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Section 2. Geography
Kadirov Murodillo Aslamovich, professor assistant, Samarkand state university, Honorary academician of Academy of Science "Turan" (Uzbekistan) Sherkholov Olim Iskandarovich, researcher,
Samarkand state university (Uzbekistan) E-mail: Lutfullobek@mail.ru
AGE COMPOSITION OF POPULATION AND LABOR RESOURCES OF SAMARKAND REGION IN REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: It is noted in the article that it is of great importance to research Samarkand Region population age composition and labor resources. The direct impact of age composition to increment of labor resources is also studied in this article. Also, the issue of employment of the population is considered.
Keywords: Age composition, labor resources, population density, locality of population, children, pensioners.
Introduction. It is important to explore the age composition of the population in the study of social geography, which plays a major role in determining the number of labor resources, the future of their growth, and the proper deployment of productive forces. It also plays an important role in determining the future of non-material production, service, education and other areas. In addition, the study of the age composition of the population is also necessary in order to find out the number of preschool institutions and the number of children who will the first grade of the schools.
Main part of the paper. As in other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in Samarkand Region the majority of the population is young due to the natural population growth. The survey found that from 1979 to 1989 the proportion of children under the age of 4 increased enormously.
The Samarkand Region is a demographic area with its particular characteristics. As noted above, the population growth in the region is largely determined by the high natural growth rate.
The analysis shows that in 1989 the population up to labor force age was over 40%, and according to recent data their proportion dropped to 35.8%. However, the proportion of those who are at work has grown significantly since 1989. The proportion of those who have passed the age of labor has somewhat declined. The population of under labor aged in urban areas, that is the population aged 0-16 differs from those of rural areas in the region, explained as 30% of urban area, and almost 40% of the population not reaching the labor age,
but in the urban areas the percentage of working age and the retired age is higher.
As noted above, the proportion of people in rural areas is under the working age is quite high as the the birth rate according to recent data in 2016 there were 88.600.00 births in the region, of which 62.000.00 thousand were in rural areas. Only the portion of 26.600.00 kids were born in urban area. 88.600.00 kids born in the region compose of45.800.00 boys, and 42.800.00 girls.
Moreover the portion of the above working age population in the region, that is the people over 60, is higher in urban areas rather than in rural areas. There are 674 long-lived persons in the region, that is the people over 100, of which 284 are men, and 390 are women, and 404 of 674 of the long-lived persons live in the city.
As a conclusion we can sum up that the age composition of the region and their territorial location is original peculiar. It is important to consider these characteristics of the population to establish production, to form the location of the population, to predict the number of population from scientific point ofview in the future and to study the composition of the population as well.
Nowadays Samarkand is one of the rapidly developing ancient and modern cities in the world. It has been well known throughout the world with its architectural monuments. The industrial companies located in the city has been reduced in the amount or totally removed to the suburbs in order to protect its unique monuments and nature.
AGE COMPOSITION OF POPULATION AND LABOR RESOURCES OF SAMARKAND REGION IN REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
During soviet period huge industrial companies in the city were renovated and expanded and mostly kept in their own locations. Some of these factories include cotton processing plants, "Red Motor" factory, Locomotive Depot, steel factory, plants of electromechanics, companies for repairing metal ware, asphalt and concrete plants, knitwear factory, cotton training plants and others. These factories and plants had been polluting the nature.
It should be noted that during the soviet union period the social composition of the population was absolutely different. All the regions of the country and half of the population of the republic were of working class people.
After Uzbekistan gained its independence not only the people of Samarkand Region but also the whole republican population's social structure changed. In the last years of the former soviet union the social composition of the republic included 25% of the educated, 55% ofworkers, 20% peasants.
The working class density was higher in Samarkand Region in the early years of independence period, and as the years passed by and by closing down the factories and industrial plants this number decreased, small-scale business and entrepreneurship, service sector developed.
As we know labor resources are considered and defined to have the ability to work according to social and cultural capacities of the population. Generally, in accordance with the attitude of the population to labor it is divided into three groups:
1) those, who haven't reached the working age;
Table 1. - Population and labor res
2) working age class;
3) those, who passed the working age;
According to international standard labor resources include the ages from 15 to 65 in the countries worldwide. In Uzbekistan the men are considered as working capable population from the age of 16 to 60, and women - from the age of 16 to 55.
The labor resources in the Republic, including the Samarkand region, are effected with direct impact by the birth and natural growth rates of the population, the age structure of the population, and the population's migration. Due to the high birth and natural growth rates in the region the share of children under the age of 14 is high.
The studies show that according to the data of the year 1989 47,1% of the population of the region included people with working capability. And in accordance with the data of 2015 the regional labor resources density include 57,6%.
The reason for such a major change is that the share of labor force, as mentioned above, influenced by the birth rates and natural growth rates of the population. In 1989, the birth rate was 33.1%, and the natural reproduction was 27.4%, and now these figures are 25.2%o and 20.4%o respectively. This is the evidence that the birth rate and the decline in natural growth have also increased the proportion of able-bodied population.
These changes are also observed in all urban and rural
areas in Samarkand region.
rces of Samarkand Region (2014)
№ City and regions Population, thousand people Labor resources (%) Employment of the labor resources (%)
1. Samarkand Region 3480.2 57,6 70
2. Samarkand City 511.2 71 79
3. Kattakurgan City 82.6 70 75
Regions
1. Bulunghur 166.1 47 73
2. Djambay 150.2 53 74
3. Ishtikhan 225.0 48 68
4. Kattakurgan 244.2 53 73
5. Narpay 192.1 54 69
6. Nurobod 134.4 51 72
7. Akdarya 142.1 62 60
8. Payarik 223.2 56 67
9. Pastdargam 315.1 53 64
10. Pakhtachi 131.0 62 69
11. Samarkand 225.6 77 62
12. Taylak 177.8 54 64
13. Urgut 443.2 50 69
14. Kushrabat 116.4 53 66
Source: samstat.uz.
In recent years, 71% of the population of Samarkand city and 70% of the population of Kattakurgan city are the people at the age of working class. There are also differences among rural areas. For example, the labor resources density in Samarkand Region is in the first place. This index makes 77%. The next place gets Akdarya and Pakhtachi with 62%. The other regions have the index of 52% for the people with working capability.
Conclusion. Although 57.6% of Samarkand Region population is working capable not all of them are employed. The population of the cities and districts of the region also constitute the majority of non-economically active population. Employed population in the region makes 70%, in Samarkand city it is 79%, and in Kattakurgan city it makes 75% respectively. There is also a different level of employment among the rural districts. The districts of Bulunghur, Djambay, Kattakurgan and Nurabad have the high level of employment, with approximate percentage of 73, and the rest districts make average of 65% in this respect. Increase in
the number of small joint ventures in the districts has a direct impact to such differences in the employment rate. The working manufacturing companies in Bulunghur, Djambay and Kattakurgan districts, as well as the health recreation centers in Nurabad district have provided employment for the population.
Thus the study of Samarkand Region labor resources show the existance of the following problems:
1. Improving the socio-economic well-being of the population taking into account the rapid population growth and population employment of the region.
2. In order to provide employment we need the followings:
a) Further development of small and medium business;
b) Establishing more companies;
c) Further improvement of service sector for population;
d) Improvement of tourism in Samarkand Region;
3. Keeping clean air and environment in the city of Samarkand and etc...
References:
1. Anokhin A. A., Djitin D. V. Geography of the population with the basics of demography. - Saint Petersburg. 2013.- 160 p.
2. Kadirov M. A. Population geography of Samarkand Region. - Samarkand. SamSU. 2017.- 142 p.
3. Saliev A., Makhamadaliev R. Fundamentals of economic geography. - T.: Uzbekistan. 1996.- 69 p.
4. Samstat.uz. Statistics Department of Samarkand region.
