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19AKTYOR IJODIDA SO'ZLASHUV MUNOSABATLARINING O'RNI
Xursanoy Umarova
O'zbekiston davlat san'at va madaniyat institutining Farg'ona mintaqaviy filiali
Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada aktyor ijodida so'zlashuv munosabatlarining o'rni haqida hikoya qiluinadi.
Kalit so'zlar: Talaffuz, nutq, hatti-harakat, ovoz, urg'u.
THE ROLE OF CONVERSATIONAL RELATIONS IN ACTOR'S WORK
Khursanoy Umarova
Fergana regional branch of Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture
Abstract: This article discusses the role of conversational relationships in an actor's work.
Keywords: pronunciation, speech, gesture, voice, stress.
So'zlashuv munosabati organik jarayon bo'lgani uchun aktyor oldiga nutq madaniyati jihatidan bir qator talablar qo'yadi. Yaxshi tarbiyalangan, sayqallangan ovoz, aniq talaffuz, til va uning qonuniyatlarini yaxshi o'rganish, bilish xususiyatlari so'zlashuv munosabati jarayonining to'laqonli tashkil topishi uchun yaxshi sharoit yaratsa, ovoz va talaffuzdagi deffekt, kamchilik nutq qonuniyatlarini buzib talaffuz etish nutqqa salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatadi.
Professional musiqachi ham buzuq musiqa asbobida yaxshi musiqa chala olmagani kabi aktyor qanchalar mahoratli bo'lmasin, o'z vaqtida charhlanmagan, tarbiyalanmagan nutq bilan sahnada biron yaxshi natijaga erisholmaydi. Har turli ijod jarayoni: qabul qilish va ta'sir o'tkazish organlarining takomillashuvi, organikaning tashkil topishi va rivojlanishiga yordam beradi. Jismoniy va ruxiy munosabat esa ko'proq nutq jarayonida yaqqolroq namoyon bo'ladi. Aktyorning nutq texnikasi elementlari o'zaro so'zlashuv munosabatining organik qismlari xisoblanadi.
Sahna nutqi qonuniyatlarini o'rganishda talabalar bir azaliy ta'rifga e'tibor bersinlar. Unga ko'ra aktyor ovozi yaxshi charxlangan, tiniq talaffuzga ega va nutq madaniyati talab-qoidalariga to'la javob bera olsa, demak u so'zlashuv munosabatiga tayyor mutaxassis xisoblanadi. Bundan tashqari nutq madaniyati texnikasini ham amaliy tarzda to'laqonli egallash zarur. Ko'pchilik ijodkorlar orasida, agar aktyor organik xatti-xarakatni to'g'ri bajara olish xususiyatiga ega bo'lsa, u xolda qolgani sahnada o'z-o'zidan sodir bo'ladi, degan naql mavjud. Biroq, shuni unutmaslik lozimki, sahnada partnyorga ta'sir o'tkazish uchun avvalo so'zlarni to'liq va barcha til
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qonuniyatlariga muvofiq ravishda talaffuz etishga ham bog'liqdir. Xatti-xarakatning aniq maqsadga yo'naltirilgani, mantiqiyligi esa irod qilinayotgan nutq urg'ulariga ta'sir etib, ovozga va tovushga kerakli sayqal beradi.
Sahnada aniq va to'g'ri tashkil etilgan xatti-harakat aktyorda ham aqlan, ham ma'nan, ham jismoniy tomondan ishonch uyg'otadi. Buning natijasida aktyor sahnada to'laqonli so'zlashuv munosabatini yuzaga keltira oladi. Yaxshi charxlangan ovoz va urg'u nutq madaniyati qonuniyatlarini talabga muvofiq ravishda egallash esa o'z navbatida sahnada aniq va maqsadli hattixarakat qilishga zamin yasaydi va shu bilan birga aktyorni faol xarakatga chorlaydi. Demak, bularning har ikkisi bir-birini to'ldiradi, bir-biriga ko'makdosh vazifasini o'taydi.
Sahna nutqi madaniyati bugungi kun aktyorlik san'atining muhim qirralaridan biri xisoblanadi. Ayniqsa, ko'pchilik aktyorlarimizning saxna nutqini yaxshi bilmasligi, o'zlashtirmaganliga ushbu soxaning muammoli jihatidir. Bugungi kunda teatrlarimizda so'zlar noto'g'ri qurilishi, urg'u ohangalrini muxim so'zga emas, ikkinchi darajali sо'zlarga qо'yish (tо'g'rirog'i sо'zlarning qay biri birinchi, qay biri ikkinchi darajali ekanining farqiga bormaslik) matnning keraksiz joylariga pauza qo'yib so'zlash, so'zlarning oxirini yutib yuborish, talaffuzning tushunarsizligi kabi illatlar afsuski, oddiy xolga aylangan.
Nutq madaniyatini yetarlicha o'rganmaslik natijasida jarangdor, o'z ohangi, ritmiga ega o'zbek tili bugungi kunda yuzaki, soxta ohanga o'z o'rnini bo'shatib bermoqda. Sahna ijodiyotining ajralmas qismi xisoblangan so'z ustida ishlash talablari afsuski, bugun ko'pgina rejissyor va aktyorlar ish kun taritibidan tushirib qoldirilmoqda.
Nutq madaniyatining to'laqonli barcha talablarini o'rgatish aktyorlik mahorati o'qituvchilari zimmasiga yuklatilmagan bo'lsa-da, talaba aktyorlarga nutq madaniyatining aktyor ijodidagi ahamiyatini, o'z ishini endi boshlayotgan aktyorlar ovoz, nutq apparatlarini rivojlantirishlari kerakligini ta'kidlash lozim.
Sahnada so'z bilan ta'sir etmoq, xatti -xarakat qilmoq uchun jarangdor, yaxshi sozlangan ovozga ega bo'lish talab etiladi. Agar aktyor yuksak iste'dod soxibi bo'lib, ovozi zaif bo'lsa, tomosha zalida yaxshi eshitilmasa u xolda uni to'liq mahoratga ega aktyor deya aytolmaymiz. Shuning bilan birgalikda chuqur ma'noga ega fikr va go'zal xissiyotlar saxnada xirillagan, bo'g'iq ovoz orqali ifoda etilishi ham insonning qabul qilish sezgi organlariga erish tuyulishi mumkin. Zero, ovoz aktyor sezgi xissiyotlarini ifodalovchi bosh mezonlaridan biri xisoblanadi. Yosh rejissyor va aktyorlar ongiga avvaldan ma'lum va muhim fikrni, ya'ni aktyor ovozidan shunchaki foydalanish emas (bu xususiyat har bir to'laqonli sog'lom insonning qo'lidan keladi) balki o'z ovozini boshqaruvchi mutaxassis bo'lishi kerak, degan fikrni targ'ib etish, singdirishi maqsadga muvofiq. Mazkur fikr hech bir isbot va dalil talab etmaydi.
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