎN QÏYMOTLONDÏRlLMOSi
KY.Ocamov, E.O.Hüseynova, N.LÏmaniva, K.K.ismaylova, V.A.ismaylova, M.N.Agabayova, S.E.Yusubova, M.M.Osgarova
Tamiz va içlanmiç motor yaginin fiziki-kimyavi xassalarinin müqayisa olunmuç naticalari taqdim olunub. Müayyan olundu ki, içlanmiç motor yaglannin mexaniki qariçiqlarla çirklanma saviyyasi normadan yuksakdir va onun kolloid sistemi kimi aqreqativ sabitliyi tarkibinda disperslik qabiliyyatini saxlayan açqarlarin qalmasi ila baglidir. içlanmiç motor yaginin dielektrik xassalarinin öyranilmasi kohnalmanin asas mahsulu qurum hissaciklardan ibarat olmasini müayyan etmaya imkan verdi. içlanmiç yaglarin tamizlanmasi ücün çaraitin va kompozisiyalarin seçilmasinda alinmiç naticalarin istifadasi tövsiya olunur.
Açar sôzpr '. xassalarin qiymatlandirilmasi, i§lanmi§ motor yagi, kohnalma mahsulu, qurum hissaciklari.
