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The trophic relationship of afelinides (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) in Azerbaijan
Section 1. Biology
Mustafayeva Gulzar Aligeydar, Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan E-mail: zoolog88@mail.ru
The trophic relationship of afelinides (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) in Azerbaijan
Abstract: This article provides information on afelinides (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) revealed for fauna of Azerbaijan Republic. As a result of long-term scientific research 62 species afelinides (removed from scales, armored scales, a plant aphids, etc.) have revealed for the fauna of Azerbaijan. It was prepared a table reflecting trophic communications between afelinides (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) and their owners was prepared, as well as the list of genus afelinides with owners — phytophages.
Keywords: pests, parasites, fauna, entomophag, trophic relationship, afelinides.
Introduction
To use of natural resources of useful entomophages against pests has great theoretical and practical value. Afelinides are widely known as effective entomophages of many harmful insects — scales, plant aphids, whiteflies, successfully apply them in biological control.
However, natural resources of entomophages, including afelinides, still are a little used in the integrated systems of protection of plants from pests. Afelinides are parasites of many harmful insects therefore studying of their owner of parasitic communications allows to estimate prospects of their use for pest control.
29 species are given in the first message on fauna afelinid Azerbaijan [3, 89-94]. According to Mustafayeva G. A. for fauna of East Azerbaijan 46 species afelinid [1, 1-20] are revealed.
The purpose of researches was studying afelinid (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) Azerbaijan, as a basis for development of ways of their practical application in the integrated protection of plants against pests.
Material and methods
As material for the present article the collecting which were carried out in 1990-2013 in the regions ofAzerbaijan from early spring to late fall served. Collecting is carried out as during complex faunistic expeditions of Institute of zoology of NAN of Azerbaijan, and by numerous individual expeditions. Afelinides gathered in natural and cultural the biosenosus by removal from owners and by means of an entomological net [4, 70-121]. For definition of small types made microscopic preparations. For definition afelinides the attributive tables made by Nikolskaya and Yasnosh [2, 47-110], Yasnosh [5, 506-551] were used.
Research results
As a result of long-term researches in Azerbaijan 62 species afelinides, relating to 4 subfamilies and 15 genus are registered. Afelinides are generally connected with Hemiptera.
Larvae afelinides internal, are more rare external parasites Coccoidea, (mainly Scales-Diaspididae), aphids - Aphidoi-dea, aleyrodides - Aleurodidea, is more rare than other insects. Trophic connection afelinides is established with owners. In table 1 these data are given below. Trophic communications are shown in the table afelinides with phytophages.
Results of our researches allows to share afelinides Azerbaijan as trophic relationship into the following groups:
1. Monophagus afelinides — infecting one, is more rare two, three close species of owners. In this group: Eretmocerus haldemani, Aphelinus fulvus, Aphelinus mali, Aphelinus toxopt-eraphidis, Aphytis chilensis, Aphytis chrysomphali, Coccophagus differens, Coccophagus proximus, Pterotrix macropedicellata, Encarsiaformosa, Encarsiaperniciosi, Encarsia leucaspidis, Coc-cobiusgranati, Coccobius mesasiaticus.
2. Oligophagous afelinides infecting pests, belong to various sort ofone tribe and subfamilies. 45 species concern to them.
3. The polyphagues — Polyphagous infecting owners from various families. Be on only few species: Coccophagus lycimnia, Aphelinus chaonia, Aspidiotiphagus citrinus.
The obtained data show that the monophagiya and a poliphagiya be to the few species, the majority of species are oligophagous.
Conclusions
1. Results of ours investigated showed that from 62 species revealed for Azerbaijan by parasites of scales are 30 species of 9 genus, parasites of aphids (Aphidinea) 14 species of 2 genus are, parasites of armored scales and pulvinaries of the 11 species of two genus, parasites whiteflies (Aleyrodinea) are 6 species of 2 genus. 1 species is connected with mealy Pseudococcidae, 1 species is a parasite of Orthoptera.
2. In fauna afelinides Azerbaijan the monophagues (14 species) and a poliphagius (3 species) peculiar to only few species, the majority of species — 45 species are oligophagous.
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Section 1. Biology
Table 1. - Trophic communications afelinides (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) Azerbaijan with their owners — phytophages
Family Aphelinidae. Owners afelinides
Genus and species afelinides (Species of pests).
1 2
Genus - Aphelinus Dalman,1820 1. Aphelinis asychis Walker. Hyalopterus pruni Geoffr.
2. Aphelinus chaonia Walker. Aphis gossypii Glov . 2 Dysaphis devecta Walk. 2 Chaitophorus niger Mordv . 2 Brachycaudis helichrysi Kalt. 2 Aphis umbrella C. B. 2 Aphis farinosa Gmell. 2 Aphis fabae Sc. 2 Aphis genistae Scop. 2 Aphis craccivora Koch. 2 Hyalopterus pruni Geoffr. 2
3. Aphelinus daucicola Kurdjumov Brachycaudis cardui L. 2 Siphocorine eylosyei Schre. 2
4. Aphelinus flavipes (=A.kurdjumovi) Mercet. Diaspis devecta Wlk. 2 Brachycaudis helichrysi Kalt. 2 Aphis craccivora Koch. 2 Aphis rufula Walk. 2 Shisaphis graminium Rond. 2 Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch. 2
5. Aphelinus fulvus (Yasnosh) Chaetophorus capreae Koch. 2
6. Aphelinus fusciscapus Foerster. The owner isn’t known.
7. Aphelinus brunneus Yasnosh Aphis, fabae Scop. 2
8. Aphelinus mali (Haliday) Friosoma lanigerum Hausm. 2
9. Aphelinus (Mesidiopsis) subflavescens (Westwood). Tuberculatus querceus Kalt. 2
10. Aphelinus varipes Foerster. Aphis gossypii Glow. 2
11. Aphelinus toxopteraphidis Kurd. Sphizaphis graminum Rond. 2
12. Aphelinus bicolor Yasnosh Aphis fabae Scop. 2
13. Aphelinus transversus Thoms. The pests isn’t known.
Genus Protaphelinus Mackauer 14. Protaphelinus nikolskajae (Yasnoch) (= Aphelinus nikolskaya Yasnoch) Pemphigus bursarius L. 2 Pemphigus lichtensteini Tullg. 2
Genus Marietta Motschylsky 15. Marietta picta (Andre). Parthenolecanium persicae F. 1
16. Marietta zebra (Kurd). Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonsc. 1 Pulvinaria betulae L. 1 Pulvinariafloccifera (Westw.) 1 Pulvinaria sp. 1
17. Marietta picta (Andre). Planococcus citri Risso 4
Genus Eretmocerus Haldemani, 1850 18. Eretmocerus haldemani Howard Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw 3 Aleurodes proletella L. 3
Genus Aphytis Howard, 1895 19. Aphytis aonidea Mercet. Lepidosaphes granati Kor. Carulaspis minima Targ. Epidiaspis leperii Siqnorett Diaspidiotuspyri (Lichtenstein). Diaspidiotus prunorum Laing.
20. Aphytis chilensis Howard Aspidiotus nerii Bche.
21. Aphytis maculicornis Masi Parlatoria oleae Golvee.
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The trophic relationship of afelinides (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) in Azerbaijan
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22. Aphytis mytilaspidis Le Baron Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs Aulacaspis rosae Bche. Salicicola kermanensis Lndgr. Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt. Nuculaspis abietis Schr. Tecaspisprunorum Borchsenius. Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky. Lepidosaphes granati Kor. Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Lepidosaphes, ficus Sign.
23. Aphytisproclia Walker Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni - Tozzetti. Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. Diaspidiotus pyri Licht.
24. Aphytis testaceus Tschum Carulaspis minima Targ. Lepidosaphes granati Kor. Epidiaspis leperii Siqnorett.
25. Aphytis hispanicus Merc. Parlatoria oleae Golvee. Carulaspis visci Schr Aspidiotus nerii Bche. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morg.
26. Aphytis chrysomphalu Merc. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morg.
27. Aphytis moldavicus Yasnosh Diaspidiotus pyri Licht. Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Epidiaspis leperii Siqnorett.
Genus Coccobius Ratseburg, 1852 28. Coccobiusgranati Yasnosh and Mustafayeva sp. n. Lepidosaphes granati Kor.
29. Coccobius pistasicolus (Yasnosh) Lepidosaphes pistaciae Arch.
30. Coccobius mesasiaticus (Yasnosh et Myartseva) Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borch.
31. Coccobius testaceus (Masi) Lepidosaphes conchiformis Gmel. Lepidosaphes ficus Sign. Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Lepidosaphes granati Kor. Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Gurt.
Genus Coccophagus Westwood,1833 32. Coccophagus differens Yasnosh. Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonsc.
33. Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker) Coccus hesperidum L. 1 Coccuspseudomagnoliarum Kum. 1 Parthenolecanium corni Bche. 1 Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonsc. 1 Parthenolecanium persicae F. 1 Eulecanium bituberculatum Targ. 1 Eulecanium rugulosum (Arc.) 1 Rhodococcus turanicum Arch. 1 Pulvinaria, floccifera (Westw.) 1
34. Coccophagus maculipennis Yasnosh. Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll. 1 Pulvinaria sp. 1
35. Coccophagus insidiator Dalman Physokermes piceae Sch. 1
36. Coccophagus proximus Yasnosh Spharolecanium prunastri Fonsc. 1
37. Coccophagus piceae Erd. Pulvinaria sp. 1 Pulvinaria betulae L. 1
38. Coccophagus semicircularis Forst (= C.scutellarus Dalman). Parthenolecanium persicae F. 1 Coccus hesperidum L. 1
39. Coccophagus paleolecanii Yasnosh** Paleolecanium bituberculatum Targ. 1
40. Coccophagus signatus Yasnosh Pulvinaria floccifera (Westw.) 1 Pulvinaria sp. 1
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Genus Ablerus Howard, 1894 41. Ablerus atomon (Walker) Aulacaspis rosae Bche. Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt. Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs. Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst.
42. Ablerus celsus Walker Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Lepidosaphes granati Kor.
43. Ablerus chrysomphali Ghesguire Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs. Chrysomphalus dictuospermi Morg., Parlatoria oleae Colvee
Genus Pteroptrix Westwood, 1833 44. Pteroptrix macropedicellata (Malac). Aulacaspis rosae Bche.
Genus Archenomus Howard, 1898 45. Archenomus bicolor Howard Aspidiotus nerii Bche. Tecaspis asiatica Arch. Diaspidiotus pyri Lichtenstein
46. Archenomus caucasicus Yasnosh Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. Diaspidiotus prunorum Laig.
47. Archenomus longiclavae Giralt. Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt. Lepidosaphes granati Kor. Lepidosaphes ulmi L.
48. Archenomus maritimus (Nikolska-yae) Lepidosaphes granati Kor. Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. Diaspidiotus pyri (Lichtenstein).
Genus Hispaniella Mercet, 1911 49. Hispaniella lauri Mercet Salicicola kermanensis Lndgr. Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comst) Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt
Genus Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 1894 50. Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Graw. Parlatoria oleae Colve. Aspidiotus nerii Bche Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni — Tozzetti. Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. Diaspidiotus prunorum Laing. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morg. Diaspis echinocacti Bche. Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Lepidosaphes glov erii Pack. Carulaspis minima Targ. Aulacaspis rosae Bche. Tecaspis prunorum Borchsenius. Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky
Genus Diaspiniphagus Silvestri, 1927 51. Diaspiniphagus similis (Masi) Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt.
Genus Encarsia Foerster, 1878 52. Encarsia aurantii (Howard) Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Lepidosaphes glov erii Pack. Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni — Tozzetti.
53. Encarsia gigas Tshum Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt.
54. Encarsia fasciata (Malenetti) Lecaspispusilla Loew. Unaspis evonymi Comst. Adiscodiaspis tamaricicola Mal.
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The trophic relationship of afelinides (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) in Azerbaijan
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54. Aulacaspis rosae Bche Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Aonidea lauri Boche.
55. Encarsia intermedia Ferr. Nuculaspis abietis Schr. Lopholeucaspis yaponka Ckll.
56. Encarsia perniciosi Tow. Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst.
57. Encarsia formosa Gahan Trialeurodes vaporariorumWestw3
58. Encarsiapartenopea (Masi) Aleurodes proletella L. 3 Triauleurodes vaporariorum West 3
59. Encarsia tricolor Foerster Aleurodes proletella L. 3 Siphoninus phyllyreae Hal. 3
60. Encarsia gautieri (Mercet) Siphoninus phyllyreae Hal. 3
61. Encarsia leucaspidis Merc. Leucaspis pusilla Loew.
Genus Centrodora Foerster,1878 62. Centrodora amoena Foerster Xiphidium dorseatum Latz. 5
Note: Systematic accessory owners-pests has the following designations:
Scales - without mark, a armored scales - 1, aphids - 2, aleyrodides - 3, pseudococcidae - 4, orthoptera - 5
Table 2. - Communications of Genus of afelinides with pests - phytophages
Pests - Phytophages
Scales Armored scales Whiteflies, aleyrodides Aphids Pseudococcidae Orthoptera
Aphytis Howard Coccophagus Westwood Eretmocerus Haldeman Aphelinus Dalman Marietta Motschylsky Centrodora Foerster
Coccobius Ratseburg. Marietta Motschylsky Encarsia Foerster Protaphelinus Mackauer
Ablerus Howard
Pterotrix Westwood
Archenomus Howard
Hispaniella Mercet.
Aspidiotiphagus Howard.
Diaspiniphagus Silvestri
Encarsia Foerster
References:
1. Mustafayeva G. A. Afelinides (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) East Azerbaijan (Fauna, ecology and economic value). Avtoref. yew., Biol. Sci. special. Entomology. - 1990.
2. Nikolskaya M. N., Yasnosh V. A. Afelinides of the European part of the USSR and Caucasus. - M - L.: Science, 1966.
3. Rzayeva L. M., Yasnosh V. A. Materials to fauna studying a halcid (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) Azerbaijan. - News ANAS of Azerbaijan Republic, - 1979, - № 2.
4. Tryapitsyn V. A., Shapiro V. A., Shepetilnikova V. A. Parazites and predators of pests agricultural cultures. - L.: Ear, 1982.
5. Yasnosh VA. Family Aphelinidae - Afelinides. Determinant of insects of the Far East of Russia - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 1995, - T. IV. - H. 2.
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