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STRATEGY OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UZBEKISTAN Kodirova D.S. Email: Kodirova17144@scientifictext.ru
Kodirova Dildora Sabirdjahnovna—Assistant, HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN DEPARTMENT, BUILDING FACULTY, FERGHANA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article under discussion addresses the development of tourism in Uzbekistan. The author of the article believe that in recent years many reforms have been carried out that are aimed at optimizing the tourism sector in Uzbekistan. Tourism is an industry that can actively influence the economy of a country or region. With the help of tourism, new jobs are being created, new regions are being developed and the national economy is being accelerated. Tourism can act as a mechanism for redistributing national income in favor of the state, which specializes in it. Tourism is also considered a multiplier of the growth of national income, ensuring the development of local infrastructure and employment, as well as increasing the standard of living of the local population. Tourism can be characterized by high efficiency and quick return on investment. The peculiarity of tourism lies in the fact that it is an effective means of protecting the natural and cultural heritage, which form the basis of its resource base. It is compatible with all spheres of the economy and types of human activity, its discreteness and differentiation are able to create a difference in potentials of the recreational environment, causing people to need to change places and cognition.
Keywords: tourism, infrastructure, attraction, development, system, convenience, foreign, country, economy, investment, tourists, electronic visa.
СТРАТЕГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ Кодирова Д.С.
Кодирова Дилдора Сабирджановна — ассистент, кафедра истории Узбекистана, строительный факультет, Ферганский политехнический институт, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: данная статья рассматривает вопросы развития туризма в Узбекистане. Автор статьи считает, что за последние годы было проведено много реформ, направленных на оптимизацию туристического сектора в Узбекистане. Туризм представляет собой отрасль, которая способна оказать активное влияние на хозяйство страны или региона. С помощью туризма осуществляется создание новых рабочих мест, происходит освоение новых районов и ускоренное развитие национальной экономики. Туризм может выступать в качестве механизма перераспределения национального дохода в пользу государства, которое на нём специализируется. Также туризм считается мультипликатором роста национального дохода, обеспечивая развитие местной инфраструктуры и занятости, а также увеличивая уровень жизни местного населения. Туризм можно охарактеризовать высокой эффективностью и быстрой окупаемостью инвестиционных вложений. Особенность туризма заключается в том, что он является эффективным средством охраны природного и культурного наследия, составляющих основу его ресурсной базы. Он совместим со всеми сферами хозяйства и видами человеческой деятельности, его дискретность и дифференциация способны создать разность потенциалов рекреационной среды, вызывающие потребность людей к перемене мест и познанию.
Ключевые слова: туризм, инфраструктура, привлечение, развитие, система, удобство, иностранный, страна, экономика, инвестиции, туристы, электронная виза.
УДК 330.341
Tourism is an industry that can actively influence the economy of a country or region. With the help of tourism, new jobs are being created, new regions are being developed and the national economy is being accelerated. Tourism can act as a mechanism for redistributing national income in favor of the state, which specializes in it. Tourism is also considered a multiplier of the growth of national income, ensuring the development of local infrastructure and employment, as well as increasing the standard of living of the local population. Tourism can be characterized by high efficiency and quick return on investment.
The peculiarity of tourism lies in the fact that it is an effective means of protecting the natural and cultural heritage, which form the basis of its resource base. It is compatible with all spheres of the economy and types of human activity, its discreteness and differentiation are able to create a difference in potentials of the recreational environment, causing people to need to change places and cognition. In addition to
biological needs, a developed society has a large number of other needs and desires, including the need for travel. Meeting the needs of tourism involves the release of tourism services and products, which in turn has an impact on the development of production activities and the resource base.
Nowadays tourism has become one of the leading sectors of the global economy. In this regard, Uzbekistan pays special attention to the modernization of the tourism industry, the development and improvement of the regulatory framework for the sustainable development of the industry, and the organization of services for foreign guests in accordance with international standards. During the years of independence, Uzbekistan has made a significant breakthrough in this area, along with the preservation and enhancement of the historical and cultural heritage of the people, the revival of national traditions and customs, the restoration and arrangement of the sights of the republic.
An important milestone in the annals of domestic tourism was the entry of the republic in 1993 into the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). In cooperation with it, in 1994, 19 countries adopted the Samarkand Declaration on Tourism along the Silk Road. In 1999, the Khiva Declaration on Tourism and the Preservation of Cultural Heritage was adopted, supported by UNWTO, UNESCO and the Council of Europe. In 2002, the Bukhara Declaration on Tourism along the Silk Road, which emphasizes the benefits of sustainable tourism and identifies concrete steps to stimulate cultural and ecological tourism in this direction. Moreover, in recognition of the special place of the republic in the world tourism industry, the UNWTO regional office was opened in 2004 in Samarkand to coordinate the development of tourism on the Silk Road. It should be noted that such an office exists in only two countries - in Japan and Uzbekistan. Its main function is to identify areas in the development of not only regional, but also international tourism [1].
An official Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures for the further development of the tourism sector" was adopted in order to increase the effectiveness of ongoing reforms in the field of tourism and increase dramatically the number of foreign citizens entering the country by solving the existing problems of tourism infrastructure, improving the quality of services and promoting actively the national tourism product in world markets, strengthening the human resources of the tourism industry, as well as in accordance with the main areas of the Concept of development of the tourism sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2019-2025 on August 12, 2019.
According to the Presidential Decree, the proposal of the Ministry of Transport and the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the development of tourism from October 1, 2019 has been approved in accordance with the international legal standards of the Open Skies regime at Karshi, Nukus and Termez international airports using the "fifth freedom" air , as well as Bukhara with the application of the "fifth air freedom" in transporting citizens of foreign countries.
The first and one of the most important areas is the improvement of the legislative framework and the implementation of international norms and standards, taking into account the experience gained last year, as well as the achievements of other countries.
As a result of the taken measures, more than 3 million foreign tourists visited Uzbekistan in the first 6 months of 2019, which exceeds the indicator of 2017 for the same period, more than 4.2 thousand hotel beds were created, which is 3.8 times more compared to the same period of the last year.
To promote the country's tourism brand, active work is being carried out in the diplomatic departments of Uzbekistan in different countries. In particular, the ambassadors were instructed to coordinate work and help attract tourists to the country, in addition, a special tourist ombudsman may appear in Russia before the end of the year, which is designed to strengthen ties between countries and facilitate more active visits to Uzbek cities by Russians.
In Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Urgench there are national schools for the training of guides. Guides are trained annually in continuing education courses and pass certification every three years. Candidates with higher education are accepted for preparatory courses. The course program is developed in accordance with international standards [2].
References / Список литературы
1. Khusenova M.G., Rakhmonov Sh.Sh. The development of ecologic tourism // European science, 2018. № 2 (34). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-development-of-ecologic-tourism/ (date of access: 14.11.2019).
2. Karakulov N.M., Amanbayeva Z.A., Sultanova N.B., Xidirov M.Sh. DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN // European science review, 2019. № 1-2. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/development-of-tourism-in-uzbekistan/ (date of access: 14.11.2019).
