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5Влияние закона городского муниципалитета на коммунальные услуги
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Дилек Дурак
докторант, Кафедра управления, бизнеса и права, Институт социальных наук, Южный федеральный университет (УИБиП), durak.dilek@gmail.com
В соответствии с развитием событий в мире, в Турции меняется парадигма управления. Эффективный, действенный, ориентированный на обслуживание и гражданский подход, подотчетный, прозрачный, основанный на широком участии и децентрализованный подход к управлению стали основными принципами и ценностями инноваций в сфере государственного управления в Турции. В этой статье были рассмотрены причины перехода к новой системе и введенные законом реформы. Наиболее уязвимым для этого закона является деятельность службы. Но для каждой службы ситуация не происходит таким образом. Потому что восприятие нового городского муниципалитета в сельской местности очень низкое. Положения и инновации, внесенные в провинциальную целостность закона городского муниципалитета, недостаточно известны гражданам в сельской местности и испытывают серьезный недостаток восприятия. Исследование завершается анализом положительных и отрицательных оценок Закона № 6360, а также итоговой ситуации всего исследования. В качестве метода сбора данных в исследовании использовалась форма анкетирования. Полученные результаты были интерпретированы с использованием методов скриптового анализа. Полученные результаты сопоставлены с соответствующей литературой. Полученные результаты были прокомментированы и предложены исследователям.
Ключевые Слова: Закон № 6360, городской муниципалитет, управление сельскими районами, деятельность в сфере услуг, муниципальная структура.
INTRODUCTION
The reforms adopted in November 2012 and implemented in the local elections in 2014, with the law no.6360, took part in multiple studies in different aspects. The evaluation of the law on multiple-dimensional impact area has also increased. In order to present this effect, written material, document analysis and information obtained through this method, covering information related to the big city law, have been revealed through qualitative data collection procedure, which is a scanning model intended to compile the information obtained in such a way as to enable detailed investigation of the subject. The Law No. 6360, which is the latest legal amendment to the Turkish Metropolitan Municipality system, and the Metropolitan Municipality system which is formed by this legal amendment are included.
The reasons for the transition to the new system and the reforms introduced by the law have been examined. Positive and negative evaluations of Law No. 6360 and the whole of the situation and the study were analyzed and the study was finalized. With this study, it is aimed to determine whether the Metropolitan Municipality, which was established with the first examples of law 3030 in our country, has an improvement in the quality of services received by the citizens from the Metropolitan Municipality after the law 6360, which includes the new rural areas regulations. From this point of view, it is thought that it will be helpful to determine the advantages of the new law as well as to determine the missing aspects of the reform of local administrations as well as to investigate whether it is maintained to the desired extent. It is important to find a solution to the problems experienced in practice and perception in this area as soon as possible by first making necessary legislation arrangements. The most important result expected from these legal arrangements is that local administrations, which are the closest units to providing services to the public in Turkey, are the units that offer efficient, efficient quality services to the public.
In Bursa, there are 659 villages that return from village to neighborhood with the new Metropolitan Law. Therefore, 659 districts of 17 districts within the boundaries of Bursa constitute the main mass. In June 1987, the Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa was established with the Law No. 3391 passed by the Grand National Assembly and with the new regulation, the city center was divided into three districts as Yildirim, Osmangazi and Nilbfer. However, Bursa passed the status of Metropolitan in 1989, which was the first local elections to follow this date (Ad^bzel, 2012). In 1989, Bursa became the status of Metropolitan Municipality for the first time, and Teoman ^alp, the candidate of the Dopru Yol Parti (DYP), was elected as the first mayor of Metropolitan Municipality (Argun, 2009; 3elikyay, 2014).
Since 2004, in other words, three terms, the mayor of the Metropolitan Municipality has won candidates with AKP. Hikmet Gahin, who was elected president of this party in the 2004 elections, was not elected from the DP in the next elections (Gbl, Batman, 2015). With the Metropolitan Municipality law and the law on the establishment of the Metropolitan Municipality and twenty-six districts in thirteen provinces, which was adopted in November 2012, the boundaries of the Metropolitan Municipality have been expanded with the law on the establishment of the Metropolitan Municipality and the law on the establishment of twenty-six districts and amendments to certain laws and In the current situation, the number of district municipalities in the city has reached 17 ^zci, Turan, 2013).
METHOD OF RESEARCH
The universe of our research is composed of 31 metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, including the provinces which have gained the status of Metropolitan Municipality with the law no.6360 and the metropolitan municipalities in Turkey with the law changing management systems. In the determination of the research sample, a sample was chosen for the purpose of enabling detailed study in cases where it is thought to have a rich knowledge. While the size of the sample chosen to generalize the universe through sampling in quantitative research, the size of the sample may be limited in qualitative research ^slamoplu, 2009).
FINDINGS
In Table 1, the average calculated by gender in the context of garbage collection services was analyzed, and the difference between the average of women and men was found at
Table 1
Analysis of the Evaluation of Municipal Services According to the Gender of the Participants
Seirires Gender 11 X s F P Test Sta. Sd. P
Garbage Collection Services Female 111 20.0 1,21 0,526 0,468 -0,655 1288 0,513
Male 1179 20,8 1,24
Drinking Water Service Female 111 28.1 1.47 4,103 0,043 -0,837 1288 0,403
Male 1179 29,5 1,58
Transportation Services to Villages Female 111 33,6 1,51 0,383 0,536 -0.198 1288 0,843
Male 1179 33,9 1.56
Irrigation Services to Agricultural Areas Female 111 31,6 1.63 1.102 0.294 -,992 1288 0,321
Male 1179 33,2 1.70
Husbandry Female 111 34,86 1,42 ,648 .421 -,164 1288 ,870
Male 1179 35,10 1,48
approximately 0.08%. The calculated F-statistic value is 0.526 and the marginal significance level of this value is 0.486. In other words, the zero hypotheses is not rejected, so it is found that the variance of the two groups is equal. The T-statistic value calculated in the second stage was -0.655 and the marginal significance level was 0.513.
Since zero hypotheses cannot be rejected, it is concluded that the mean of the two groups is not different in the main mass. In other words, both men and women believe that there is an improvement in waste services after the new Metropolitan Municipality law.
In the context of drinking water services, when the gender-based Average was examined, there was a difference between the average of women and men by approximately 1.31 percent. The calculated F-statistic value is 4,103 and the marginal significance level of this value is 0,043. In other words, the zero hypotheses is rejected, so it is found that the variance of the two groups is not equal. The T-statistic value calculated in the second stage was -0.890 and the marginal significance level was 0.375.
When the average calculated by gender was examined in transport services, there was a significant difference between the average of women and men by about 0,31%. The calculated F-statistic value is 0,383 and the marginal significance level of this value is 0,536. In other words, the zero hypotheses is not rejected, so it is found that the variance of the two groups is equal. The T-statistic value calculated in the second stage was -0.8198 and the marginal significance level was 0.843.
Since zero hypotheses cannot be rejected, it is concluded that the mean of the two groups is not different in the main mass. In other words, the Law No. 6360 after both men and women believe that there is an improvement in the transport service.
When the average calculated by gender was examined in agricultural irrigation services, there was a difference of 0.16
between the average of women and men. The calculated F-statistic value is 1.102 and the marginal significance level of this value is 0.294. In other words, the zero hypotheses is not rejected, so it is found that the variance of the two groups is equal. The T-statistic value calculated in the second stage was -0.992 and the marginal significance level was 0.321.
Since zero hypotheses cannot be rejected, it is concluded that the mean of the two groups is not different in the main mass. In other words, both men and women believe that there is no improvement in agricultural irrigation service after the law no.6360.
In animal husbandry, when the gender-based averages were examined, there was a difference of 0.03 percent between the average of women and men. The calculated F-statistic value is 0,648 and the marginal significance level of this value is 0,421. In other words, the zero hypothesis is not rejected, so it is found that the variance of the two groups is equal. The T-statistic value calculated in the second stage was -0.164 and the marginal significance level was 0.870. Since zero hypothesis cannot be rejected, it is concluded that the mean of the two groups is not different in the main mass. In other words, both men and women believe that there is no improvement in animal husbandry after the law no.6360. This difference reveals that the 26-33 age group and the 51 and older age group think differently about drinking water. Although the 26-33 age group says they are not satisfied with drinking water, it indicates significant improvements in drinking water services over the age of 51.
CONCLUSION
In the research, it was determined that important changes were seen following the law of the Metropolitan Municipality in connection with the main service types that Bursa Metropolitan Municipality has presented. It was understood that the people living in the village in the transportation services to the villages showed an increase in the services offered by the municipality
instead of the ones providing transportation with their own facilities. This change has been determined to improve the transportation opportunities prior to the law.
In connection with the provision of drinking water services, before the Metropolitan Municipality law, it has been observed that the public has met their own possibilities and drinking water requirements. The rate of citizens who say that they have received drinking water with their service to the village has increased. However, after the law, there has been a decrease in the number of people who say that the drinking water service was provided by the village's own means. The difference between pre-and post-new law is low. It was understood that this difference was due to an increase in the rate of service delivery units to the village.
The reasons for the transition to the new system and the reforms introduced by the law have been examined. 6360 with the law on the whole situation and the emerging positive and negative evaluations toward an analysis of the study performed and the study terminated. In this study, the first examples of the Law No. 3030 in our country, which includes the new rural areas of Metropolitan Municipality regulations 6360 after the law, citizens received from the Metropolitan Municipality to determine whether the quality of services is an improvement.
No specific changes were observed before and after the law on irrigation in agricultural areas. It is understood that the opinions of the citizens who are interviewed on this subject have not changed much. It is understood that the most important result in garbage collection services are experiencing. Collection of garbage collected through imece by the municipality after the law reveals a change in public opinion.
It is seen that the new law on animal husbandry has not changed the old situation. It has been stated that animal husbandry was carried out near or near the houses. According to all these results, the law no.6360 provided the most benefit for Bursa in garbage services. While drinking water comes in second place, Transportation takes place in third place. Agricultural irrigation and animal husbandry is not affected.
Contribution of metropolitan municipality
to law services Dilek Durak
South Russian University According to developments in the world, management paradigm changes in Turkey. Effective, efficient, service and citizen-oriented, accountable, transparent, participatory and decentralized management approach has become the main principles and values for Public Administration innovations in Turkey. The reasons for the transition to the
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new system and the reforms introduced by the law have been examined. The most defensive aspect of this law is that it is a service activity. But this is not the case for every service. Because the perception of the new Metropolitan Municipality law in rural areas is very low. The provisions and innovations brought by the Metropolitan Municipality law in the integrity of the province are not known enough by the citizens in the country and a serious lack of perception is experienced. 6360 with the law on the whole situation and the emerging positive and negative evaluations toward an analysis of the study performed and the study terminated. The questionnaire was used as a data collection method in the
research. The results were interpreted using descriptive analysis techniques on the obtained data. It was discussed in comparison with the related literature. The results were interpreted and recommendations were made to the researchers.
Keywords: Law no: 6360, metropolitan municipality, rural area management, activities in services, municipal structure
References
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