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36THE GREAT UZBEK THINKER AND SCIENTIST ABU NASR FARABI'S VIEWPOINTS CONCERNING EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING
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Todjibayeva K.S. , Sodikova M.N. , Bobonazarova M.
1Todjibayeva Komila Sobit qizi - Teacher, DEPARTMENT PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY;
2Sodikova Makhliyo Nizom qizi - Student;
3Bobonazarova Mukhlisa - Student, ENGLISH FACULTY III, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the present day is the age of contradictions of opinions, inventions and actions. The humanity are becoming more and more immoral and reserved owing to a lack of good environment in this era of globalization, boundaries- political, geographical, cultural. But this paradox is practically inevitable since we exploit the education for the development of the society, and, hence, we must be faithful to our traditions for our continued future. In order to help to find a solution to this concern, this article shows Abu Nasr Farabi's education, upbringing; attitudes and outpoints to ethics, mentality, conducts and the methods of attaining the perfection which Farabi was the first created in the Near and Middle Eastern countries.
Keywords: conduct, community, doctrine, education, ethics, mentality, methods, knowledge, perfection.
Abu Nasr Farabi (the full name is a pseudonym; Abu Nasr Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Uzlug') was central Asia's great Turkish poet, encyclopedic scholar and an eminent thinker in the Middle East, the great contributor and propagandist of the ancient Greek philosophy in the East. He was born in 873 in the city of Farab in the Syrdarya region, where he studied the works of Greek philosophers, learned different languages. In recent years, he lived in Damascus. He left a lot of scientific works in various fields. He became well-known as philosopher, musician, poet and scholar of his time. He created more than 160 brochures. Although most of them did not reach us, his pamphlets indicate that he was a outstanding scientist. The main works of Farabi are: "Philosophical Questions and Answers", "Fundamentals of wisdom", "The Intellect" and etc. The philosophy of Farabi, his universal doctrine about society and morals, played an important role in the development of social, philosophical, political and ethical ideas in the early medieval and later periods. The heritage left by the thinker has spread not only in the East, but also in the Europe and has had a significant impact on the development of social philosophical ideas.
One of the services of the scientists at the scholars is that he commented on the works of the Greek thinkers and enriched them with new ideas. Farabi affirms that mentality, on the other hand, is a product of spiritual power, that is, the inborn, the in herself. Farabi believes that it is necessary to act in the government, in the rule of law, in the interethnic attitude, in the moral and ethical conduct and in the teaching of reasoning. One of Farabi's precious thoughts is his interpretation of the secular mind, the doctrine of their eternal existence. In the mind of the thinker, the soul and the mind will not disappear after death but will be merged with the worldly spirit and mind. Therefore, the human soul and the mind go to eternity. However, both of them never come back and do not appear. The doctrine of the thinker contains clear ideas about the eternity of the world, the immorality of the human race, the ongoing knowledge of human and the progressive development of the spiritual culture of humanity. In his interpretation, intelligence becomes the true knowledge by means of the universe. Farabi is a great thinker who rationalizes the rational methods of knowing. He proposed ideas for philosophical development, observation, argumentation,
methods of learning and emotional thinking. Phobo - human qualities are inherent in nature and in the process of living. According to the scientist, innate qualities include the extremely sharp intelligence of a person and the extremely frustrating of something. But innate qualities are rarely seen in life. The main moral qualities that people occupy during their lifetime. Well-born people also need discipline. If he is not trained and disciplined, his abilities will soon disappear. Born ability is also a relative concept. Some may have a good outcome by using their natural abilities, while others may have a bad effect.
Farabi is also a great humanist, humanist philosopher, opposed to a community based on discrimination and oppression of human dignity. Thinker encourages people to live in peace and harmony, to be humane. "The starting point for unifying people is humanity, so people should live in peace because they are part of the human race", he said [1, p. 225]. One of the remarkable views of Farabi is the role of the moral and behavior in the geographical environment of society's development. He believes that living in a particular area effects their lifestyle, traditions, moral and behavior and helps the community to unite.
Another services of the scientist is that Farabi separated the subject according to their different functions. In his view, subjects which are math, naturalistic, metaphysics serve to improve human's mind and grammar, poetry, logic effect the mental education. The development of philosophical concepts in the Middle century related to the name of Farabi and his doctrine about attaining perfection of person is of great importance in field of education. Farabi was considered the scientists who defined the education for the first time. He thought about the importance ofeducation, what we should pay attention during the education, the method of education in his scientific works. From his prospective, the person can't gain the education without teacher and society.
Farabi created the doctrine about the types, goals and duties of society in the Middle century, among the first and the doctrine covered with different matter of social life such as education, ruling of the state, ethics, knowledge, war, truce and others. He wrote that "Erudite town and erudite society is that every people who are citizens of it are occupied with profession crafts workship"[2, p. 136]. Farabi's doctrine connected with perfect person. Additionally, the feature of perfect person built up in erudite town. According to his work which is "Town of erudite" perfect person should have twelve feature: they are "The firstl y, the whole body of this person should be health; secondly, he should realize the aims quickly; thirdly, his memory should be strong; fourthly, he should be keen witted sharp, bright; fifthly, his speech should be smoothand explain something brightly; sixthly, his longing for knowledge should be high and not feel the tiredness; seventhly, he should hold his soul and not play gamble; eighthly, he should be loving the truth; ninthly, he should be proud and honesty; tenthly, he shouldn't be addict the collected money and treasure; eleventh, should be honesty but be brave and lead others to honest; twelfth, should be honest but not to be stubborn and this opinion which he think it is right.
Farabi also considered the town as the great form of the social corporation and necessary resource in attaining perfection of humanity. The society in this town call the whole population for collaboration and peace. The forming the unique human unit in the world was considered as age-old aspirations. Farabi fought against the society which wasabesing the human dignity. The main responsibility of the state is the attainment the human to prosperity. This may achieve with help of the knowledge and good conduct.
Farabi described the fuzil society, which he dreamed himself, openly. The main responsibility of the state is the attainment the human to prosperity. This may achieve with help of the knowledge and good conduct. Farabi noted the governing forms with help of the populous persons who possess perfected characters (aristocracy) and the elected persons (democracy).
To put in nut shell, we can say that Farabi contributed not only upbringing and conduct but also math medicine, natural subjects, logic, political, philosophy and their development during his life. Thinker said that there is no break during the upbringing, it should be organic. And he emphasizes that bringing-up perfect people requires big education. Farabi's works, which he wrote his lifetime, were learned by many scientists at that time and
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nowadays also. His works are saving as the main educational supplies. Farabi advised the methods for education which are saving an incentive, getting used to used to usual and forcing. His opinions, which were said at that time, are valuable in these days and they can help to grow up the children and their education. We pen down saying that the main idea of the Farabi's works is about to attain perfection of humanity.
References
1. Khayrullayev M.M. Farabi and his philosophical brochures. T., 1963. 225 p.
2. Farabi Abu Nasr. Fuzil people's city. T., 1960. 136 p.
THE VIEWS OF THE GREAT UZBEK WRITER ABDURAUF FITRAT ON EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING
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Todjibayeva K.S. , Shamsiyeva G.S. , Jalolova G.B.
1Todjibayeva Komila Sobit qizi - Teacher, DEPARTMENT PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY;
2Shamsiyeva Gulchiroy Savriddinovna - Student;
3Jalolova Gulnoza Bakhodirovna - Student, ENGLISH FACULTY III, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY,
TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article the main point is about enlightened writer Abdurauf Fitrat's life and creative works. Moreover, his contribution to worldwide enlightenment, development of literature are included as well as his initiative for upbringing. Keywords: education, life, teaching, works, upbringing, experience.
If we begin with Fitrat's life which was full of experience, the eminence writer who was a playwright, publisher, and scientist was born in Bukhara in 1886. Initially, he studied at old school, later in Madrasa called "Mir Arab". Fitrat resided in Bukhara and later he visited Turkey, India and Arabic countries so as to rich his knowledge. During travelling Moscow and St. Peterborough, he got significant information as well. In 1909-1913 he studied in "Dorul Muallimin". He created an organization named "Buhoro ta'limi maorif'. He also became one of the dedicated member of Jadid's movement in Central Asia and Uzbek literature a specialist in theory and in practice of Jadid's school. In 1913 Fitrat returned to Bukhara. He became a establisher of new schools in Shakhrisabz and Karshi. Fitrat was busy with political activities after February events in 1917. He was selected to the revolutionary party called "Yosh buhoroliklar". His articles was published in newspapers and magazines later he became an editor. Fitrat came back to Tashkent. At first he taught at school, later he taught language and literature at the University. In 1919-1920 he was a translator in Afghanistan's Embassy in Tashkent. One of his well-known works is called "Chigatoy gurungi". This organization based not only in learning Uzbek language and literature but also developing of Uzbek Culture. In 1920 he published the first journal "Tong". In this year Fitrat came to Bukhara again. The following by this year Oriental music school was opened by his initiative. During 1923-1924 Fitrat work in Scientific Research Institute. Fitrat gave lectures about languages, literature, culture at Leningrad State University at this school. When he went back Uzbekistan in 1927, he worked as professor in Pedagogical Institute in Samarkand. During his experienced life he wrote plenty of articles and political works. After 3- year -span he was apprehended by policy. On 24th April 1937 Fitrat was prisoned. And later on 4th October 1938 he was sorrowfully hoot [ 1, p. 96].
