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51_© Амурский зоологический журнал III(3), 2011.265-267_
УДК 595.768.24 © Amurian zoological journal III(3), 2011.265-267
A STUDY OF THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF SCOLYTIDAE (COLEOPTERA) OF NORTH AND
NORTHWESTERN IRAN
N. Samin1, H. Sakenin2, J. Rastegar3
[Самин Н., Сакенин Х., Растегар Дж. О видовом составе короедов (Scolytidae, Coleoptera) Северного и Северо-Западного Ирана]
'Young Researchers Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: n_samin63@yahoo.com 'Клуб молодых исследователей, научно-исследовательское отделение, Открытый Исламский университет, г Тегеран, Иран. E-mail: n_samin63@yahoo.com
2Department of Plant Protection, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran. E-mail: hchelave@yahoo.com 2Кафедра защиты растений, Каэмшехрское отделение, Открытый Исламский университет, г. Каэмшехр, провинция Мазенде-ран, Иран. E-mail: hchelave@yahoo.com
3Department of Entomology, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.
3Кафедра энтомологии, Гармсарское отделение, Открытый Исламский университет, г. Гармсар, провинция Семнан, Иран. Key words: Coleoptera, Scolytidae, fauna, hostplants, Iran
Ключевые слова: жесткокрътые, Coleoptera, Scolytidae, фауна, кормовые растения, Иран
Summary. The fauna of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from north and northwestern Iran is studied in this paper. A total 49 species from 24 genera were collected. Of these six species: Carphoborus pini Eichhoff, 1881, Crypturgus numidicus Ferrari, 1867, Ernopocerus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1876), Hylurgopspalliatus (Gyllenhal, 1813), Phloeophthorus brevicollis (Kolenati, 1846), Pteleobius vittatus (Fabricius, 1787) are new records for Iranian fauna. Data on hostplants are provided for most species.
Резюме. Работа посвящена фауне жуков семейства Scolytidae (Coleoptera) северного и северо-западного Ирана. Всего обнаружено 49 видов из 24 родов. 6 видов: Carphoborus pini Eichhoff, 1881, Crypturgus numidicus Ferrari, 1867, Ernopocerus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1876), Hylurgops palliatus (Gyllenhal, 1813), Phloeophthorus brevicollis (Kolenati, 1846), Pteleobius vittatus (Fabricius, 1787) впервые приводятся для фауны Ирана. Для большинства видов указаны кормовые растения.
INTRODUCTION
Scolytidae is the family of beetles of the superfamily Curculionoidea. This very specialized group is adapted to the life within substrate. Economic importance of this group attracts special attention to the study of their species composition and ecology [May, 1994; Legalov, 2006; Oberprieler et al., 2007; Legalov et al. 2010].
In a managed forest, the amount of dead wood is significantly lower than in a natural forest both at the stand and landscape level. According to e.g. Siitonen et al. [2000], the volume of dead wood in an old natural spruce forest can be almost tenfold compared with an old managed forest [Linder, Ostlund, 1992]. As a tree starts to senesce, various decomposing organisms, including insects and fungi, begin to colonize such resources. Bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) are among the first insect groups to attack a dead or weakened tree. Most of the species that have benefited from modern forestry are capable of reproducing in logging slash or timber storage sites and benefit of the warm climate of the clearings [Nuorteva, 1968; Campbell, Liegel, 1996]. Most bark beetle species are harmless to healthy living trees, but some, notably the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.), can attack and kill healthy trees. Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) can also attack and kill trees, but it does not seem to threaten healthy trees [Hedgren, 2004]. Usually the abundance of I. typographus is low and the beetles only attack dead or weakened trees under stress from e.g. drought or fungi [Anderbrant et al., 1988].
The fauna of Iranian Scolytidae was poorly studied so far [Modarres Awal, 1997]. The objective of this research is a preliminary study on the scolytids in north and
northwestern Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was conducted in different areas of north and northwestern Iran, including 6 provinces (Ardabil, East Azarbaijan, Golestan, Guilan, Mazandaran and West Azarbaijan) during the years 2004-2008. The trap logs were prepared as 2-3 m in length and 10-20 cm in diameter and placed inside the forests to collect scolytid beetles in spring and summer. Trap logs were checked every 15-20 days and were brought into the laboratory and kept under constant conditions. The emerged adults were killed with ethyl acetate. In addition, several insect collections of different universities in Iran were checked and their data are used in this paper.
RESULTS
Totally 49 species of Scolytidae from 24 genera were collected from North and Northwestern Iran. The list of species is presented below.
Genus Carphoborus Eichhoff, 1864 Carphoborus minimus (Fabricius, 1798) Material: East Azarbaijan province: Tabriz, 3 specimens, on Cedrus libani, April 2007. Carphoborus pini Eichhoff, 1881 Material: West Azarbayjan province: Khoy, 1 specimen, on Pinus pinea, July 2005. New record for Iran.
Genus Chaetoptelius Fuchs, 1913 Chaetoptelius vestitus (Rey, 1860) Material: Guilan province: Astara, 2 specimens, July 2006.
Genus Crypturgus Erichson, 1836 Crypturgus cinereus (Herbst, 1793) Material: Ardabil province: Ardabil, 1 specimen, on Picea orientalis, September 2006. East Azarbaijan province: Maragheh, 2 specimens, on Cedrus libani, July 2007. Crypturgus dubius Eichhoff, 1871 Material: Guilan province: Rasht, 3 specimens, on Pinus sylvestris, August 2008. Crypturgus numidicus Ferrari, 1867 Material: Golestan province: National Park, 2 specimens, on Pinuspinea, March 2004. New record for Iran.
Genus Dryocoetes Eichhoff, 1864 Dryocoetes alni (Georg, 1856)
Material: West Azarbayjan province: Ourmieh, 2 specimens, July 2005.
Dryocoetes villosus (Fabricius, 1792)
Material: Mazandaran province: Savadkooh, 4 specimens,
April 2008.
Genus Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949 Ernopocerus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1876) Material: West Azarbayjan province: Khoy, 1 specimen, July 2005. New record for Iran.
Genus Hylastes Erichson, 1836 Hylastes angustatus (Herbst, 1793) Material: East Azarbayjan province: Arasbaran, 4 specimens, on Picea orientalis, August 2007. Hylastes attenuatus Erichson, 1836 Material: Golestan province: National Park, 5 specimens, on Pinus brutia, March 2004. Hylastes brunneus Erichson, 1836 Material: West Azarbaijan province: Oshnavieh, 3 specimens, on Pinus nigra, July 2004.
Genus Hylesinus Fabricius, 1801 Hylesinus crenatus (Fabricius, 1787) Material: Ardabil province: Germy, 4 specimens, September 2007.
Genus Hylurgops LeConte, 1876 Hylurgops glabratus (Zetterstedt, 1828) Material: Mazandaran province: Qaemshahr, 2 specimens, on Abies nordmanniana, March 2006. Hylurgopspalliatus (Gyllenhal, 1813) Material: Guilan province: Lahijan, 1 specimen, on Pinus pinea, March 2008. New record for Iran.
Genus Ips De Geer, 1775 Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827) Material: West Azarbayjan province: Mako, 3 specimens, on Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmuelleriana, September 2005.
Ips mannsfeldi (Wachtl, 1879)
Material: East Azarbaijan province: Arasbaran, 2 specimens, on Pinus brutia, August 2007.
Genus Kissophagus Chapuis, 1869 Kissophagus hederae (Schmidt, 1843) Material: East Azarbayjan province: Arasbaran, 3 specimens, August 2007.
Genus Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 Orthotomicus laricis (Fabricius, 1792) Material: West Azarbayjan province: Mako, 2 specimens, on Pinus nigra, September 2005.
Orthotomicusproximus (Eichhoff, 1867)
Material: East Azarbaijan province: Tabriz, 3 specimens,
on Cedrus libani, April 2007.
Orthotomicus suturalis (Gyllenhal, 1827)
Material: Guilan province: Roodbar, 1 specimen, on Pinus
sylvestris, June 2007.
Genus Phloeophthorus Wollaston, 1854 Phloeophthorus brevicollis (Kolenati, 1846) Material: Mazandaran province: Ramsar, 1 specimen, on Olea europaea, August 2004. New record for Iran. Phloeophthorus rhododactylus (Marsham, 1802) Material: West Azarbayjan province: Piranshahr, 2 specimens, on Ficus carica, June 2005.
Genus Phloeosinus Chapuis, 1869 Phloeosinus armatus Reitter, 1887 Material: East Azarbaijan province: Arasbaran, 4 specimens, on Cupressus sempervirens, August 2007. Phloeosinus cedri Brisout de Barneville, 1883 Material: Mazandaran province: Behshahr, 2 specimens, on Cedrus libani, August 2007.
Genus Phloeotribus Latreille, 1796 Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard, 1788) Material: Ardabil province: Meshkinshahr, 3 specimens, on Pinus nigra, June 2006.
Genus Pityogenes Bedel, 1888 Pityogenes bidentatus (Herbst, 1784) Material: West Azarbayjan province: Mako, 2 specimens, on Picea orientalis, September 2005. Pityogenes calcaratus (Eichhoff, 1878) Material: East Azarbaijan province: Maragheh, 3 specimens, on Pinus brutia, June 2007. Pityogenes irkutensis Eggers, 1910 Material: Guilan province: Astara, 2 specimens, on Pinus sylvestris, July 2006. Pityogenes quadridens (Hartig, 1834) Material: Mazandaran province: Sari, 4 specimens, on Picea orientalis, August 2007.
Genus Pityokteines Fuchs, 1911 Pityokteines curvidens (Germar, 1824) Material: East Azarbayjan province: Arasbaran, 2 specimens, August 2007.
Genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff, 1864 Pityophthorus micrographus (Linnaeus, 1758) Material: West Azarbayjan province: Ourmieh, 2 specimens, June 2005.
Genus Pteleobius Bedel, 1888 Pteleobius kraatzi (Eichhoff, 1864) Material: West Azarbayjan province: Ourmieh, 2 specimens, August 2005.
Pteleobius vittatus (Fabricius, 1787)
Material: Mazandaran province: Savadkooh, 1 specimen,
April 2008. New record for Iran.
Genus Scolytus Geoffroy, 1762 Scolytus amygdali Guerin, 1847
Material: Mazandaran province: Ramsar, 6 specimens, on
Pyrus sp., August 2004.
Scolytus intricatus (Ratzeburg, 1837)
Material: East Azarbaijan province: Arasbaran, 7 specimens,
on Quercus frainetto, August 2007.
Scolytus kirschi Skalitzky, 1876
Material: West Azarbaijan province: Ourmieh, 2 specimens, on Fagus sylvatica, July 2005. Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham, 1802) Material: Guilan province: Rasht, 1 specimen, on Ulmus sp., August 2008.
Scolytus pygmaeus (Fabricius, 1787)
Material: Golestan province: Gonbad, 1 specimen, on Ulmus
minor, March 2004.
Scolytus rugulosus (Müller, 1818)
Material: West Azarbaijan province: Piranshahr, 3 specimens,
on Prunus domestica, June 2005.
Genus Taphrorychus Eichhoff, 1878 Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst, 1793) Material: East Azarbayjan province: Maragheh, 3 specimens, on Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis, June 2007. Taphrorychus ramicola (Reitter, 1894) Material: Golestan province: Gorgan, 2 specimens, on Corylus avellana, March 2004.
Genus Thamnurgus Eichhoff, 1864 Thamnurgus caucasicus Reitter, 1887 Material: Golestan province: Gorgan, 1 specimen, March 2004.
Thamnurgus delphinii (Rosenhauer, 1856)
Material: Ardabil province: Meshkinshahr, 2 specimens,
June 2006.
Thamnurgus varipes Eichhoff, 1878
Material: East Azarbayjan province: Maragheh, 4 specimens,
June 2007.
Genus Tomicus Latreille, 1802 Tomicus destruens (Wollaston, 1865) Material: Golestan province: National Park, 4 specimens, March 2004.
Genus Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864 Xyleborus dispar (Fabricius, 1792) Material: Golestan province: Gorgan, 3 specimens, on Corylus avellana, March 2004. Mazandaran province: Sari, 2 specimens, on Populus nigra, August 2007. Guilan province: Lahijan, 1 specimen, on Carpinus betulus, March 2008.
Xyleborus eurygraphus (Ratzeburg, 1837)
Material: East Azarbaijan province: Arasbaran, 2 specimens,
on Pinus brutia, August 2007.
Genus Xyloterus Erichson, 1836 Xyloterus lineatus (Olivier, 1795)
Material: West Azarbayjan province: Piranshahr, 1 specimen, June 2005.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are indebted to Dr. A. Legalov (Siberian Zoological Museum) and Dr. B. Jordal (University of
Bergen, Norway) for editing the manuscript. The research
was supported by Islamic Azad University (Qaemshahr,
Tehran Science & Research and Garmsar Branches).
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