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42Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-237-240
THE USE OF BORROWED WORDS IN LANGUAGE NORMS
Nilufar Yakubovna Usarova
English teacher, Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
Gulbahor Azimjon kizi Nazarova
English teacher, Uzbek State World Language University
ABSTRACT
This article explains about assimilation words, their linguocultural aspects, and explains that in order for a word to be assimilated, it must be used not only in individual speech but also in group speech. Also, the widespread use of assimilation in oral and written speech, especially in community speech, has been shown to be one of its main features.
Keywords: assimilation, lexical assimilation, semantic assimilation, affixes, morphological assimilation.
INTRODUCTION
It is known from modern linguistic studies that only the examination of the formal system and communicative functions of the language limits the real place of the language in the process of culture creation. A different approach to language, which is important for determining its essence, is seen in the study of language not only as a means of communication, but as a method of perception, an integral part of national culture.
In the context of globalization, the interaction and cooperation of languages, the various processes that occur due to this, cause the transition of various language elements from one to another.[1]
The acceptance and transfer of language elements from one language to another is called word acquisition (in English: borrowing of words, Loans; in Russian заимствование). A language element transferred from one language to another due to word assimilation is called assimilation (borrowed word, loan; заимствованное слово).
Borrowings are referred to as borrowed words or lexical borrowings, phonetic borrowings, and borrowing morphemes, depending on which level of the language they belong to, which structural element they are.
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-237-240
Because of the long-term contacts between languages, from one language to another: words are accepted; word-forming affixes are assimilated in the composition of words; similar sounds may occur in two languages; syntactically similar, similar syntactic constructions are born; lexical, semantic hybrid types of calques appear; processes of shifting in the meaning of words appear, etc.
So, acquisitions can belong to different levels and areas of the language. Due to this, it is possible to talk about word acquisition, phoneme acquisition, morpheme acquisition (the acquisition is included in the word structure), syntactic structure acquisition, meaning acquisition (semantic acquisitions). The next situation is related to calking.
Mastery is completely related to the word, the vocabulary of the language. Phonetic and morphological acquisitions do not occur without lexical acquisition.
In a broad sense, the elements of acquisition are called foreign words (иностранные слова). However, borrowing (borrowed word, loan or заимствование) and foreign words are not the same phenomenon (concept).
The occurrence of a foreign word in English texts does not necessarily mean that the word has been assimilated into English. Any use of a word does not mean that the word has been adopted. In this respect, foreign words found in English texts can be divided into two large groups:
a) borrowed words or borrowings;
b) guide words or guides.
The manual is divided into two groups according to the function and language structure of words and phrases:
a) exotic vocabulary or exoticisms;
b) inputs, i.e. foreign language inputs.
Acquisition is the transfer of certain language elements from one language to another. Such an element - a word, as mentioned earlier, in some cases can be sounds, as well as a morpheme in the structure of the acquired word. Many words from French, Latin, and Greek have been adopted into English. From French, Latin and Greek words to English: -arius, -ist, -ee, -ess, -ese, -eer, -ling, -ster, -ie, -er, ite, -ard, -kin, -ism, -age, -ance, -ence, -al, -ment, -tion, -arion, -sion, ion, -able, -ize, -ise, -fy, -ify, -pre-, re-, post-, counter-, anti-, sub-, inter-, extra- A number of elements such as -, counter-, anti-, sub-, inter-, extra- were included.[2]
As for the Uzbek language, the words in the Persian-Tajik languages include -kor, -kam, -dor, -kar/gar; -zoda, -soz, -goh, -gir, yona/-ona, -boz/voz; -parast; -xona; -
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-237-240
go'y; -no; be-; -dar; -bad; -ban; A number of elements like -bo- have also entered.1 Cross-sectional analysis of sounds in English and Uzbek acquired words: Foreign words assimilated into the English language include foreign sounds such as ts, kh, tz, zh, ec, u, y.
In the composition of words assimilated into the Uzbek language, foreign sounds for the Uzbek language such ц, ^, u, b and b are found.
The phenomenon of assimilation consists mainly of word acquisition. Other elements that have been adopted from a foreign language into English or Uzbek are mainly included in the structure of words adopted into this language. Word acquisition means taking a word from a foreign language into English or Uzbek.
A word must meet a number of requirements in order to be absorbed into the accepted language.[3]
The widespread use of appropriation in oral and written speech, especially in group speech, is one of its main characteristics. A word cannot be a normative element if it is not used in the speech of the community, if it is not recognized by the community. A word without a normative element cannot be considered as appropriation.
The borrowed word acquires the character of a neologism in the recipient language system in the early stages. In such a period, a collection of borrowed words forms a new lexical layer of the language. Therefore, a new lexicon is a lexicon in a language that is not yet obsolete or newly created. The transformation of the word from the source language into the host language is largely related to the ability of this word to pass from the young lexical layer to the layer of traditional, simple words.[4] International acquisitions in different languages serve to create a common lexical fund for a number of languages in the world.[5]
Exoticisms can be found in works written in English or Uzbek or stories about the life of foreign peoples. Exotic lexicon is intended to provide information about the culture, lifestyle, home furnishings, customs, holidays, clothes, food, etc. of other peoples.[6]
The national character of the worldview, as we noted above, is related to its limitation within a specific language. Metaphors, stereotypes, and standards that are part of each linguistic and cultural community lead to the specificity of only one language.[7]
1 A.r.Ha3apoBa Y3namMa cy3napHHHr nHHraoKynTyponorHK ^Hx,araapH-Qo'qon DPI -Q:-2021-184 b.
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-237-240
Thus, language, thought, and culture are so interconnected that none of them can function (in turn, does not exist) without the other, forming an organized whole.
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7. Holiqova М. Milliy mentalitet va uning til kartinasi bilan o'zaro bog'liqligi // Til va adbiyot ta'limi. Ilmiy jurnal. - 2002. -№ 6. - B. 23-27
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