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58nowadays also. His works are saving as the main educational supplies. Farabi advised the methods for education which are saving an incentive, getting used to used to usual and forcing. His opinions, which were said at that time, are valuable in these days and they can help to grow up the children and their education. We pen down saying that the main idea of the Farabi's works is about to attain perfection of humanity.
References
1. Khayrullayev M.M. Farabi and his philosophical brochures. T., 1963. 225 p.
2. Farabi Abu Nasr. Fuzil people's city. T., 1960. 136 p.
THE VIEWS OF THE GREAT UZBEK WRITER ABDURAUF FITRAT ON EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING
1 2 3
Todjibayeva K.S. , Shamsiyeva G.S. , Jalolova G.B.
1Todjibayeva Komila Sobit qizi - Teacher, DEPARTMENT PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY;
2Shamsiyeva Gulchiroy Savriddinovna - Student;
3Jalolova Gulnoza Bakhodirovna - Student, ENGLISH FACULTY III, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY,
TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article the main point is about enlightened writer Abdurauf Fitrat's life and creative works. Moreover, his contribution to worldwide enlightenment, development of literature are included as well as his initiative for upbringing. Keywords: education, life, teaching, works, upbringing, experience.
If we begin with Fitrat's life which was full of experience, the eminence writer who was a playwright, publisher, and scientist was born in Bukhara in 1886. Initially, he studied at old school, later in Madrasa called "Mir Arab". Fitrat resided in Bukhara and later he visited Turkey, India and Arabic countries so as to rich his knowledge. During travelling Moscow and St. Peterborough, he got significant information as well. In 1909-1913 he studied in "Dorul Muallimin". He created an organization named "Buhoro ta'limi maorif'. He also became one of the dedicated member of Jadid's movement in Central Asia and Uzbek literature a specialist in theory and in practice of Jadid's school. In 1913 Fitrat returned to Bukhara. He became a establisher of new schools in Shakhrisabz and Karshi. Fitrat was busy with political activities after February events in 1917. He was selected to the revolutionary party called "Yosh buhoroliklar". His articles was published in newspapers and magazines later he became an editor. Fitrat came back to Tashkent. At first he taught at school, later he taught language and literature at the University. In 1919-1920 he was a translator in Afghanistan's Embassy in Tashkent. One of his well-known works is called "Chigatoy gurungi". This organization based not only in learning Uzbek language and literature but also developing of Uzbek Culture. In 1920 he published the first journal "Tong". In this year Fitrat came to Bukhara again. The following by this year Oriental music school was opened by his initiative. During 1923-1924 Fitrat work in Scientific Research Institute. Fitrat gave lectures about languages, literature, culture at Leningrad State University at this school. When he went back Uzbekistan in 1927, he worked as professor in Pedagogical Institute in Samarkand. During his experienced life he wrote plenty of articles and political works. After 3- year -span he was apprehended by policy. On 24th April 1937 Fitrat was prisoned. And later on 4th October 1938 he was sorrowfully hoot [ 1, p. 96].
The thing which made his existence vibrant was his works. His premier article "Munozara" was published in Istanbul In 1909. In 1911 his poems were "Sayha", "Sayoh Hindi". Fitrat wrote several book s which was related to teaching skills, such as "Oqu", and this material enriched with beneficial methods. At the same time lots of his works, which have still been in the LimeLight, such as "Eng eski turkiy adabiyot namunalari" (text, research, notes; 1927), "Uzbek adabiyoti namunalari" (text, research, notes; 1929), "Sharq shahmati" (1928), "Uzbek klassik musiqasi va uning tarixi" (1927), "Fors shoiri Umar Hayyom" (1929) were announced. His works dedicated to the theory of literature - "She'r va shoirliq" (1919), "Adabiyot qoidalari" (1926), "San'atning mansha'i" (1926), "Aruz haqida" (1936) - Fitrat raised uzbek literary-aesthetic idea to the new level. Such as condition as the Independence of Motherland and nation, the development of knowledge and science, the prosperity of upbringing express the present of Fitrat's works. His works were enormously praised and translated into various languages when he was alive. The professor of the National University of Uzbekistan B. Qosimov issued his monograph "Fitrat" in 1994. H. Boltaboev and I. Ganiev defended their Ph. Degree dissertations "XX asr uzbek adabiyotshunosligi va Fitratning ilmiy merosi" (T., 1996) and "Fitrat dramalari poetikasi" (T., 1998) devoted to Fitrat's creative work. His creative heritage has been investigated by such philosophers and lawyers as B. Ergashev and D. Tashquziev. There are streets and schools named after Fitrat in Tashkent and Bukhara. Memorial (museum) was opened in his native town and a Square was erected there too. Up- coming to 1996 his a110 th-anniversary was celebrated thoroughly. Thanks to the first President of Republic of Uzbekistan he was awarded with "Navoi" bonus and "Independence" order [2, p. 353].
The peculiarity of Abdurauf Fitrat's attitude towards behavior.
The analysis of above stated sources show that his one of significant works is "Rahbari najot", and it was devoted to the matter of education thoroughly. Actually, the first chapter is connected with the topics of family, offspring's behavior. Moreover, this attitude still exists.
Fitrat claimed that the duty of parents is to bring up children as well- behaved human and they must pay attention to these:
1) mental education -health,
2) mental education - healthy mind ,
3) moral education - ethical.
The following views are showed openly in the chapter named "children's education". One of the main mission of family is to behave generation. Apparently, from his point of view, the world looks like general war area and chivalries of this area are human beings . When every people became mature, they have no choice to stay aside. In this war they have to get three types of measure gadgets so as to pull off a victory:
1) health
2) healthy mind
3) well-mannered.
Fitrat infirmed that it is clear to be conquered if they have no one of them and they should be carried together. In addition to this, he convinced that if parents do not want children to be unfortunate, thereby they should make them well-behaved [3, p. 226].
References
1. Sharafiddinov Ozod. The happiness of releasing works, «East» publisher - the main
editorship of the company of pressing stockholder. Tashkent, 2004.
2. Qosimov Begali. The uzbek literature of national Renaissance, "Spirituality". Tashkent,
2004.
3. Hoshimov Komiljon. The history of pedology. 2-part. The publisher of Uzbekistan
National library named Alisher Navoiy. Tashkent, 2005.
