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Urunov Sh.J. student
Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute AMIR TEMUR'S MARCH TO THE LAND OF MIRACLES
Annotation. This article discusses the journey of Sahibkiran Amir Temur to India, the land of miracles.
Keywords: Timurid princes, "Turkish matter", India and China, trade, horse, camel, clothes, taffeta, endowment, mudarris, "morphils".
At the end of the 14th century, as a result of the rise of the young Ottoman state and its control of the straits connecting the Aegean and Black seas, the roads leading to Central Asia and the Far East were closed for Westerners. In this way, the "Turkish question" arose for the Western countries. Without solving it, it was impossible to go to India and China. According to Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi, Amir Temur took many measures to preserve these sources for history, which objectively covered the events and incidents. In some cases, he even clarified a lot of information through correspondence, by sending ambassadors to other rulers. Some of Amir Temur's marches were regularly recorded. For example, the diary of his journey to India in 1398-1399 was kept by Qaziul Kuzzot Nasriddin Umar. But as mentioned in the previous pages, Amir Temur was not satisfied with the daily listing of the events in this work, and he entrusted Ghiyaziddin Ali Yazdi to describe the march in detail.
The tsar stipulated that the diary "must be written fluently in a natural, understandable style." But Ghiyaziddin, who was more occupied with religious sciences, did not succeed in this task. That is why the ruler did not accept his book Roznomayi Ghazavot India, which he wrote in 1399. Dissatisfied with the works of the above-mentioned authors, Amir Temur commissioned Nizamiddin Shami, a scientist from Tabriz, to write his detailed history. Nizamuddin met the ruler in the summer of 1393 when Baghdad was captured. In 1402, he began to write his history in detail under the command of Amir Temur, and finished it in March 1404 under the name "Zafarnama". A great battle took place between the king of India and Temurbek in Delhi, one of the main cities of India. In this battle, the king of India brought a huge army and fifty fighting elephants. In our country, these elephants are called "morphils". In the first battle, the king of India won over Temurbek because of these elephants. The next day, he fought again. Before the battle, Temurbek ordered his soldiers to bring many camels and tie them with straws. As soon as the battle started, special camels were sent to fight the elephants, and when they approached the elephants, they set fire to the straw on the camels. When the elephants saw the burning camels, they all ran in all directions. It is said that the elephants were very afraid of fire because of their small eyes. In this way, Temurbek won over India and took possession of the
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neighboring lands with the ceremony of Samarkand. Most of India's land was barren, but the sugarcane and rural areas were fertile. Defeated by the Indian team, his soldiers immediately fled and gathered there, but Temurbek did not wait with his soldiers. went to fight. The Indian government did not fight Temurbek. At that time, his grandson Pirmukhammad occupies these lands, which were included in the support, up to the city of Ormuza.
The inhabitants of India were Christians, their king and themselves similar to the Greeks in their faith, and there were other Christians, Moors and Hindus among them. Sahibkiran, who cared a lot about the city of Samarkand, started a new construction. Various goods are brought to Samarkand every year from China, India, Tataristan (Dashti Kipchak) and other countries. All kinds of nuts and flowers were brought to this city from India. There were no such wonderful things in Alexandria. Among other things, he conquered the city of Delhi in India and subjugated its king, then marched westward and conquered all the lands up to Constantinople.
References:
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6. Jamshidovich, U. S. (2023). YOUTH YEARS OF THE GREAT AMIR TEMUR. Research Focus, 2(2), 78-80.
7. Jamshidovich, Urunov Shoxijahon. "TARIXNAVIS VA ADIB IBN ARABSHOHNING HAYOT YO 'LLARI." IQRO JURNALI 2.1 (2023): 22-23.
8. Shokhijakhon, Urunov. "THE END AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WARS." Yangi O 'zbekiston ustozlari 1.6 (2023): 50-51.
9. Урунов, Шохижахон Джамшидович. "САМЫЙ КРАСИВЫЙ ДВОРЕЦ БУХАРЫ." Talqin va tadqiqotlar ilmiy-uslubiyjurnali 5.Special issue (2023).
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