0WALTER SCOTT - A FOUNDER OF A GENRE OF A HISTORICAL NOVEL IN ENGLISH LITERATURE
Xilola Baxtiyor qizi Berdiyorova
Chirchik state pedagogical university Bachelor degree student
Nasiba Komil qizi Jumaeva
English teacher, Chirchik state peagogical university nasibajumayeval @gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This article talks about the life and work of the world-famous English writer Walter Scott, his role in English critical realism literature, and the author's interest in the national past and folklore, which laid the foundation for the historical novel genre in European literature.
Keywords: historical novel, Walter Scott ,Romanticism, English literature,
genre.
INTRODUCTION
Romanticism (French romanticisme) - the first half of the 18th century - a trend that appeared in the literature and art of Europe and America in the 19th century and spread throughout the world. During the period of romanticism, new artistic forms appeared. The historical novel, fantastic story, lyric epic genres, reforms in stage art are the great results of this period. Lyrika experienced its second spring in the same period. New aspects of the meaning of the poetic word were discovered, and the poetic word was enriched with metaphorical means to express feelings and emotions. In poetry, the musical and pictorial beginnings were combined; the rich manifestations of art, philosophy and religion appeared, the process of convergence of art types, harmonizing ordinary and extraordinary events, comedy and tragedy intensified. Propensity to fantasy, comic exaggerations, and explicit formality of the form became factors determining the uniqueness of Romanticism figures in the artistic image. To some extent, England can be considered the ancestral homeland of romanticism. The first bourgeois development there gave birth to the first antibourgeois aspirations typical of the Romantics. Over the past century, English literature has depicted many important features of the romantic worldview: ironic self-regard, anti-rationalism, ideas about "incomprehensible things", striving for
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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"antiquity". The impetus for the emergence of English romanticism was both external and internal events - at this time, the industrial revolution took place in England. LITERARY REVIEW
Scott (Scott) Walter (1771.15.8, Edinburgh - 1832.21.9, Abbotsford) is an English writer, the founder of the historical novel genre. From 1799 he worked as a sheriff in Selkirk County, from 1806 as a court clerk. His first work is "Ivan evening" (romantic ballad, 1800). He collected Scottish folk ballads and published the 3-volume collection "Songs of the Scottish Regions" (1803). S. is the author of 9 epics, 26 novels, several short stories and literary-critical and historical works. Scott's novel "Waverly" (1814), dedicated to the Jacobite uprising, a historical event that took place in England in 1745, brought him great fame. Among S.'s novels, the works "Puritans" (1816) and "Rob Roy" (1-3 volumes, 1818) taken from the life of the Scottish people are particularly important. If the 1st novel describes the rebellion of 1679 against the Stuart dynasty, which returned to the stage of history in 1660, then in "Rob Roy" the image of "Scottish Robin Hood" - the people's avenger - was created. The characters of Waverly and Roy Roy in Scott's novels, although they are considered central characters, actually serve as a bridge connecting different political forces that are fighting each other.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
Three generations of Romantics have changed English literature over the course of nearly half a century. Adults are represented by Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Walter Scott; in the middle - Byron, Shelley, Keats; Carlisle Jr. Internal differences in English romanticism are mainly along socio-political lines, English romantics are distinguished by a unity of aspirations, which puts them in the position of people who always resist the passage of time. Unlike the romantics who longed for the past, with which they had no serial connection, Walter Scott's history is rightly considered a part of national history. In addition, through self-education, he acquired extensive historical and ethnographic knowledge. Scott's legacy is huge: a collection of poems (including his best ballads - "Smalholm Castle", 1802; "Marmion", 1808; "Two Lakes", 1810), 41 volumes of novels and short stories, extensive epistolary heritage. His historical novels are divided into two groups according to the national theme: "Scottish" - the most important are "The Puritans" (1816), Rob Roy (1818) -and "English" (Ivenhoe, 1819; "Kenilworth", 1821, etc). Some novels are based on the history of other countries ("Quentin Dorward", 1823; "Count Robert of Paris", 1832), but in these works, Scott observed the formation of a single national state in England and Scotland and paid great attention to describing the domestic and spiritual life of different layers of society. What distinguishes Scott's novels from the
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"foggy antiquity" of other romantics is concreteness. The author himself emphasized these differences. For example, the epigraph for Rob Roy is from a Wordsworth ballad. But if for the poet this name is a symbol and half a fairy tale, then Scott describes the "old days" in all its details and draws conclusions about it. Scott tried to fully understand the life of the people and through it - the general patterns in the change of time and customs. Scott's works of the 20s, in addition to the novel "St. Ronan's Streams" (1-3 volumes, 1824) in the spirit of critical realism, "The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte" (1-9 volumes, 1827) on historical and historical-literary themes, "History of Scotland" (1-3 volumes), works such as "The Death of Lord Byron" (1825) occupy an important place. Scott also introduced the rules of the historical novel genre. The genre of the historical novel started by Scott developed widely in the literature of European nations in the second half of the 19th century, and in the beginning of the 20th century. Some stories have been translated into Uzbek.
CONCLUSION
In novels about the recent past, the story is presented to the reader more as an oral truth about the events of the past. The writer avoided parallels between the past and the present; the past is not parallel, but superior, the source of modernity. Drawing on the experience of Shakespeare and Defoe, Scott did many things in his own way. Thus, he changed the ratio in the placement of fictional and real characters: the fictional characters are in the first place and occupy most of the story. If Shakespeare followed the plot of the legend, Scott himself created the outline of the story, presenting the legendary characters anew. In other words, the goal was to show "why the people of the past centuries behaved the way they did, not under the pressure of circumstances and political passions." How the characters and situations are created in Scott's historical novels is perceived by the 19th century historical novel.
REFERENCES
1. F.Boynazarov „World literature'', Toshkent-2006.
2. U.Hamdamov, A.Qosimov ,,World literature'', Toshkent-2017
3. Yusupova M.A., Djalilova A.N., Xoshimova D.R., Aminova S.A., „History of English and American Literature'' Chirchiq-2023.
4. Pirson X., Valter Skott, 1983
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