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31Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-271-275
EXPRESSION OF THE PHENOMENON OF INTENSIFICATION / DE-INTENSIFICATION AT THE PHONETIC LEVEL
Nasibullo Xabibullo ugli Qurbonov
Fergana State University
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to the phonetic level of the linguistic representation of the de-intensification phenomenon based on the semantic and structural features of the English language. De-intensification refers to the speaker's weak response to reality in speech, i.e., the degree to which the meaning of speech is weakened. The phenomenon of de-intensification is antonymous with the phenomenon of intensification, that is, the increase in meaning, the increase in sensitivity. Deintensive and intensive means help to increase the effectiveness of oral speech, writing works of art, improving the translation of works in foreign languages, films, etc., learning foreign languages, understanding national and cultural similarities and differences between peoples.
Keywords: intensification, de-intensification, phonetic means, phono-stylistics, gemination, pronunciation, stress, two-consonant words.
INTRODUCTION
Each one individually, based on all the possibilities of language a person uses a variety of language tools or language levels in the process of his speech to express the thoughts and concepts in his mind and to express his attitude to the thoughts and content he is expressing.
The fact that a person expresses his thoughts and feelings through language shows that language is directly related to thinking.
The smallest level of language - phonetic means, is also actively involved in the expression of the categories of intensification and de-intensification. It is well known that through phonetic means, which are one of the most important units of language, each speaker can convey his or her emotion to the listener. One of the branches of linguistics, phonostylistics, studies and analyzes such processes and situations related to phonetics. Phonostylistics is a section of stylistics that studies words and phrases as expressive features of pronunciation variants.
Hence, the objectivity of the study of phonetic stylistics is the emotionality in
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-271-275
the speech process, the sensitivity, the resonance in pronunciation, the rules of their artistic use, the aesthetic role.
METHODOLOGY
In English, phonetic devices, along with various other tools, play an important role in expressing the speaker's attitude to an idea and an event in an objective being. In English, in an intensive or de-intensive approach to a thought understood from speech, the emphasis is largely on phonetic means. Emphasis, in turn, affects the meaning of speech and enhances its expressiveness, which means that it creates an event of intensification. In this case, the expressive prosody is radically different from the usual structured morphemes. The first function of expressive emphasis is to make a comparison, that is, to compare an object expressed in speech with another probable object. Example:
- Nowadays, Jim is saving some money. Because he is going to purchase the
r
latest gadget of e-book reader.
Apparently, Jim is saving money to buy a state-of-the-art electronic device.
r
-1 replied that he would much oblige me, if he thought he could do it safely.
(David Copperfield. Charles Dickens, 25)
- "Certainly ", the guard replied; "but passengers know that they have to find transport from here to Allahabad"
(Around the World in Eighty days. Jules Verne, 53)
- She took the stage for her big moment.
(Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (8th edition), 135)
Phonetically, comparative expressive stress is generated by a particular articulatory force and occurs mainly in relation to sentence intonation observed in words with a high level of stress in the last parts of speech. In addition, the question can be expressed in a word with a comparative emphasis in the last sentence. In normal interrogative pronouns, the last word is actually the last word:
- Could you bring me a pen? But when using the word red with an expressive accent:
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-271-275
- Could you bring me a red pen?
Hence, comparative expressive emphasis has a significant effect not only on articulatory change in speech but also on speech tone. Comparative expressive stress expresses differences such as anger, counter-meaning, bitterness, suspicion, and hesitation, which are always difficult to express in normal speech, by reducing the tempo of the speech in the accented word or tone.
Another type of emphasis is called this rhetorical accenteme. This type of stress is determined by the quantitative nature of the flour.
Example:
r
- He lives in a large room.
Usually, the word large in sentences is not separated by a separate blow. Of course, like the comparative emphasis, this tool is also a source of meaning hierarchy, representing an increase in length and an increase in intensity, amazement, surprise, and a variety of unknown and unusual abstracts.
The above examples cannot be expressed on the basis of grammatical norms. Expressive accents are not limited to any articulatory blow tool. For example, the quantitative index of flour is three or four times longer than usual in rhetorical emphasis. Yet length alone is not an independent feature.
- These are tasty apples.
- A: What's your teacher like?
- B: She's fantastic!
- A: What's Joe's house like?
- B: It's enormous!
- This cheese smells bad!
Sometimes expressive emphasis and logical emphasis are seen as a phenomenon. However, in reality, these two phenomena are different from each other. The reason is that a separate part of speech is also emphasized through logical emphasis, but in the process the semantic side of the word is emphasized. In addition to meaning, expressive emphasis expresses the speaker's emotions, subjective attitude to reality (bitterness, approval, surprise, surprise, irony, hesitation, suspicion, etc.).
- "Gentlemen!" said Mr Micawber, after the first salutations, "You are
friends in need, and friends indeed."
- "Oh, you are in low spirits, Mr Micawber," said Traddles.
- "I am, sir," interposed Mr Micawber.
(David Copperfield. Charles Dickens, 92)
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-271-275
In English, the phonetic expression of de-intensive hierarchy is mainly seen in lexical devices with a de-intensive character used before words. This is because, in general, phonetic methods such as - pronouncing a word and a sound or syllable in a speech more strongly, emphasizing or changing the normal position of stress and doubling consonants, as well as prolonging the pronunciation of vowels - increase the moderate (normal) levels of the meaning expressed in that word or sentence (intensive degree). As a result, the rate of growth of the level moves upwards. It is precisely due to the above character of phonetic means that the meaning-enhancing feature of the process is that in English phonetic means are combined with lexical means in the formation of the de-intensification process. If we add more clarity to this process, lexical devices with a de-intensive character through phonetic means will intensify their leveling properties in the speech process and at the same time increase the degree of weakening of meaning in speech. In general, in the above case, the phenomenon of intensive de-intensive hierarchy takes place.
Example:
- Outside is sli-i-ightly cold! You'd better not go out this evening.
- What happened to them remains somewhat of a mystery.
(Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (8th edition), 1471)
It is also possible to reduce the intonation in English as in Uzbek and the deintensive level can be indicated by facial expressions:
- What do you think? Did I do right thing by ignoring Henry when he offered me a favour?
- Aah! I think... you ' rrre right
(Around the World in Eighty days. Jules Verne, 89)
In this situation, the speaker uses the playfulness of intonation and "Aah! I think... you 'rrre right" in this sentence is characterized by the extension of the verb to think and hesitation to be and pauses in between, as well as the de-intensive meaning of the speaker's facial expressions in accordance with the assessment of the situation. In his view, the listener is partially right, and this view is expressed not by lexical, syntactic, or morphological means, as mentioned above, but by a phonetic means - intonation and facial expressions. As we have already mentioned, no linguistic phenomenon occurs spontaneously. The importance of phonetic means in
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-271-275
the assessment of an objective being is great, and through these means the speaker is able to express his opinion clearly. As we have seen, phonetic devices, in particular, have a strong effect on the meaning and intonation of speech, both in speech and in speech, in both languages. Accented syllables can distinguish between a particular syllable in a sentence and a word of special significance, and sometimes reinforce or weaken its meaning.
CONCLUSION
Thus, phonetic means play an important role in expressing the speaker's attitude to the idea and in expressing his conscious assessment of the thought and objective events in the speech, as well as in expressing the expressive expression and logic of facial expressions and gestures in accordance with phonetic means.
REFERENCES
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2. Stanley S. - On the Stress System of English.// WORD. Volume2. Mexico city. 1946. 2 ed - p: 171-174.
3. Dauda M. (Literary stylistics). National Open University of Nigeria. 2013. -E. 70.
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6. Internet source - sentence.yourdictionary.com
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