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356the objects belonging to different classes of things and the strengthening of the emotional effect on the reader. In both languages, the comparison technique is used to compare one object with another something similar and familiar to it. In addition to the similarities between the reception of the comparison in Russian and English, there are also differences between them that determine peculiar to each of the languages. In Russian there are such comparisons as direct and negative comparisons, but in English such comparisons are not mentioned. Thus, analyzing this information, we came to the conclusion that the similarities of taking comparisons in English and Russian prevail over the differences between them. And yet the differences also exist, and will exist.
References
1. Abramovich G.L. Introduction to Literary Studies - Moscow, 1975. 225 p.
2. Arnold I. Lexicology of the modern English language, Moscow "Higher School", 1986.
3. Musaev K. English stylistics. Toshkent, 2003.
TRANSLATING IDIOMS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND UZBEK FROM A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Barotova M.B.
Barotova Mubashira Barotovna - Teacher of the English language, DEPARTMENT ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FACULTY LIGHT INDUSTRY,
BUKHARA ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article, the peculiarities of translating a number of phraseological units (from Uzbek into English) are considered, which are considered the most rich and democratic layer of language on the example of works by E. Azam.
Keywords: national, image formation, structural, appropriate, collection, thoughtful, appropriate, mentality, spirit of nation.
Literary translation is the only and unique means of conveying national mentality, psychology, mode of life, manners and culture, experience and attitude towards reality of any nation. Especially, translating the idioms, proverbs and sayings revealing spiritual world and national psychology of a nation makes a reader feel and percept national imagery of a nation. V.G. Belinsky considers, «translating literary works of one nation to another bring them closer to each other and make exchange the ideas." Theory of translation is not always able to prepare beforehand ready-made and always adequate recipes. However, many proverbs and sayings have corresponding structural and semantic equivalents in other languages. Translator has to find, select and use them appropriately. Only then, the literary translation made by the translator would be everlasting and have great number of readers. As V.N. Komissarov points out, «knowing phraseological unities and their adequate translation is very demanding; this demands translator's knowledge of meaning of idioms and the way of their usage." If a translator chooses a proverb or an idiom out of original one and uses the appropriate one according to meaning and content while translating then he or she would be able to transfer the essence of a work to the reader. It is necessary to point out that in the process of translation of idioms, proverbs and sayings the main index is the figurative sense. That's why it is urgent to transfer their meaning and dialectics taking into consideration the characteristics of a language being translated. So, while translating idioms from one language into another one it is important to find out appropriate equivalent in order to convey the mentality and spirit of nation or case. If the idiom is translated by common words it is not a felicitous translation. However, in some cases we can face with smattering translation of a number of idioms of Erkin A'zam works translated by A. Obidov.
Here some examples from the story «Шовкин".
Though there is the exact idiom of kaltakning ikki uchi (Лекин ^ар калтакнинг икки учи булганидек, ютган, ютганда ^ам х,адди аълосигача етказган жщатларини эсдан чикармаслик керак [1; 27]) in English (a two edged weapon) the translator hasn't used it, but translated the sentence as «But no matter what happens you should not forget your past. They say that you will be blessed according to your merits" [2; 201]. As it is the same idiom of the Uzbek one it makes more sense and reproduces the intense of prevention.
In the extract «Ким булмасин, кучасию унда жойлашган шифохона улгудек узок;, ша^арнинг гадойтопмас бир гурида экан. Бир амаллаб топиб борди" [1; 39]. the idiom gadoytopmas bir go'rida is transferred with in a remote corner of the city [2; 214]. But this phrase is an ordinary combination of words and the word remote means just very distant place, but it cannot bear the strong and unique sense of gadoytopmas bir go 'r in the Uzbek language. So, this phrase can be replaced by bush which means a place unreachable and abandoned.
While translating proverbs, sayings and idioms it is very important to keep not only the sense, but also their structural formation. For instance, their generalization, imagery, convention or abstruseness has to be maintained. The extract «Хиёл утмай пинакка кетибди" [1;18] is translated as «He was asleep in a minute" [2; 190]. We can insert this speech pattern into «Not long after (After a (little) while) he took/dozed/had a nap." So, here it is possible to use structural variations of some components as not long after or after a while or took, dozed and had a nap. This kind of transferring is much more literary and differs from a common combination of words. As L.N.Sobolev indicates, there are no always the right equivalents of idioms. Then translator should search and find out the equivalents or adequate versions of idioms in his native language not fearing to «destroy" the original author's style. It is within translator's competence.
The extract «Устоз айбдор эмас, у киладиган хизматини килиб куйган. Бор энди, тошингни тер!" [1; 21] is successfully translated into English as «The Master is not to blame, he has already served his purpose. And now, you should get out of his sight!" [2; 194]. The idiom toshingni ter is typical for the Uzbek language and there is no exact equivalent. The phrase get out of his sight! is usual and more common for this case. But the extract from the story «Гули-Гули" «...мачит десангиз, ^акингиз кетар - сербар айвонидаги кадимий уймакор устунларни айтмаганда, на мачитлик, на бир мукаддаслик сиёга колган; яланггина магазин атамокка эса куркасиз -^арнечук, каломулло^ укилган, ^уръон оятлари тиловат этилган табаррук жой. кетар" [1; 200] is translated «One could not call it just a 'mosque,' since it did not look like a mosque or a sacred place, but had a wide terrace with ancient engraved columns. One also was afraid to call it just a 'shop,' since Koranic verses had been recited there in the past and at one time it was a sacred place.." [2; 86]. Though it is impossible to convey the original and specific feature of national Uzbek idiom haqqingiz ketar this version can be changed for the idiom «The mosque is not worth a rap".
References
1. A'zamE. «Interaction" roman, stories, "Uzbekistan" Publishing House. Tashkent, 2011.
2. A'zamE. Heirs to the Great Sinner Sheikh San'on (UK). Hertfordshire Press Ltd, 2016.
3. KuninA.V. The English Phraseology. M., 1970.
4. Shoabdurahmonov Sh. and others. Modern Uzbek Literature. T., 1980.
АНГЛИЙСКИЕ ИДИОМАТИЧНЫЕ СЛОВА Рузиева Н.З.
Рузиева Нафиса Зарифовна - преподаватель английского языка, кафедра английского языка, факультет легкой промышленности, Бухарский инженерно-технологический институт, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье рассмотрена специфика английских идиоматических слов, их роль в речевом этикете. Каждый язык имеет свой специальный словарный запас, в котором существует много идиоматических слов, которые используются в той или иной сфере деятельности языка. Идиоматические слова имеют разные функции, в которых они показывают свои специфические черты.
Ключевые слова: идиоматичное слово, идиомы, специфические функции, номинальное и реальное значение, моделирующая функция, выразительная функция, характеризующая функция, изобразительная функция.
В этой статье показано, что именно благодаря особенностям своей структуры лексические идиомы способны выполнять ряд специфических функций. Разница в функциях (или характере их выполнения) обусловлена, прежде всего, разницей в соотношении мотивированности и конвенциональности их значений, жёсткостью / не жёсткостью связи между означаемым и
