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УДК 374
Dehqonov A. V. assistant teacher department of social sciences
NECI
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF TEACHING HISTORY?
Abstract: This article analyzes some of the problems of teaching history.
Key words: history, social sciences, education system, method.
In great history, nothing goes unnoticed. It is preserved in the blood of nations, in their historical memory, and is manifested in their practical work. That is why he is powerful. Preservation, study and transmission of historical heritage from generation to generation is one of the most important priorities of
our state policy36.
Sh.Mirziyoev
History is the great memory of humanity. It embodies the spirituality, culture and deeds of the ancestors. It is impossible to step into the future without history. The information, conclusions, and sense of pride derived from it are the source of a sure step into the future in mankind.
Almost every speech, article and pamphlet of the President emphasizes that raising pride and honor based on historical memory is one of the key factors in preserving national identity. As a clear example of this, we can cite the views of Sh. Mirziyoyev at a meeting with activists of the newly formed Kokdala district on April 21 this year in Kashkadarya region. At the beginning of the President's speech, the great commander said that he had read about the great victory of our ancestor Amir Temur in the historic battle with Tokhtamishkhan, and that he had never heard of this battle before. At the end of his speech, he said, "Why don't we study the history of our great ancestors well? For many years, the history of others and the victories of others were imprinted on our brains. I instructed the officials - first of all, we need to study the history of our ancestors"37.
If we honestly analyze these views of Shavkat Mirziyoyev as an expert historian and educator, we will have to accept them as a very reasonable and painful claim. Because we can see that the topics and information about our national history, which is taught to our children and youth in our schools, colleges and universities, are mainly simply a set of informative and historical
36 Mirziyoev Sh. Speech at the opening ceremony of the 43rd session of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. October 18, 2016.
37 https://aniq.uz/yangiliklar/prezident-amir-temurning-jang-mahorati-haqida-gapirdi
data. Therefore, the interest of today's younger generation in the study of our national history does not satisfy us. In fact, we did not write a history that would interest them, that would give them spiritual strength and national pride..
However, "what is the purpose of teaching history??"
Let us now look for the answer to this question above. Page 4 of the 5th grade textbook, Stories from History, published in 2020, addresses students: "When the world's violent forces seek to subjugate a nation, they first try to deprive it of its highest value, its language, history, and spirituality. Our past history bears witness to this. In order not to be mute to anyone, you need to know the history of your homeland. It is no coincidence that the first President Islam Karimov said in his book "High spirituality is an invincible force": "There is no future for a nation that does not know its history and forgets its past." This wise word encourages you to deeply understand not only the long history of our country, but also the history of yesterday. The past of our country is great, and its future is undoubtedly great. You will learn what the greatness of the past is and what great creative work is being done on the path to the greatness of the future by studying the science of history step by step. We think that this call can be a complete answer to the question we are considering above. That is, in order not to be dependent on someone, one must first study history carefully. But, what percentage of 5th graders knew this? How many of them read the introductory part of the textbook? How many of them realized that not knowing their history was the primary reason for becoming dependent on someone? Of course, finding answers to these questions may seem trivial at first glance. As ignorance of history gradually leads to dependence, loss of independence, muteness in violence, in other words, instability of our national security, then the importance of finding answers to these questions becomes "necessary". At present, educational systems at all levels have developed educational processes for our children to thoroughly study the history of their homeland, allocated class hours, provided textbooks, visual aids and qualified personnel. If this issue, which is related to the stability of our national security, is organized satisfactorily, where did the sad young people come from who do not even recognize the picture of Cholpon, Fitrat and Qadiri on the wall? who proudly wears the symbol of the "Immortal Regiment" who massacred his grandparents and raped his grandmothers, and even called himself "Dilya", "Gulya", "Zulya", "Misha" or "Borya" instead of saying his name in his own language. Who are they which is said "It would be easier for us to go and work there if we were invaded by Britain or Germany, not Russia."
To what extent have we been able to shed light on the history in which we teach our children today, the information that shapes and develops national pride in their hearts? Isn't the reason why our young people are not interested in studying the history of their homeland that we have filled it with information about the marches of empires that invaded our territory and the terrible consequences of the revolts of our oppressed people against them? Perhaps the
people of Axi, the capital of the Dovan state, did not surrender despite repeated attacks by the Chinese with thousands of troops, and the Chinese agreed to a truce. We can give fundamental information about Vima and Kanishka and their skills in governing the country, or about the commanders of the Turkish Khanate, who united the largest territory in the early Middle Ages, or about the warriors who brought the throne of Movarounnahr from the Mongols to Amir Temur, and so on. if we shed light on the national spirit, perhaps the attitude of young people to the study of our history will change. It is concluded that the quality of education in any field in the country is high. In particular, today there is a development in the field of teaching foreign languages and information technologies. Because under the leadership of the head of state, great attention is paid to these areas. This is a very good reform. After all, today the world demands it. However, a thorough study of a foreign language allows for a wider use of foreign information in that language as well. We know that the more education is taught in a language, the more the sympathy for the culture of that nation will gradually increase. Unfortunately, concepts and vices that are completely contrary to our national values are now accepted as mass normal values in many developed foreign countries. Moreover, these "values" are actively promoted in foreign languages around the world. A foreign linguist who does not have the necessary national spirit, national identity and ideological immunity is becoming a victim of "popular culture" and, unfortunately, the number of victims is constantly growing at the expense of our compatriots. Because we see the proof on social media. As long as we do not stay away from globalization, if we do not control the Internet, social networks and the flow of harmful information, then there is no guarantee that in time there will be no color revolutions in our holy land. Today, given the fact that developing countries, which are deeper than us in globalization and still develop without losing their national identity, are forcibly propagating their national values and history at great expense, teaching on the basis of the latest educational technologies, we have a lesson in history and national ideas. we can see that the hours are getting shorter and shorter.
Unfortunately, we are losing our youth day by day, we are moving away from ourselves, from ourselves. Because today more and more of our young people studying a foreign language than those who intend to benefit our country in the future with this knowledge, go abroad and aim to live there permanently. Most of the young people who think this way are students. So, with the money we spend on the higher education system, we are training specialists in foreign countries. How do we benefit from this? Can the funds deducted by shortening the history lessons be replaced by the funds provided by these specialists or the funds spent on maintaining the stability of our security?
From the above considerations, history shows that there is a problem in the education system and that the necessary reforms are urgently needed. In our
opinion, the following suggestions can serve to further increase the quality of teaching history and the interest of the population in the study of our history.
1. The topics in history textbooks and textbooks taught in educational institutions at all levels and their text should be renamed, placed and written in terms of raising the national spirit, and teaching hours should be significantly increased.
2. Competitions to encourage the study of more than 100,000 volumes of rare manuscripts kept at the Institute of Oriental Studies, the introduction of state grants, the organization of activities to support the field.
3. "It is necessary to organize a republican contest "Knowledge of the history of Uzbekistan." We have seen that the President pays special attention to the development of reading in society at the level of state policy. As a result, the interest and attention to reading among the population, especially among young people, has increased significantly. It is advisable to introduce this experience in the study of history as well. In other words, we can change the attitude of our youth and our people to the study of our history by encouraging scholars of our national history throughout the country..
4. It is necessary to take measures to provide historical and scientific solutions to the issues that have caused a lot of controversy and debate among our people. Whether Amir Temur was a Mongol or an Uzbek, whether Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur was born in Andijan or Akhsikent, whether Akhsikent was destroyed by a Mongol invasion or an earthquake, whether Madaminbek and Shermuhammadbek were leaders or oppressors of the national liberation movement, whether Arabs invaded Central Asia or not.
5. It is time to take measures to strengthen the requirements for the content, scientificity, historicity and effectiveness of scientific research in the field of history and to increase their interest in thorough and thorough historical research by allocating special grants for researchers in history.
References:
1. Mirziyoev Sh.M. Speech at the opening ceremony of the 43rd session of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. October 18, 2016
2. Jo'raev U. and others. Stories from history. 5th grade textbook. 3rd edition. Tashkent. 2020.
3. AzonTV show "Analysis". Don't touch history in education! http s: //www.youtube. com/watch?v=Xrw6TREY8Bo
