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_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» № 04-3/2017 ISSN 2410-700Х_
ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
UDC 621.892
M. Zh. Almagambetova
Candidate of technical sciences, lecturer WKAU named Zhangir khan Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan G. M. Adyrova Candidate of technical sciences, lecturer WKAU named Zhangir khan Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan N.B. Adilova Candidate of technical sciences, lecturer WKAU named Zhangir khan Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan A.A. Chernov Candidate for a Master's degree WKAU named Zhangir khan Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
CLEANING OF SEMI-SYNTHETIC USED MOTOR OILS
Abstract
In the article it is discussed the actuality of the problem of regeneration of used synthetic motor oils. It is indicated on ecological and economic advantages of cleaning of used oils. Different coagulants are reviewed for subject of effectiveness of cleaning of used synthetic motor oils. It is given a methodology of cleaning of oil from pollutions. It is indicated a composition of optimal coagulant for cleaning of used oils.
Keywords
Used semisynthetic motor oil, coagulation, centrifugation, oil purification, monoethanolamine (MEA),
isopropyl alcohol, Surface Active Agent (SAA)
Nowadays, the oil producing and oil refining industries are one of the most intensively developing areas of Kazakhstan's economy. As President N. A. Nazarbayev says in the message "Nurlyzhol - the Path to Future", it is necessary to solve the most critical problems in the industrial sphere of the republic, in particular, to support the implementation of projects in the food and chemical industries, machine building and in the service sector.
Annually, about 6 million tons of petroleum products get in the biosphere around the world, more than 50% of which are used waste lubricants. Pollution of the environment by environmentally hazardous components of used lubricants is becoming global. Pollution of the atmosphere occurs as a result of evaporation and, mainly, burning of used lubricants.
The actuality of the problem of environmentally safe use of used motor oils is needless to say and from the economic point of view.
One way to prevent environmental pollution is to maximize the involvement of used lubricants in processing. It is possible to get about 10 tons of fresh oils from 100 tons of oil raw materials and from 100 tons of used oils - 6080 tons of regenerated products that are not inferior in quality to the fresh oils [1].
Purified used motor oils have a sufficient supply of performance properties for the purpose of their reuse in less loaded units and machine assemblies instead of fresh ones. Carefully collected used motor oils (without adding additional contaminants in the form of soil and air dust, water, fuel, washing liquids, as well as liquids of nonpetroleum origin) can be used after cleaning and recovery:
- in medium-forced internal combustion engines with moderate loads;
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» № 04-3/2017 ISSN 2410-700Х_
- in the hydraulic systems of machines;
- in gearboxes and transmissions of tractors and cars at moderate loads;
- in inertia-oil air cleaners of tractors and cars;
- in reducers and other units of agricultural machinery;
- in rotary vacuum pumps;
- in the running gear of caterpillar tractors;
- during conservation of machinery, etc.
The most tough requirements to the quality of cleaning and recovery of used engine oil are required for its use in engines and hydraulic systems of equipment hinge. Based on the analysis of the results of researches and testing of oils, regulatory and technical documentation, rejection rules, etc., the basic requirements for raw materials and products (oils) are formed depending on the concept of its use.
When cleaning used engine oil, its physical and chemical features are improved, such as: dirtiness, water cut, and when the performance properties are restored, the alkali value, viscosity and dispersive-stabilizing properties are improved. When appointing the direction and regulation for the use of purified waste oil, it is necessary to evaluate its main indicators by express methods of analysis.
Nowadays, the problem of regeneration of used synthetic motor oils, the volumes of which are comparable with the volumes of used mineral oils and exceed 500 thousand tons per year, is very actual. The available technologies for the regeneration of synthetic oils can be realized only in complex technological processes that ensure the production of a natural base of purified synthetic oil. The available energy-saving technologies for the removal of "aging" products and waste from synthetic motor oils have not been developed yet. There are some proposals for the use of specific coagulants [2]: rosin solution in isopropyl alcohol for purification of synthetic motor oils manufactured on an ester base. The main disadvantage of this method of cleaning is the high cost of one of the coagulants - rosin. Studies on the selection of more accessible coagulants of contaminants, used semi-synthetic motor oils were carried out in this direction. For these purposes, alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol) and amino alcohols (monoethanolamine, triethanolamine) were investigated as coagulants.
The authors of works [3, 4] investigated the possibilities of using synthetic motor oils of various alcohols as coagulants for contamination . As it turned out, fatty alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol) do not cause coagulation effects in mixtures with spent synthetic motor oils at normal temperature and heating.
Carbamide (2% water solution) and mixtures of monoethanolamine (MEA) and isopropyl alcohol were used to purify the used semi-synthetic motor oils. Carbamide is an excellent coagulant for the contamination of used mineral oils.
It does not work with used synthetic motor oils. As it turned out, carbamide shows its coagulation properties in semi-synthetic used motor oil, the particles of contamination are enlarged but insignificantly (1 цш), (see Table 1). More active coagulation is observed in semisynthetic used motor oil (UMO) using a mixture of 1: 1 MEA and isopropyl alcohol , heating to 130 °C. After centrifugation, the oil becomes transparent and it has a dark ruby color, (see Table 1).
Table 1
Results of purification of semisynthetic UMO with a mixture of MEA and isopropyl alcohol
(heating, cooling, centrifuge)
Parameters Initial Coagulant
UMO Carbamide, 2% Mixture MEA + i PrOH (1:1), 4%
Kinematic viscosity at 100°C, mm2/s 9.5 9.6 9.8
Flash point, °C 165 180 175
Alkaline number, mg KOH/g 1.2 1.1 1.1
Acid number, mg KOH/g 0.9 0.8 0.8
Content, %
- mechanical impurities 0.1-0.3 0.01 <0.01
- water 0.1 traces absense
The size of the mech. impurities, ^m:
- before cleaning 0.1 - -
- with coagulation 1 >5
- after cleaning <0,1 <0,1
Color units 6-7, deep-brown, muddy 6, deep-brown, clear 5-5.5, clear, deep-ruby
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» № 04-3/2017 ISSN 2410-700Х_
Presumably, the mechanism of coagulation processes in the spent synthetic UMO can be forthcoming. Aminoalcohols (MEA, TEA) are electrolytes (weak bases), capable of rendering a destabilizing effect on detergent-dispersant additives of synthetic motor oil. However, their action as a Surface Active Agent (SAA) is not so significant, it weakens the dispersive properties of additives by 10-20%. At the same time, with the mixture of ionogenic SAA (MEA) with nonionogenic SAA (isopropyl alcohol), the coagulating effect of this mixture is enhanced, so that the activity of detergent-dispersant additives is weakened by 80-90%, the particles of oil contamination coagulate almost completely to sizes more than 5 цш , that can be easily separated by centrifugation to low values: the residual amount of contaminants is 0.01-0.05%.
The proposed method for cleaning of used semisynthetic motor oils uses affordable cheap coagulants and a unit that can be operated in a rural commodity producer.
The oil, purified in this way, can be used as a hydraulic fluid, furnace fuel or a component for the preparation of greases.
References:
1 Evdokimov, A.Yu., Dzhamalov, А.А., Lashhi, V.L. // Chemistry and technology of fuel and oils. - 1992. -№ 11. -Pages 26-29. (in Russian).
2 Ostrikov, V.V., Tupotilov, N.N., Kornev, A.Yu. and others. The method of cleaning of used synthetic motor oil. Patent № 2437923, Russia, 2011 year. (in Russian).
3 Prokopyev, V.N., Sinyanskaya, R..I. and others. The method of regeneration of used lubricating oil. Patent № 2076898, Russia, 2004 year. (in Russian).
4 Tupotilov, N.N. Survey of cleaning of used synthetic motor oils with specific solvents / N.N. Tupotilov, V.V. Ostrikov, S.Yu. Popov // Science in central Russia. - 2013. - № 5. - Pages 27-30. (in Russian).
© Almagambetova M. Zh., Adyrova G. M., Adilova N.B., Chernov A.A., 2017
УДК 547. 551. 1
Дурсинова А.А.,
Магистрант 1 г.об., КБГУ им.Х.М.Бербекова,
г.Нальчик, КБР, РФ Хадаева М.З.,
Магистрант 1 г.об., КБГУ им.Х.М.Бербекова,
г.Нальчик, КБР, РФ Лабазанова К.Х.,
Магистрант 1 г.об., КБГУ им.Х.М.Бербекова,
г.Нальчик, КБР, РФ Отарова Р.М., Аспирант 2 г.об., КБГУ им.Х.М.Бербекова,
г.Нальчик, КБР, РФ Борукаев Т.А.
Д.х.н., профессор кафедры ОХ и ВМС КБГУ им.Х.М.Бербекова, г.Нальчик, КБР, РФ
АЗОМЕТИНОВЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ О-ФЕНИЛЕНДИАМИНА И П-, О-ОКСИБЕНЗАЛЬДЕГИДА, ОБЛАДАЮЩИЕ ЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНТНЫМИ СВОЙСТВАМИ
Аннотация
Получены новые сопряженные азометиновые соединения на основе о-фенилендиамина и п-, о-
