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32ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TOURISM - RELATED
INDUSTRIES ON EMPLOYMENT IN UZBEKISTAN Buriyev Kh.T.1, Rakhmanova F^.2, Tashnazarova L.Sh.3
1Buriyev Khakim Toshimovich - Teacher; 2Rakhmanova Feruza Musakulovna - Teacher;
3Tashnazarova Lola Shukhratillayevna - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION, FACULTY OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, SAMARKAND STATE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING, SAMARKAND, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article covers the tourism potential of Uzbekistan and its employment. In addition, a number of recommendations were developed to reduce the unemployment rate in the country. The article also describes in detail the existing problems in the field of tourism services and their solutions, focusing on the development of employment in the country through tourism. All the information presented in the article is based on statistics and facts. In addition, issues related to cooperation with other sectors of the economy to increase employment in tourism were raised. The mechanisms for the use of historical heritage sites in our country for tourism purposes, which have not yet been fully studied, are based on scientific data.
At the end of the article there are a number of suggestions and recommendations for employment and improvement of living standards in Uzbekistan.
Keywords: employment, tourism insudstry, unemployment rate, Economic performance, diversification, modernization, unemployment rate.
DOI: 10.24411/2413-2101-2020-10503
Employment in the country is one of the important features of the economy, the welfare of the people. Even in developed countries, the problem of employment of the able-bodied population is one of the most important issues determining the social stability of the country. This, in turn, is part of the country's social policy and is related to demographic processes.
In general, the tourism services sector is one of the most comprehensive, dependent on all sectors of the economy and inevitably shows its impact. In particular, the tourism industry has a special role in the development of transport, catering, hotel management and a number of other sectors.
In the course of our research, we studied the impact of tourism services on employment in all sectors and industries of the country.
According to the analysis of the above indicators in the field of tourism services, in 2016-2018, the employment rate in Uzbekistan decreased from 68.7% to 67.4%, ie 1.3%, and the number of people employed in the tourism sector in the economy shows that the contribution of the population has increased significantly. If in 2016 the share of the population employed in the field of tourism services in the number of people employed in the economy was 27%, by 2019 it was 38.2% (Table 2). However, this figure is much lower than in developed countries. In the United States and Europe, the share of tourism services in employment is 50-60%. This means that Uzbekistan has ample opportunities to develop the service sector and increase its role in employment.
In the course of our research, we studied and analyzed the distribution of the employed population in the economy of Uzbekistan by sectors. According to him, in 2019, the sector with the largest share in the population employed in the economy of the country is agriculture, whose share is 26.0%. The share of employment in the financial, credit and insurance sectors is the lowest, at 0.6%. Studies have shown that the share of these indicators exceeds the share of the tourism services sector by a few percent. This, in turn, showed that employees in the field of tourism services are not working effectively, and their productivity is much lower than in other sectors.
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In developed economies, the share of the population employed in tourism services in the total economy is in the range of 15-25%. According to statistics for 2019, the share of the population employed in the field of tourism services in the economy is 5.1%. This indicates that the existing tourist resources in our country are not used to the maximum.
As mentioned above, the development of the tourism services sector, the maximum use of existing resources and, as a result, the creation of new jobs will have a positive impact on the development efficiency of other sectors and industries in the economy.
In our view, it is necessary to pay more attention to the types of activities related to these services in order to improve the quality of tourism services and create new jobs. For example, hotel management, travel agencies, guide services, translation services, and so on. In recent years, the state has provided a number of opportunities and benefits in order to increase the efficiency of businesses engaged in these activities. In particular, the adoption of a number of laws and regulations, the provision of tax benefits, the introduction of a visa-free regime in a number of countries in order to accelerate the flow of foreign tourists. However, in our opinion, these measures have not had a significant positive impact on the efficiency of the industry.
In our opinion, one of the most important solutions to increase employment in the field of tourism services is to diversify all sectors related to the industry. Expanding the range of activities of these sectors and radically improving the quality of services should be the first step in the implementation of these measures. This, in turn, will serve to increase the tourist attractiveness of the country. The growth of the country's tourist attractiveness will serve to increase the incoming tourist flow, resulting in a spontaneous need to create new jobs in tourism service enterprises.
The growth of tourism production in the field of tourism services will serve to accelerate the efficiency of investment activities of the economy. In other words, it will contribute to the creation of new jobs in the country, increase domestic and foreign trade turnover and, most importantly, increase state budget revenues.
According to United Nations statistics, more than 1,000 historical monuments are registered in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. But in our country, more than 300 of them are used for tourism purposes. This means that the remaining facilities have not been created for tourism and no specific measures have been taken.
In conclusion, the rest of the economy also plays an important role in providing employment in the field of tourism services and increasing employment in this area. The development of these sectors and industries of the economy directly contributes to the development of tourism services and the creation of new jobs.
Creating favorable conditions for the development of tourism, especially in the private sector, improving the competitiveness and quality of services, active and comprehensive promotion of national tourism products in the world market, as well as the proposals of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan In order to implement in practice and in five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 According to the startups are considered to be the purpose of the implementation of the following measures:
a) the Concept of development of the tourism industry in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2025 (further - the Concept) providing for:
• Improving the regulatory framework in the field of tourism, implementation of international norms and standards aimed at creating favorable conditions for tourism development;
• development of tourism infrastructure and creation of an acceptable and favorable tourism environment;
• development of transport logistics, expansion of internal and external routes, improving the quality of transport services;
• diversification of tourism products and services aimed at different segments of the tourism market;
• Development of domestic tourism, which will stimulate the activity of tourism entities aimed at meeting the demand for tourism services in the country;
• Promotion of tourism products of the Republic of Uzbekistan in international and domestic tourism markets, strengthening the image of the country as a safe place for travel and leisure;
• Improving the system of training, retraining and advanced training for the tourism industry. The Coordinating Council for Tourism Development, established by the Decree of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 16, 2017 No. PP-3217, is expected to ensure the following:
• Coordinating the activities of ministries, agencies and other organizations for the effective organization, timely and quality implementation of all planned activities;
• Monitoring the implementation of the Concept and Action Plan by ministries, agencies and other organizations, as well as quarterly submitting detailed information to the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the implementation of this Decree;
• Approval of the annual "Roadmap" for joint activities to promote the tourism potential of Uzbekistan abroad and attract foreign tourists;
• Make changes to the Concept parameters as necessary based on the implementation of the annual Action Plan.
From February 1, 2019, a visa-free regime has been established for citizens of a number of countries for a period of 30 days from the date of entry into the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
A number of proposals made by the State Committee for Tourism Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Security Service and a number of public authorities were approved:
a) Expand the list of countries whose citizens have the opportunity to obtain an electronic entry visa from February 1, 2019;
b) Introduce a system for issuing the following types of electronic entry visas with a validity period of 30 days from March 15, 2019:
• double, consular fee of $ 35;
• multiple, consular fee of $ 50;
c) Introduction of entry visa categories for certain groups of foreign citizens visiting the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In addition, foreign citizens will have the right to obtain a residence permit in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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