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СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ
EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION REGIME AND FERTILIZER RATE ON WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES OF WHEAT PROTEIN Yodgorov N.G.1, Otamurodova S.A.2 Email: Yodgorov696@scientifictext.ru
1Yodgorov Normumin Gulomovich - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, LABORATORY OF PLANT PROTECTION, AGROCHEMISTRY AND AGRICULTURAL
ENGINEERING, KASHKADARYA BRANCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR GRAIN AND LEGUMINOUS CROPS, KARSHI, KASHKADARYA REGION; 2Otamurodova Salomat Ahmedovna - English Teacher, TASHKENT STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article reveals the content of protein in the grain of winter wheat varieties "Grom", "Bunyodkor" and "Gozgan" depending on the growing conditions and the applied agrotechnical measures and varietal characteristics, as well as, increasing the amount of protein in the grain from the norm of fertilizer N120P80K60 to the norm of N1soP12oK9o kg/ha has a significant positive effect; however, it has been found that the application of fertilizer standards N240P160K120 kg/ha did not change significantly. As well as, In order to make high quality, soft, crunchy and delicious bread, the varieties of the created grain must meet the requirements of high quality.
Keywords: winter wheat, varieties, fertilizer, irrigation, norm, amount, growing, agrotechnical, indicator, quality, protein.
ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЖИМА ОРОШЕНИЯ И НОРМЫ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ БЕЛКА СОРТОВ ОСЕННЕЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ
12 Едгоров Н.Г. , Отамуродова СА.
1Ёдгоров Нормумин Гуломович - кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория защиты растений, агрохимии и агротехники, Кашкадарьинский филиал Научно-исследовательский институт зерна и зернобобовых культур, г. Карши, Кашкадарьинская область; 2Отамуродова Саломат Ахмедовна - преподаватель английского языка, Ташкентский государственный аграрный университет, г Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье выявлено содержание протеина в зерне озимой пшеницы сортов «Гром», «Бунёдкор» и «Гозган» в зависимости от условий выращивания и применяемых агротехнических мероприятий и сортовых характеристик, а также увеличение количества протеина в зерне от нормы удобрения N120P80K60 до нормы N180P120K90 кг/га оказывает значительный положительный эффект; однако было обнаружено, что применение стандартов удобрений N240P160K120 кг/га существенно не изменилось. Кроме того, для получения качественного, мягкого, хрустящего и вкусного хлеба сорта создаваемого зерна должны соответствовать требованиям высокого качества.
Ключевые слова: озимая пшеница, сорта, удобрение, полив, норма, количество, выращивание, агротехника, показатель, качество, белок.
UDC 631.5, 631.8, 633.111
INTRODUCTION. Growing winter wheat is a source of protein and carbohydrates for human consumption as well as an excellent raw material for the production of high-quality compound feed products.
The quality of bread grown requies a high content of protein and carbohydrates.
In order to make high quality, soft, crunchy and delicious bread, the varieties of the created grain must meet the requirements of high quality. The amount of protein in grains varies for a number of reasons. The hot and dry climate contributes to the accumulation of protein in the grain.
For example, the wheat grown in our country, i.e. in hot climates, retains 2-3% more protein than wheat grown in the northern regions. As the amount of protein in the seed increases, the amount of carbohydrate decreases.
To the north, the amount of protein in crops decreases and the amount of carbohydrate increases. Protein content is affected by soil climatic conditions.
Wheat planting cereals from north to south and from west to east, the protein content begins to increase. Grain quality is affected by air humidity, sunlight (temperature), mineral fertilizer (nitrogen) content and increased agronomic processing.
Based on the above data, in our study we studied and analyzed the dependence of the chemical composition of grain on soil climatic conditions, agrotechnical measures, i.e. irrigation regime, fertilizer rates and varietal characteristics of winter wheat.
The object of the research. "Grom", "Bu yodkor" a d "Gazgo " var et e of w ter wheat were obtained in the research.
Field experiments were conducted in central experimental field of the Kashkadarya branch of the Research Institute of Cereals and Legumes in the territory of Yakhshi Omonov CMTP of Karshi district.
In the field experiments, the options were placed in three replications, one section of plot. The total area of the ridges was 180 m2
The results of the research. According to research, one of the quality indicators of winter wheat varieties is the protein content of the grain.
It was found that protein content had been affected by irrigation regime, and mineral fertilizer rate.
The analysis showed that irrigation of winter wheat varieties in order of grain protein content in the order of LFCM (70-70-60), 1 control (without fertilizer) and 3 (N120P80K60; Ni80Pi20K90; N240Pi60Ki20) in the experimental variant, the average grain protein content was 15,2%, in the order of LFCM (75-80-70) of irrigation in the experiment, the protein content in the grain was 14.1% in proportion to the norm of mineral fertilizers in the experimental variant.
Also, according to the order of options ( 1, 2, 3 and 4) in the irrigation regime of the experimental LFCM(70-70-60) irrigation regime, in the 1st variant, where the protein content of winter wheat varieties is controlled (without fertilizer), the variety "Grom" 10.5%, "Bu yodkor" var ety wa 9.9%, "Gozgo " var ety wa 9.3 %, the 2nd variant with mineral fertilizer rate Ni20P80K60 kg/ha, the protein content of grain was 16.6 in proportion to the indicators of winter wheat varieties; in the case of 15.9 and 15.3%, the norm of mineral fertilizers Ni80Pi20K90 kg/ha, the protein content in the grain was 18.0 in proportion to the values in option 3; 17.1 and 16.7% in variant 4 (N240Pi60Ki20 kg/ha) the grain protein content was 18.6; 17.6 and 17.2% respectively (figure-1).
20,0 18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0
u «Grom » в «Bunyodkor » ь «Gozgon»
Fig. 1. The average grain protein content of winter wheat varieties is, (%)
In scientific studies, the protein content of winter wheat varieties was cotrolled (without fertilizer) in the irrigation mode of the next LFCM (75-80-70) "Grom" var ety wa 9,9%, "Bu yodkor" var ety wa 9,4% a d "Gozgo " var ety o t tuted 8,9% in the 5th variant with the norm of mineral fertilizers Ni20P80K60 kg/ha in proportion to the varities, the protein content of winter wheat grain is 15.7: 15.0 and 14.5% in the 6th variant, while the norm of mineral fertilizers was N180P120K90 kg/ha in variant 7, the amount of protein in the grain was 16.4 in proportion to the values; 15.8 and 15.2%, in variant 8 (N240P160K120 kg/ha) the grain protein content was 16.8; 16.5 and 16.1% respectively (Figure 1).
The analysis of the results of the study showed that the minimum grain protein content was 75-80-70% of winter wheat varieties in relation to LFCM in the irrigation regime, in the experimental control (fertilizer-free) var a t of w ter wheat "Gozga " wa 8.9%, practice it was found that the highest grain protein content in winter wheat varieties in the irrigation regime of 70-70-60 % compared to LFCM, in the variant of mineral fertilizers N240Pi60Ki20, the var ety "Grom" wa 18.6%, wh h the h ghe t pra t e.
This pattern was observed in subsequent variants of the experiment, and it was found that when the norm of mineral fertilizers in winter wheat was increased from Ni20P80K60 kg/ha to N240P160K120 kg/ha, the protein content of the grain was higher.
According to the analysis, the protein content of winter wheat varieties in the experimental field in the mode of irrigation LFCM (70-70-60) "Grom", "Bu yodkof' a d "Gozgo "; were found to be higher 1.2; 1.0 and 0.9% than in the regime of LFCM (75-80-70).
Studies have shown that mineral fertilizers have a sharp effect on the application of stratified autumn wheat varieties during the growing season.
According to the research, the fertilizer standard Ni20P80K60 in the relation to the exper me tal o trol (w thout fert l zer) var a t of w ter wheat var et e "Grom", "Bu yodkor" a d "Gozgo " were 5.9, 5.8 and 5.7%; 7.0 in proportion to the varietal performance of the variant used in the experiment Ni80Pi20K90 fertilizer rate 6.8 and 6.7%, fertilizer rate N240Pi60Ki20 7.5 in the applied variant; 7.4 and 7.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSION. Thus, the amount of protein in the grain of winter wheat varieties varies depending on the growing conditions, the applied agro-technical measures, the characteristics of the variety.
In studies, the increase in the amount of protein in the grain from the norm of fertilizer N120P80K60 kg/ha to the norm of N180P120K90 kg/ha had a significant effect. However, it was found that the application of fertilizer standards N240P160K120 kg/ha did not change significantly.
Also, in the study, the application of winter wheat irrigation in the 70-70-60 % regime of LFCM is the most optimal method, but it was found that the use of protein content irrigation of winter wheat in the mode of 75-80-70% of LFCM leads to a decrease in protein content.
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