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38TAKING COMPARISON IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES IN THEIR SPECIFIC PECULIARITIES Barotova M.B.
Barotova Mubashira Barotovna - Teacher of the English language, DEPARTMENT ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FACULTY LIGHT INDUSTRY,
BUKHARA ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article, a logical comparison of two objects belonging to one class of things is considered, with the aim of establishing the degree of their similarity and difference. Keywords: stylistic, obliging words, comparison, significance, permanent, stylistic reception, logical comparison, properties, outwardly constructed, phenomenon, interpreted, similarities.
The strengthening of some one feature of the concept in the expressed thought is realized in the stylistic method of comparison. Typical, logical comparison and comparison as a stylistic device is confused, but this is an error. Because, they represent two different processes. A logical comparison means the comparison of two objects belonging to one class of things, with the aim of affirming the degree of their similarity and difference [1.225].
To use comparisons as a stylistic device is to characterize one object, bringing it into contact or connection with another object, belonging to a completely different class of things and objects. A logical comparison takes into account all the properties of both objects, emphasizing one, as compared.
For example: The boy seems to be as clever as his mother. This is a common comparison of those logical comparisons. The words "boy" and "mother" belong to the same class of objects - a human being - therefore, this case can not be a stylistic method of comparison. But in the sentence: "Maidens, tine moths, are ever caught by glare" (Byron), here we have an example of comparing how the stylistic reception of the words "maidens" and "moth" belong to a heterogeneous class of objects, and Byron found the concept of "moth"; (girls) moth to have a secondary meaning of the concept of "maidens"; those. girls, i.e. the creature is easily tempted. Of the two concepts cited together in the stylistic method of comparison, one characterized (maidens) and the other characterizing (moth) - a strong feature will be more inherent in the latter than in the first. In addition, the subject is characterized, looks in full new and unexpected light, because the writer as it was done, uses this feature on it for their own purposes. The acceptance of a comparison convincingly puts one object against another, despite the facts by which they can be absolutely strangers to each other. Without our awareness of this, comparison as a stylistic device gives rise to a new concept of an object characterizing the same as the subject of the characterized one.
The properties of the object can be viewed from various points of view. for example, his state, actions, manners, etc. Thus, the stylistic method of comparison can be based on adjective - attributes, adverb - modifiers, verb - predicates and so on. The comparison usually serves as a means of clarifying the meaning or meaning. By comparing the subject, the writer makes his description more clear and colorful. Comparison is an important expressive means of language. Writers resort to it when the selection of the essential features in the depicted or depicted can be especially expressively carried out by comparing it with something familiar or similar. Therefore, an external comparison in the likening of one phenomenon to another and with the help of words: like, looks like, etc. In Russian, comparisons in their form can be direct and negative. The examples given above are direct comparisons: the comparison of the depicted phenomenon with some other one similar to it is given in a direct affirmative form [2.126]. Negative comparisons are outwardly constructed (as well as other comparisons) on the principle of separating one phenomenon from another, but internally, as well as other comparisons, bring them closer, explaining one another. Negative comparisons were widespread in oral folk poetry. In the language of fiction, comparison takes on a special function. This function is found, first of all, the comparison is usually interpreted here against the background of a broad context, often against the background of a work as an artistic whole. In the system of the artistic whole, the comparison finds not only its place, but also enhances the effect of the entire text on the reader. Of course, the force of such impact is dependent on how organically and convincingly living in this or another text comparison. Here much depends on the author's taste, on the degree of mastery of the native language, on the theoretical beliefs of the writer, on the era in which the work is created [3.63]. As mentioned above, the comparison is a stylistic device that expresses the similarities between different objects. Speaking about the similarities of taking comparisons in English and Russian, we can say that in many ways they coincide, and the main thing is the expression of the similarity between
the objects belonging to different classes of things and the strengthening of the emotional effect on the reader. In both languages, the comparison technique is used to compare one object with another something similar and familiar to it. In addition to the similarities between the reception of the comparison in Russian and English, there are also differences between them that determine peculiar to each of the languages. In Russian there are such comparisons as direct and negative comparisons, but in English such comparisons are not mentioned. Thus, analyzing this information, we came to the conclusion that the similarities of taking comparisons in English and Russian prevail over the differences between them. And yet the differences also exist, and will exist.
References
1. Abramovich G.L. Introduction to Literary Studies - Moscow, 1975. 225 p.
2. Arnold I. Lexicology of the modern English language, Moscow "Higher School", 1986.
3. Musaev K. English stylistics. Toshkent, 2003.
TRANSLATING IDIOMS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND UZBEK FROM A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Barotova M.B.
Barotova Mubashira Barotovna - Teacher of the English language, DEPARTMENT ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FACULTY LIGHT INDUSTRY,
BUKHARA ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article, the peculiarities of translating a number of phraseological units (from Uzbek into English) are considered, which are considered the most rich and democratic layer of language on the example of works by E. Azam.
Keywords: national, image formation, structural, appropriate, collection, thoughtful, appropriate, mentality, spirit of nation.
Literary translation is the only and unique means of conveying national mentality, psychology, mode of life, manners and culture, experience and attitude towards reality of any nation. Especially, translating the idioms, proverbs and sayings revealing spiritual world and national psychology of a nation makes a reader feel and percept national imagery of a nation. V.G. Belinsky considers, «translating literary works of one nation to another bring them closer to each other and make exchange the ideas." Theory of translation is not always able to prepare beforehand ready-made and always adequate recipes. However, many proverbs and sayings have corresponding structural and semantic equivalents in other languages. Translator has to find, select and use them appropriately. Only then, the literary translation made by the translator would be everlasting and have great number of readers. As V.N. Komissarov points out, «knowing phraseological unities and their adequate translation is very demanding; this demands translator's knowledge of meaning of idioms and the way of their usage." If a translator chooses a proverb or an idiom out of original one and uses the appropriate one according to meaning and content while translating then he or she would be able to transfer the essence of a work to the reader. It is necessary to point out that in the process of translation of idioms, proverbs and sayings the main index is the figurative sense. That's why it is urgent to transfer their meaning and dialectics taking into consideration the characteristics of a language being translated. So, while translating idioms from one language into another one it is important to find out appropriate equivalent in order to convey the mentality and spirit of nation or case. If the idiom is translated by common words it is not a felicitous translation. However, in some cases we can face with smattering translation of a number of idioms of Erkin A'zam works translated by A. Obidov.
Here some examples from the story «Шовкин".
Though there is the exact idiom of kaltakning ikki uchi (Лекин ^ар калтакнинг икки учи булганидек, ютган, ютганда ^ам х,адди аълосигача етказган жщатларини эсдан чикармаслик керак [1; 27]) in English (a two edged weapon) the translator hasn't used it, but translated the sentence as «But no matter what happens you should not forget your past. They say that you will be blessed according to your merits" [2; 201]. As it is the same idiom of the Uzbek one it makes more sense and reproduces the intense of prevention.
