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© Zoological Institute, St.Petersburg, 2005
Checklist and new data on Encyrtidae of Transcaucasia and Turkey (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
GO. Japoshvili & J.S. Noyes
Japoshvili, G.O. & Noyes, J.S. 2005. Checklist and new data on Encyrtidae of Transcaucasia and Turkey (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Zoosystematica Rossica, 14(1): 135-145.
Distributional and host records are summarised for 307 species, belonging to 101 genera that are recorded from Transcaucasia and Turkey. Of these, 160 species are recorded from Georgia, 171 from Armenia, 145 from Azerbaijan and 111 from Turkey; 21 species are recorded for the first time from Georgia, 34 from Turkey and 3 from Azerbaijan; one species from Georgia (Discodes valentinae sp. n.) is described as new; Ericydnus aeneus Nikol’skaya is restored as a distinct species (not a synonym of E. robustior Mercet); four species are treated as junior synonyms (Callipteroma testacea Motschulsky = C. baglan-ensis Myartseva,Microterys bellae Trjapitzin = M. eulecanii Pilipjuk & Sugonjaev, Psyl-laephagus elaeagni Trjapitzin = P. bachardenicus Myartseva = P. rubriscutellatus Myartseva); other possible synonyms are also discussed and 17 new host records are presented.
G.O. Japoshvili, Department of Invertebrate Animals, Institute of Zoology, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Chavchavadze av. 31, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia. E-mail: [email protected]
J.S. Noyes, Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
The Hymenopteran superfamily Chalcidoidea is a hyperdiverse group of insects currently including some 22,500 described species worldwide. However, this group has received relatively little attention from taxonomists in the past with the result that only a tiny proportion of the likely fauna of the World has been described yet recent estimates suggest that there may be at least 500,000 species worldwide (Noyes, 2000). Most species are parasitoids of other arthropods with more than 500 families acting as hosts. These hosts range from mites, ticks and spiders to immature stages of most orders of insects.
Of the included families, the Encyrtidae is particularly important as many species regulate pests, or potential pests of natural or agricultural ecosystems. This family is one of the most important groups in the biological control of agricultural insect pests (Greathead, 1985; Noyes, 1985). Thus the group is particularly important in parts of the world where natural control is preferable to pesticide use for ecological, financial or political reasons. This is largely the case in the Caucasus and adjacent countries such as Turkey. The first comprehensive account of encyrtids from
the area is that of Trjapitzin (1968) who recorded 173 species of encyrtids from the Caucasus, including only 74 from Georgia. In his key to the Palaearctic encyrtids (Trjapitzin, 1989), 248 species were cited from Transcaucasia. The number of species known from Georgia later increased to 144 (Yasnosh, 1972; Trjapitzin, 1989; Japoshvili, 2000a, 2000b). Herthevtzian (1986) noted 170 species from Armenia and Rzaeva (2002) recorded 146 species from Azerbaijan. Trjapitzin & Doganlar (1997) recorded only 50 species from Turkey, but a further 18 species were recorded by other authors (Tunfyurek, 1970; Japoshvili & Karaca, 2002, 2004; Karaca & Japoshvili, 2002; Uygun et al., 2004; Japoshvili, 2005). When compared with the more than 230 species recorded from the United Kingdom (Noyes, 2004), a relatively small area, it is likely that the recorded encyrtid fauna of these areas represents only a tiny fraction of the actual fauna.
This paper is intended to summarise the published data concerning Encyrtidae in the region, and also to communicate new data resulting largely from survey work undertaken in Georgia and Turkey by the senior author since 1994. For synonymy, distribution of species, and references to previous records from the region, see Noyes (2004).
Material and methods
In parentheses, we list the material examined in the scope of this study and compared with the specimens from the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Most of the new records are based on material deposited in the collections of the Institute of Zoology, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, including that collected in Georgia and Turkey by the first author during 1994-2004. Additional records are based on material housed in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London.
Morphological terminology follows that of Trjapitzin (1989), Noyes & Woolley (1994) and Gibson et al. (1997). Abbreviations used in the text are as follows: AOL - distance between posterior and anterior ocelli; EL - maximum eye length; F1, F2, etc. - first funicle segment, second funicle segment, etc.; FV - maximum frontovertex width; FVL - maximum frontovertex length; GL - maximum gonostylus (third valvu-la) length; GW - gonostylus width; HW - maximum head width; MS - malar space (shortest distance from eye to mouth margin); MT - middle tibia length; OCL - occipital-ocellar line (shortest distance between posterior ocellus and occipital margin); OL - ovipositor length; OOL -ocular-ocellar line (shortest distance between posterior ocellus and adjacent eye margin); OPL -outer plate length; OPW - outer plate width; POD - diameter of posterior ocellus; POL - posterior ocellar line (shortest distance between the posterior ocelli); TA - distance between toruli and anterior ocellus.
Abbreviations for depositories of specimens mentioned below are as follows: BMNH - Natural History Museum, London, UK; IZGAS - Institute of Zoology, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia; ZIN - Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russia.
Abbreviations for collectors are as follows: B. - Babayan; B.A. - B. Aslan; B.K. - B. Kay-dan; C.O. - C. Oncuer; D.K. - D. Kasparyan; E.E. - E. Erkin; E.S. - E. Sugonjaev; G.J. - G. Japoshvili; H. - Herthevtzian; H.G. - H. Gi-ray; I.K. - I. Khojevanishvili; I.S. - I. Sulikash-vili; J.N. - J. Noyes; L.E. - L. Erkilic; L.R. -L. Rzaeva; M.A. - M. Akhvlediani; N.D. - N. Dikyar; O.D. - O. Demirozer; P. - Prokopenko; S.I. - S. Ibadova; S.M. - S. Myartseva; S.U. -S. Ulgenturk; Sh.B. - Sh. Barjadze; T.Ch. - T. Chkhaidze; V.T. - V. Trjapitzin; V. Y. - V. Yas-nosh; Z.H. - Z. Hajibeili.
Abbreviations for countries: AR - Armenia; AZ - Azerbaijan; GE - Georgia; TR - Turkey. New records are asterisked (*).
List of species
Achalcerinys lindus (Mercet, 1921). AR, TR (4 F , Ankara: Oyak Cagmas Mahe, ex pseudococcids on Cyn-odon dactylon, 4.IX.2002, B.K.; 1 F, Ankara: Cubuk Kara Gol yaylasi, ex Trionymus aberrans on Triticum, 17.X.2001, B.K., IZGAS). - The record from AZ (Trjapitzin, 1989) is probably in error, as the species is not included in the most recent list for that country (Rzaeva, 2002).
Adelencyrtus aulacaspidis (Brèthes, 1914). AZ, GE, TR.
Agekianella notatifemur (Hoffer, 1976). GE.
Ageniaspis atricollis (Dalman, 1820). GE.
A. avetianae Trjapitzin & Herthevtzian, 1971. AR.
A. fuscicollis (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE (3 F, incl. 1 F on slide, Adigeni: Ude, swept on Pyrus, 6.VIII.1995,
G.J., IZGAS), TR (12 F, 6 M, Ankara: Cubuk, ex larva of Yponomeuta on apple, 28.VI. and 6.VII.1960, N.D., BMNH).
A. longicornis Trjapitzin, 1968. AR.
A. testaceipes (Ratzeburg, 1848). AR, AZ, GE.
Aglyptus rufus (Dalman, 1820). AZ.
Anagyrus aligarhensis Agarwal & Alam, 1959. AR, AZ, GE, TR.
A. belibus (Walker, 1837). AZ, GE.
A. bouceki Hoffer, 1953. AR, AZ, *GE (1 F, Betania, forest, swept, 23.VII.1960, M.A., IZGAS).
A. galinae (Myartseva, 1982). *GE (1 F, Babaneuri, swept, 23.V.1961, M.A., IZGAS).
A. matritensis (Mercet, 1921). AZ.
A. nitidus Trjapitzin & Rzaeva, 1967. AZ.
A. orbitalis (Ruschka, 1923). AR, *TR (14 F, 4 M, Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N.; 1 F, Mugla: Fethiye, 300 m, Olu Deniz, 31.VIII.1992, J.N.; 2 F, 2 M, Mugla: nr Fethiye, 4 km N. Olu Deniz, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.;
1 F, 43 km, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N.; 3
F, 2 M, 44 km, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 1000 m, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.; 4 F, 1 M, 56 km, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
A. pseudococci (Girault, 1915). AR, AZ, GE (4 F, 4 M, incl. 1 F , 1 M on slide, Tbilisi: Ortachala, ex Plano-coccus ficus on Ficus, 16.VIII.-2.IX.1998, G.J., IZGAS), TR (1 F, 1 M, Hatay: Dortuol, ex P. citri on Citrus, 5.VII.2002, B.K.; 1 M, Isparta, ex P. vovae on Cupressus, 5-10.VII.2001, G.J.; 9 M, Ankara, ex P. citri on Citrus,
5.VI.2002, S.U.; 2 M, Ankara, ex P. ficus on Citrus, 25.VIII.2002, S.U.; 1 F, 1 M, Adana, ex P. vovae on Juniperus, 15.VI-1.VII.2001, G.J., IZGAS; 1 F, 56 km, Fe-thiye-Korkuteli Rd, 1000 m, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.; 1 M, Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
A. schoenherri (Westwood, 1837). Ar, AZ, TR (3 F, Ankara, ex Phenacoccus aceris on Fraxinus, 4.VII.2000,
B.K. (slides), IZGAS).
A. spaici Hoffer, 1970. GE.
A. tamaricicola Trjapitzin, 1968. GE.
Anicetus italicus (Masi, 1917). TR.
Anthemus pini Ferrière, 1927. AZ, GE.
A. funicularis (Bakkendorf, 1939). GE (1 F, 4 M, incl.
1 F, 1 M on slide, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Leucaspis loewi on Pinus, 21.V.-5.VI.1995, G.J.; 4 F, 3 M, Khazbegi, ex L. sp. on Pinus, 28.VI.-23.VII.2003, G.J., IZGAS), *TR (7 F, 4 M, Ankara: Haskoy malazgirt cad., ex probably L. sp. on Pinus nigra, 4.VI.2003, B.K., IZGAS).
Anusia nasicornis Förster, 1860. AR, AZ, GE.
Aphycinus magdalinae Trjapitzin, 1962. AR.
Aphycoides clavellatus (Dalman, 1820). GE (1 F, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Physokermes hemicryphus on Picea, 27.V.1998, G.J. (slide), IZGAS), TR (3 F, Ankara, ex Physokermes sp. on Picea pungens, 24.IV. and 8-
9.VI.1998, B.K. (slides), IZGAS).
Aphycus apicalis (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, «GE (1 F, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., swept on Buxus, 16.VIII.2003, G.J. (slide); 1 F, Tsagveri, on Platanus orientalis, 26.VI.1972, V.Y., IZGAS). - Comment: body colour varies from yellow to dark brown.
A. hadzibejliae Trjapitzin, 1962. AR, AZ (1 F, Baku: park, ex Phenacoccus aceris on peach, 11.V. 1973, BMNH), GE (4 F, Tbilisi, ex P. aceris on Fraxinus,
3.VII.1958, V.Y., IZGAS).
A. longicornis Trjapitzin, 1962. AR, GE.
A. pallidus Trjapitzin, 1962. AR, AZ.
A. primus (Mercet, 1917). «TR (1 F, Mugla: Tlos, 500700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
A. sumavicus Hoffer, 1954. GE.
Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888. AZ, GE.
Aschitus aeneiventris (Walker, 1837). AR.
A. annulatus Erdös, 1957. «TR (1 F, Mugla: 56 km
E. Fethyie, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 1200 m, juniper scrub,
23.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
A. sugonjaevi (Trjapitzin, 1968). AZ.
Asitus phragmitis (Ferrière, 1955). AR, AZ.
Avetianella capnodiobia Trjapitzin, 1968. AR.
Baeocharis pascuorum Mayr, 1876. AR, AZ.
Blastothrix aprica Sugonjaev, 1964. AR (1 F, Megri,
ex Eulecanium, 20.V.1961, B., ZIN), AZ.
B. britannica Girault, 1920. AR, AZ, GE (11 F, Batumi, ex Eulecanium on Persica, 25.V.1961, M.A., IZGAS).
B. erythrostetha (Walker, 1847). AR, GE, «TR (1 F, Mugla: 43 km E. Fethiye, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, dry river gulley, 23.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
B. gurselae Japoshvili & Karaca, 2004. TR.
B. hungarica Erdös, 1959. «AZ (6 F, 2 M, incl. 2 Ç on slide, ex Parthenolecanium persicae, 6.V. 1961, I.K., IZGAS), GE, TR (1 F, Isparta: Kuleonu, ex P. persicae or Eulecanium rugulosum on Prunus, 5-16.VI.2002,
G. J., IZGAS). - Comment: it is likely that B. turanica,
B. hungarica, and B. britannica are synonymous as they differ only slightly in the relative lengths of the fore wing venation.
B. longipennis Howard, 1881. AR, AZ, GE (1 F, 1 M, Tbilisi: above Lisi, ex Parthenolecanium corni on Padus racemosa, 6-21.VI.1998, G.J. (slides); 3 F, 3 M, incl. 1 F,
1 M on slide, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex P. corni on Prunus, 27-28.V. 1998, G.J.; 5 F, 5 M, Tskneti, ex P. corni on Fraxinus, 7.VI.1961, M.A.; 2 F, 2 M, Tbilisi: above Lisi, ex P. rufulum on Corylus, 6-21.VI.1998, G.J.; 3 F, 3 M, Tbilisi: Kairo st., ex P. corni on Prunus, 1-10.V.1999, G.J.;
1 F, Adigeni: Ude, 6.VIII.1995, G.J.; 5 F, Tbilisi: Turtles lake, ex P. corni on Crataegus, 16.V-3.VI.1998, G.J.; 2 F,
2 M, Tbilisi: Turtles lake, ex P. corni on Acacia,16.V-28.V.1998, G.J.; 1 F, 1 M, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Sphae-rolecanium prunastri on Prunus, 21.V-5.VI.1995, G.J.;
2 F, 1 M, Tbilisi: Mtskheta st., ex P. corni on Fraxinus,
16.V.-5.VI.1998, G.J.; 3 F, 2 M, nr. Tbilisi sea, ex P. cor-ni on Fraxinus, 21-25.V.1998, G.J.; 2 F, 1 M, Tbilisi: above Nutsubidze near church, Agarakebi, ex P. corni on Frax-inus, 6-7.VI.1998, G.J.; 6 F, 1 M, same locality, ex P. cor-ni on Padus racemosa, 6-21.VI.1998, G.J.; 1 F, 1 M, same locality, ex P. corni on Crataegus, 6-8.VI.1998, G.J.; 4 F, Tbilisi: Ethn. Museum, ex P. corni on Fraxinus, 16-
25.V.1998, G.J., IZGAS), TR (1 F, Ankara, ex P. rufulum on Quercus, 27.IV.1998, S.U., IZGAS). - Comment: Blas-tothrix ilicicola Mercet may be a synonym of B. longipen-nis as it was considered to be a possible synonym of B. confusa (= longipennis) previously by Boucek (1961), Chumakova (1961) and Ferrière in Sugonjaev (1965).
B. nikolskajae Sugonjaev, 1964. AR (1 F, Shurnukhi-Goriskii region, on Spiraea, 7.IX.1956, V.T., ZIN), GE (6 F , 3 M, incl. 1 F , 1 M on slides, Tbilisi: Ethn. Museum, ex Rhodococcus spiraeae on Spiraea, 16-25.V. 1998, G.J.;
9 F, 2 M, incl. 2 F, 1 M on slides, Tbilisi: Saburtalo, ex R. spiraeae on Spiraea, 6-10.VI.1998, G.J.; 1 F, Mtskheta, ex R. spiraeae on Spiraea, 31.V. 1958, V.Y.; 1 F, Karsa-
ni, ex R. spiraeae on Spiraea, 11.VI.1969, V.Y.; 1 F, Tbi-
lisi: Bot. Gard., ex Physokermes hemicryphus on Picea,
17.V.-10.VI.1998, G.J., IZGAS).
B. sericea (Dalman, 1820). GE, TR.
B. turanica Sugonjaev, 1964. AR, AZ, GE, TR.
Bothriothorax aralius (Walker, 1837). AR, AZ.
B. clavicornis (Dalman, 1820). AR, TR.
B. serratellus (Dalman, 1820). AR, TR.
B. trichops Thomson, 1876. Ar.
Boucekiella depressa Hoffer, 1954. AR, AZ.
Callipteroma sexguttata Motschulsky, 1863. AR, AZ,
GE, «TR (2 F, 1 M, Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
C. testacea Motschulsky, 1863 (= baglanensis Myartseva, 1982, syn. n. Holotype: F, Afghanistan, ZIN, examined). «TR (2 F, 1 M, Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m,
27.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH). - Comment: Specimens of C. testacea present in the collections of the BMNH show the complete range of colouration of the thorax and base of abdomen being almost completely yellow to largely brown. We therefore have no doubt that C. baglanensis is a dark form of C. testacea and have no hesitation in treating the two names as synonyms.
Ceballosia dusmeti Mercet, 1921. AR, AZ. - Variation: Females vary from being brachypterous to fully winged.
Cerapterocerus celadus (Walker, 1838). AR, AZ, GE
(1 F , 3 M, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Eriococcus buxi on Bux-us, 25.VI.1970, I.K.; 1 F, Gori: Variani, ex Eriopeltisfes-tucae, 17.VII.1966, V.Y.; 3 F, 1 M, Vashlovani, ex Scythia stipae on Poaceae, 30.VI.1965, I.K., IZGAS).
C. mirabilis Westwood, 1833. AR, AZ, GE (1 M, Vashlovani, ex Scythia stipae, 21.VII.1968, V.Y. (slide);
2 F, 1 M, incl. 1 F, 1 M on slide, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Sphaerolecanium prunastri on Prunus, 21.V. 1995, G.J.;
1 F, Tbilisi, ex S. prunastri on Prunus, 12.VI.1967, V.Y.;
2 M, Tbilisi, ex S. prunastri on Prunus, 27.VI.1961, M.A., IZGAS), TR (1 M, Cire (Jire), ex Kermes palestiniensis on Quercus coccifera, 18-28.VI.2002, G.J. (slide); 2 F, incl. 1 F on slide, Kuleonu, ex S. prunastri on Prunus, 1-
4.VI.2001, G.J.; 2 F, 2 M, Egirdir, ex S.prunastri on Prunus, 3-8.VII.2001, G.J.; 4 F, Izmir, ex S. prunastri,
20.VI.1974, C.O., BMNH).
Cerchysiella laeviscuta (Thomson, 1876). «GE (1 F, Velistsikhe: Meskhi, 29.VII.1963, V.Y., IZGAS).
C. planiscutellum (Mercet, 1921). AR, AZ, GE (1 F, Tskneti, 26.VI.1966, V.Y., IZGAS), TR.
Cerchysius subplanus (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE (1 F, Tbilisi: Natakhtari, on Quercus, 4.VII.1966, V.Y., IZGAS), TR.
Cercobelus jugaeus Walker, 1840. AR, AZ.
Charitopus fulviventris Förster, 1860. AR, AZ, «TR (13 F , 2 M, Mugla: 44 km E. Fethiye, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 1000 m, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.; 1 F, Mugla: 43 km Fe-thiye-Korkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N.; 5 F, Mugla: nr Fethiye, 4 km N. Olu Deniz, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.; 2 F, Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N.; 2 F, 1 M, 56 km, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
C. obscurus (Erdös, 1946). AR, AZ.
C. trjapitzini Hoffer, 1980. AR.
Cheiloneurus boldyrevi Trjapitzin & Agekian, 1978. AR, GE. - Comment: This species is possibly synonymous with C. claviger but this needs to be confirmed by examination of the holotype (ZIN).
C. claviger Thomson, 1876. AR, AZ, GE (2 F, incl.1 F on slide, nr. Tbilisi sea, ex Parthenolecanium corni on Fraxinus, 21.V. 1998, G.J.; 1 F, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex
Ceroplastus japonicus on Ilex, 5-8.VI.1995, G.J.; 1 F, Akhmeta: Babaneuri, ex P. rufulum on Quercus, 17.VI.-
3.VII.1997, G.J.; 1 F, Tbilisi Ethn. Mus., ex Rhodococ-cus spiraeae on Spiraea, 16-25.V. 1998, G.J.; 1 F, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Rh. turanicus on Corylus, 27-28.V.1998,
G.J.; 1 F, Vashlovani, ex Stotzia maxima on Ephedra procera, 18.VI.1966, V.Y.; 1 F, Vashlovani, ex Pulvina-ria sp. on Populus, 11.VI.1969, V.Y., IZGAS), TR. - New host records: Ceroplastes japonicus, Parthenolecanium rufulum, Rhodococcus spiraeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae). -Variation: We have noted some variation in colour with F5-F6 varying from white to dark brown and the abdomen from yellow to dark brown.
C. elegans (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE.
C. kollari Mayr, 1876. AR, AZ, GE (1 F, Gori: Vari-ani, ex Eriopeltis festucae, 17.VII.1966, V.Y.; 1 F, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Planchonia arabidis on Hedera,
10.V.1966, V.Y., IZGAS).
C. paralia (Walker, 1837). AR, AZ, GE (1 F, 1 M, Vashlovani, ex Stotzia maxima on Ephedra procera,
18.VI.1966, V.Y., IZGAS), TR.
C. quercus Mayr, 1876. TR.
C. submuticus Thomson, 1876. AR.
Choreia inepta (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ.
C. maculata Hoffer, 1954. AR, AZ, GE (123 M, Vashlovani: ex Scythia stipae on Poaceae, 30.VI.1965, I.K., 5 F; 2 M, Tbilisi, ex Eulecanium festucae on Poaceae, 28.VI.1960, M.A., IZGAS), «TR (1 F, 1 M, Ankara, ex Eriopeltis sp. on Poaceae, 1.VII.1999, S.U. (slide), IZGAS).
Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915. «TR (1 F , Adana: Chukurova, ex Carulaspis minima on Thuja, 15.VI.-2.VII.2001, G.J.; 1 F, 1 M, Isparta, ex Planococ-cus vovae on Cupressus, 10.VII.2001, G.J.; 1 F, Antalia: Kursunlu, ex Aspidiotus nerii on Oleander, 24-28.VI.2001, G.J., IZGAS). - New host records: Aspidio-tus nerii, Carulaspis minima (Hemiptera: Diaspididae); Planococcus vovae (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).
Coeolopencyrtus callidii (Jansson, 1957). TR.
Comperiella bifasciata Howard, 1906. AZ, GE, TR (28 F , 35 M, incl. 24 F , 31 M on slides, Antalia: Adrasan, ex Aonidiella aurantii on Cherry laurel, 25.VIII-5.IX. 2001, G.J., IZGAS).
Copidosoma agrotis (Fonscolombe, 1832). AR, «GE (23 F , 28 M, incl. 8 F , 10 M on slides, Ninotsminda: Lake Sagamo, swept on the Poaceae, 15.VIII.1997, GJ., IZGAS). - Comments: This species is very close to C. cuproviride Springate & Noyes, both species having similar antennae and “lineolate” sculpture on scutellum medially that contrasts with the large polygonal cells on the mesoscutum. However, in females of C. agrotis the ovipositor is relatively shorter (not more than 1.3 times as long as the middle tibia) and not exserted, or hardly so, whereas in C. cu-proviride it is longer (at least 1.4 times as long as the middle tibia and clearly exserted). Further work may show that the two species are synonymous, but we are treating the specimens from Georgia as C. agrotis as the females have the ovipositor a little less than 1.3 times as long as the middle tibia.
C. albipes (Westwood, 1837). GE.
C. atheas (Walker, 1837). «GE (5 F, incl. 2 F on slide, Ninotsminda: Lake Sagamo, swept on the Poaceae, 15.VIII.1997, G.J., IZGAS).
C. augasmatis Trjapitzin, 1968. AR, AZ.
C. boucheanum Ratzeburg, 1844. AR, TR.
C. breviclava Hoffer, 1970. «GE (1 F, Variani, 8.VI. 1969, V.Y. (slide); 2 F, Tbilisi: Turtles lake, swept, 21.VI.2000, G.J., IZGAS), TR.
C. cervius (Walker, 1846). GE (3 F, incl. 1 F on slide, Racha ridge, south-eastern slope, 1800 m, swept,
7.VIII.2003, G.J., IZGAS).
C. chalconotum (Dalman, 1820). AR.
C. filicorne (Dalman, 1820). AR, «GE (1 F, Tskneti,
26.VI.1969, V.Y. (slide), IZGAS).
C. flagellare (Dalman, 1820). AZ.
C. floridanum Ashmead, 1900. AZ, GE (1 M, Kobu-leti: Legva, Choloki, 3.VIII.1996, G.J. (slide); 5 M, incl. 1 M on slide, Kharagauli: Sakreula gorge, 18.VIII.1995,
G.J.; 1 F, Adigeni: Ude, 6.VIII.1995, GJ. (slide); 1 F, Tetri tsklebi, 29.VII.1961, M.A.; 1 F, Akhmeta: Babaneuri, 23.VII.1961, M.A.; 1 F, Avadkhara, 13.VIII.1961, M.A.; 1 F, Ninotsminda: nr. Lake Sagamo, on the Poace-ae, 15.VIII.1997, G.J.; 1 M, Kharagauli: Vardzia, Jvari, 25.VIII.1995, G.J.; 1 F, 1 M, Racha ridge, south-eastern slope, 1800 m, 7.VIII.2003, G.J., IZGAS), TR.
C. genale (Thomson, 1876). «GE (3 M, incl. 2 M on slide, Ninotsminda: nr. Lake Sagamo, on the Poaceae, 15.VIII.1997, G.J., IZGAS).
C. gloriosum (Mercet, 1917). «GE (6 M, Tbilisi: Turtles lake, 21.VI.2000, G.J., IZGAS).
C. minutum (Herthevtzian, 1979). AR.
C. peticus (Walker, 1846). «GE (1 M, Gorge Vere, on Elaeagnus, 9.VII.1997, G.J., IZGAS).
C. phthorimaeae Logvinovskaya, 1982. GE.
C. sashegyense Erdös, 1957. GE.
C. sosares (Walker, 1837). GE.
C. sp. aff. thebe (Walker, 1838). GE.
C. truncatellum (Dalman, 1820). «GE (1 F, Tetri tsklabi, 29.VII.1961, M.A. (slide); 2 F, 2 M, Nadikvari, 30.VIII.1961, M.A.; 1 F, Avadkhara, 13.VIII.1961, M.A.; 1 M, Tbilisi: Turtles lake, 21.VI.2000, G.J.; 2 F, Kiketi-Samadlo-Tetritskaro Rd, 13.VII.2000, G.J.; 1 F, Racha ridge, above Khorkhebi, near forest, 1400-1700 m, 7.VIII. 2003, G.J., IZGAS), TR (1 M, Isparta: Sutcular, Adada,
10.VII.2002, G.J., IZGAS).
C. varicorne (Nees, 1834). AR, AZ.
C. vicinum (Herthevtzian, 1979). AR.
Cowperia areolata (Walker, 1872). AR, GE, TR. Dicarnosis sugonjaevi Myartseva, 1977. «TR (2 F ,
Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
D. superba Mercet, 1921. AZ (4 F, Divichi, dry hills,
27.V.1962, V.T., ZIN and BMNH).
D. vicina Trjapitzin & Hoffer, 1977. AR, AZ. Dinocarsiella alpina (Girault, 1917). AR, AZ, GE. Dinocarsis hemiptera (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, TR.
D. hofferi Graham, 1966. «GE (29 F, incl. 6 F on slide, Ninotsminda: nr. Lake Sagamo, swept on the Poaceae, 15.VIII.1997, G.J., IZGAS and BMNH).
Discodes acanthopulvinariae Trjapitzin, 1968. AR.
D. anthores (Walker, 1848). AR.
D. coccophagus (Ratzeburg, 1848). AR, AZ, GE (1 F,
1 M, Tbilisi, ex Sphaerolecanium prunastri on Prunus,
11.V.1967, V.Y.; 14 F, 15 M, incl. 1 F, 3 M on slides, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex S. prunastri on Prunus, 21.V-5.VI. 1995, IZGAS), TR (1 F, 1 M, Isparta: Kuleonu, ex S. prunastri on Prunus, 1-4.VII.2001, G.J. (slide); 5 F, 3 M, Isparta: Mehmet-Tonge, ex S. prunastri on Prunus, 8-
9.VII.2001, G.J., IZGAS).
D. differens Yasnosh, 1972. GE.
D. sp. aff. encopiformis (Walker, 1847). GE.
D. obscuriclavus Myartseva, 1981. «TR (1 F, Mugla: Fethiye, 300 m, Olu Deniz, 31.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
D. rubtzovi Sugonjaev, 1971. AR, AZ.
D. trjapitzini Herthevtzian, 1979. AR (2 F, Erevan, Bot. Gard., 20.VIII.1971 and 8.VIII.1972, H., BMNH), AZ, «TR (1 F, Mugla: 44 km E. Fethiye, Fethiye-Kor-kuteli Rd, 1000 m, 21.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH). "
D. valentinae sp. n. GE.
Dusmetia ceballosi Mercet, 1921. AZ.
D. euripersiae Trjapitzin, 1962. AR, AZ. Echthoplexiella aeneiventris Mercet, 1921. AR, AZ, GE (1 F, Vashlovani, ex Schythia stipae, 21.VII.1968,
V.Y. (slide), IZGAS), «TR (3 F, Mugla: 44 km E. Fethiye, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 1000 m, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.. BMNH).
E. flava Mercet, 1921. AZ.
E. obscura (Hoffer), 1954. GE (2 F, 3 M, Gonio nr. Batumi, ex Eriococcidae on grass, 30.VI.1958, D.K. &V.T., BMNH).
Ectroma albiclavatum (Hoffer, 1957). GE.
E. fulvescens Westwood, 1833. AZ.
Encyrtus aurantii (Geoffroy, 1785). AR, AZ, GE (1
F, Sukhumi, ex Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, 1949, P., BMNH; 1 F, 1 M, Tbilisi, ex Coccus hesperidum, X.1952, V.Y. (slide); 1 F, Tbilisi: Mziuri, Vere river, ex C. hes-peridum on Elaeagnus, 15.X.1997, G.J. (slide); 1 F, Batumi: Akhalsheni, ex C. hesperidum on Citrus, 18.IX. 1981, V.Y.; 5 F, 1 M, Tbilisi, ex C. hesperidum, X.1952, V.Y.; 1 F, Kobuleti: Legva, ex C. hesperidum on Citrus. 30.VIII.-9.IX.1994, G.J.; 1 F, Batumi: Gorodoki, on Citrus, 9.VI.1996, G.J.; 1 F, Tbilisi: Mziuri, ex C. hesperidum on Elaeagnus, 15-18.X.1997, G.J.; 1 F, Tbilisi: Isa-ni, ex C. hesperidum on Hedera, 14.VII.1997, G.J.; 2 F, Tbilisi: Isani, nr Mtkvari, ex C. hesperidum on Acacia. 8-9.VIII.1997, G.J.; 2 F, Tbilisi, ex C. hesperidum on Cin-namomum camphora, 24-29.VI.2000, G.J., IZGAS), TR.
E. infidus (Rossi, 1790). AR, AZ, GE (5 F, Tskneti, ex Eulecanium transcaucasicum on Ulmus, 28.VI.1968, V.Y.; 2 F, Tskneti, ex Eulecanium sp. on Ulmus, 28.VI.1966, V.Y., IZGAS), TR (1 F, Kalacik, ex E. cilia-tum on Prunus, 10.VI.1999, B.K., IZGAS).
E. swederi Dalman, 1820. AR, AZ, GE (2 F, Tbilisi. ex Pulvinaria sp. on Populus, 5.VIII.1954, V.Y.; 2 F, Tbilisi: Digomi, ex Pulvinaria on Populus, 15.V.1957, V.Y.; 2 F, 1 M, Tbilisi: Ethn. Mus., ex Coccus pseudomag-noliarum on Juglans, 13.V-5.VI.2000, G.J., IZGAS).
Epitetracnemus intersectus (Fonscolombe, 1832). AR, AZ, GE (1 F , 1 M, Tbilisi, ex Lepidosaphes ulmi on Populus gracilis, 8.VIII.1961, M.A.; 11 F, 14 M, incl. 3
F, 3 M on slides, Tbilisi, ex L. ulmi on Populus. 15.VII.1960, M.A.; 3 F, Tbilisi, ex L. ulmi on Populus gracilis, 4.VI.1960, M.A.; 3 F, Tbilisi, ex L. ulmi on Po-pulus gracilis, 16.VII.1960, M.A.; 7 F, 10 M, Tbilisi, ex L. ulmi on Populus gracilis, 26.VII.1960, M.A.; 9 M, Tbilisi, ex L. ulmi on Populus gracilis, 19-27.VIII.1960, M.A., IZGAS), TR (1 F, Burdur, Tefenni, on Malus sp.. 25.V.1998, B.K. (slide), IZGAS).
Eremophasma peliococci Myartseva, 1982. GE.
Ericydnus aeneus Nikol’skaya, 1952, sp. dist. «TR (12 F , 5 M, Ankara, Ayvali cad., ex Trionymus multivorus on Sideritis sp., 2.VIII.2002, B.K., IZGAS). - This species was erroneously synonymized with E. robustior Mercet, 1921 (Trjapitzin, 1989). The two species are distinct and can be separated using the characters listed below:
E. caudatus Erdös, 1957. AR.
E. heliococci Trjapitzin & Herthevtzian, 1972. AR.
E. robustior Mercet, 1921. AZ, «TR (1 F, Ankara: San-atoryum aksaray, ex Peliococcopsis priesneri on Cynodon
dactylon, 25.VII.2002, B.K.; 1 F, 1 M, Ankara, Ayvali cad., ex Trionymus multivorus on Sideritis sp., 2.VIII.2002, B.K.;
1 F, Ege mahallesi, ex Mirococcus inermis on Chenopodi-um album, 13.VIII.2003, B.K., IZGAS). - Comment: It is possible that E. danatensis Myartseva is the same as E. robustior as both species have very similar colouration, in particular the infuscate anterior margin of the fore wing. This can be confirmed only after comparison of the relative type material of both species.
E. sipylus (Walker, 1837). AZ, GE.
E. strigosus (Nees, 1834). GE (1 M, Kharagauli: Var-dzia, Choda, 24.VI.1996, G.J. (slide), IZGAS).
E. ventralis (Dalman, 1820). GE (1 F, Tbilisi: nr. Lisi Lake, VI.1957, Dlabola, BMNH).
Eugahania fumipennis (Ratzeburg, 1852). AR, TR.
Eusemion cornigerum (Walker, 1838). GE.
Ginsiana carpetana (Mercet, 1921). aR, AZ, GE (2 F. Betania, 23.VII.1960, M.A., IZGAS), TR.
G. longicornis Trjapitzin, 1969. AR.
G. obscura Erdös & Novicky, 1955. «GE (2 F, incl. 1 F on slide, Gombori, 31.VII.1961, M.A.; 1 F, 2 M, Racha ridge, south-eastern slope, 1800 m, 7.VIII.2003, G.J., IZGAS).
G. praepannonica (Erdös, 1957). AR, AZ.
Habrolepis dalmanni (Westwood, 1837). AR, AZ, GE
(5 F, incl. 1 F on slide, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Asterodi-aspis quercicola on Quercus, 2.VII.1968, V.Y., IZGAS), «TR (2 F, 43 km, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992. J.N., BMNH).
H. italicus Delucchi, 1965. «TR (2 F, 43 km, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N.; 1 F, Mugla: Tlos, 500700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N.; 2 F, Mugla: Fethiye, Olu Deniz. 300 m, 31.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
H. pascuorum Mercet, 1921. AZ.
H. tergrigorianae Trjapitzin, 1962. AR, AZ.
Hadzhibeylia physococci Myartseva & Trjapitzin, 1981. GE.
Helegonatopus citripes (Erdös,1957). AZ, GE.
H. dimorphus (Hoffer, 1954). AZ.
Homalotyloidea erginus (Walker, 1837). AR.
Homalotylus eytelweinii (Ratzeburg, 1844). AZ, GE (1 M, Tbilisi: Gorge Vere, 1.5 km, 9.VII.1997, G.J., IZ-GAS).
H. flaminius (Dalman, 1820). «TR (2 F, 1 M, Izmir: Menemen, ex syrphid Chenopodium aphids (?),
28.V.1975, E.E., BMNH).
H. nigricornis Mercet, 1921. AR, AZ.
H. platynaspidis Hoffer, 1963. AR, «AZ (1 F, Baku.
4.VII.2002, S.I. (slide), IZGAS).
H. quaylei Timberlake, 1919. AR, AZ, GE, TR (4
F, Ankara: Kecioren Ataturk bahcesi, ex Planococcus vovae on Juniperus, 6.VIII.2003, B.K., IZGAS). - New host record: Planococcus vovae (Hemiptera: Pseudo-coccidae).
Hoplopsis minuta (Fabricius, 1793). AR, AZ, TR.
Isodromus flaviscutum Hoffer & Trjapitzin, 1978. AR.
AZ, TR.
I. niger Ashmead, 1900. GE, TR.
I. ustianae Hoffer & Trjapitzin, 1967. AR, AZ.
I. vinulus (Dalman, 1820). AR, GE.
Lamennaisia ambigua (Nees, 1834). AR, AZ, GE, TR.
L. nobilis (Nees, 1834). AR, AZ, GE.
Leptomastidea abnormis (Girault, 1915). AZ, TR.
L. bifasciata (Mayr, 1876). AR, AZ.
Leptomastix algirica Trjapitzin, 1989. «TR (1 F, Mugla: 4 km N. Olu Deniz, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.; 1 F, 44 km, Fe-thiye-Korkuteli Rd, 1000 m, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.; 3 F, Mugla: Fethiye, Olu Deniz, 300 m, 31.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
L. dactylopii Howard, 1885. TR.
L. flava Mercet, 1921. AR, AZ, GE, TR (1 F, 2 M. Mugla: Fethiye, Olu Deniz, 300 m, 31.VIII.1992, J.N.;
7 F, 9 M, Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N.;
1 M, Mugla: Tlos, 300 m, 28.VIII.1992, J.N; 2 F, 5 M. Mugla: 44 km E. Fethiye, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 1000 m, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.; 1 M, Mugla: 43 km, Fethiye-Korkute-li Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
Mahencyrtus comara (Walker, 1837). AR, GE. Mayridia colocensis Erdös, 1957. GE.
M. formosula Mercet, 1921. AR, AZ, «TR (5 F, Ankara: Cubuk Kara Gol yaylasi, ex Trionymus aberrans on Triticum, 17.X.2001, B.K., IZGAS).
M. sp. aff. formosula Mercet, 1921. GE.
M. hyalipennis Trjapitzin, 1968. AR, AZ.
M. merceti Trjapitzin, 1969. AR, TR (2 F, 1 M, Cubuk Kara Gol yaylasi, ex Trionymus aberrans on Triticum.
17.X.2001, B.K., IZGAS). - New host record: Trionymus aberrans (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).
M. myrlea (Walker, 1838). AR, AZ.
M. procera (Mercet, 1921). «GE (1 F, Tbilisi: Nata-khtari, on Quercus, 4.VII.1966, V.Y., IZGAS).
M. pulchra Mercet, 1921. AR, AZ, «TR (1 F, Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N. (slide); 1 F, Ankara. ex Trionymus multivorus on Stachys sp., 19.VII.2003,
B.K., IZGAS).
M. terteriani Herthevtzian, 1979. AR.
M. viridiscutellum (Hoffer, 1970). AR.
Metanotalia maderensis (Walker, 1872). «TR (4 F. Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH; 1
F, Ankara, ex Trionymus multivorus on Sideritis sp..
2.VIII.2002, B.K., IZGAS).
Metaphaenodiscus nemoralis Mercet, 1921. AR. Metaphycus asterolecanii Mercet, 1923. AR, GE, TR
(1 F, Ankara, ex Asterodiaspis sp. on Quercus, 20.V. 1998, GJ. (slide), IZGAS).
M. babajani Sugonjaev, 1975. AR, AZ.
M. bogdanovikatkovi Myatseva, 1984. GE.
M. dispar (Mercet, 1921). AR, AZ (4 F, 1 M, Baku, on Morus, 4.VII.2002, S.I. (slide), IZGAS), GE (3 M, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Parthenolecanium corni on Cercis si-liquastrum, 16-17.IV.1998, G.J. (slides), IZGAS), TR. -Comment: The male of this species was erroneously determined as “Genus aff. Bureshiella Hoffer, 1983” (Japo-shvili, 2000a, 2000b).
M. flavovarius (Mercet, 1921). AR.
M. flavus (Howard, 1881). TR. - Comment: Simmonds (1969; see also Noyes & Hayat, 1994; Guerrieri & Noyes, 2000; Noyes, 2004) recorded that Metaphycus flavus was released in Batum (= Batumi) from California and that initial establishment occurred. The species has not since been found in the area and therefore we assume that permanent establishment did not occur and therefore Georgian records of this species are excluded from this account.
M. helvolus (Compere, 1926). TR.
M. hispanicus (Mercet, 1921). «GE (1 M, Java, ex Chio-naspis salicis on Salix, 20.X.1953, V.T. (slide), IZGAS). -New host record: Chionaspis salicis (Hemiptera: Diaspidi-dae).
M. hodzhevanishvilii Yasnosh, 1972. GE (9 F, incl.
2 F on slide, Vashlovani, Kumro, ex Stotzia maxima on Ephedra, 22.VI.1973, I.K., IZGAS).
M. insidiosus (Mercet, 1921). AR, AZ, GE (5 F, 4 M. incl. 1 F, 1 M on slides, Tbilisi: Ethn. Mus., ex Parthe-nolecanium corni on Fraxinus, 13.V.-7.VI.2000, GJ.; 1
F, Tbilisi: Mziuri, ex P. corni on Acacia, 15.IV.1998, GJ.;
2 F, 1 M, Kaspi, Doesi, ex P. corni on Prunus, 17.IV-
3.V.2001, Sh.B., IZGAS), TR.
M. luteolus (Timberlake, 1916). AZ, GE.
M. melanostomatus (Timberlake, 1916). AR, AZ, TR. -The record of this species from Georgia is incorrect (Guerri-eri & Noyes, 2000) and should be disregarded.
M. nadius (Walker, 1838). «GE (3 F, incl. 1 F on slide.
Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Asterodiaspis quercicola on Quer-cus hartwissiana, 8.V. 1966, V.Y., IZGAS).
M. silvestrii Sugonjaev, 1960. AR, AZ, GE (1 M, Tbilisi, Bot. Gard., ex Sphaerolecanium prunastri on Prunus, 21.V.-5.VI.1995, GJ. (slide), IZGAS), TR.
M. stagnarum Hoffer, 1954. TR (5 F, incl. 3 F on slide, Isparta, ex Planococcus ficus on Cydonia, 16-17.IX.2002, G.J.; 8 F, 1 M, incl. 2 F on slide, Isparta, ex P. ficus on Cydonia, 14-22.X.2002, G.J.; 1 F, Isparta, Halikent, ex P. ficus on Cydonia, 19-22.IX.2002, B.A. (slide), IZGAS).
M. zebratus (Mercet, 1917). GE (3 F, incl. 1 F on slide, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Planchonia arabidis on He-dera, 4.VII.1969, V.Y.; 1 F, Kiketi, Samadlo, 13.VII.2000.
G.J. (slide), IZGAS).
Metapsyllaephagus tashlievi Myartseva, 1980. AR.
Microterys bellae Trjapitzin, 1968 (= eulecanii Pilipy-uk & Sugonjaev, 1971, syn. n. Holotype: F, Russia, Sakhalin, ZIN, examined). TR (18 F , 13 M, incl. 1 F on slide, Isparta, ex Rhodococcus perornatus on Rosa da-mascena, 5-20.V. and 5-20.VI.2001, O.D., IZGAS).
M. chalcostomus (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE.
M. clauseni Compere, 1926. GE (2 F, 2 M, incl. 1 ? on slide, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Ceroplastes japonicus on Ilex, 21.V.-5.VI.1998, G.J.; 1 F, Tbilisi: Kairo st., ex C. japonicus on Laurus, 15.V.1999, G.J. (slide); 1 M, Batumi, ex C. japonicus on Acer, 5-8.VI.2003, GJ.; 1 F, Tbilisi: Samgori, ex C. japonicus on Laurus nobilis.
15.V. 1999, GJ.; 12 F, 2 M, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex C.japo-nicus on Laurus, 23.V.-9.VI.1998, G.J.; 1 F, 3 M, Tbilisi: Mtskheta st., ex C. japonicus on Diospyros and Acer.
15.V.-5.VI.1998, GJ.; 1 F, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex C.japo-nicus on Laurus nobilis, 5.VI.1998, G.J., IZGAS). - Comment: Microterys clauseni is very close to M. lunatus and further work may show that they are synonymous. However, although the species are difficult to separate morphologically, there do appear to be differences in host preference (see comment under M. lunatus).
M. cneus Trjapitzin & Sugonjaev, 1976. «TR (2 M. Isparta: Halikent, ex Planococcus ficus on Cydonia, 16-22.IX.2002, G.J. and B.A., IZGAS).
M. cuprinus (Nikol’skaya, 1952). AR (3 F, Zovashen, ex Didesmococcus unifasciatus, 15.V.1971, B., BMNH), AZ.
M. cyanocephalus (Dalman, 1820). AR.
M. darevskii Trjapitzin, 1968. AR, AZ, «TR (1 F. Sogut-Burdur, ex Puto sp. on Poaceae, Galium, Medica-go, 30.V.2000, B.K., BMNH). - New host record: Puto sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae).
M. duplicatus (Nees, 1834). AR, AZ (1 F, Ordubad, ex Rhodococcus turanicus on Prunus, 13.V. 1970, L.R., BMNH), GE (1 M, Tbilisi: Nutsubidze, ex R. spiraeae on Spiraea, 6-10.VI.1998, G.J. (slide); 1 F, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Parthenolecanium corni on Cercis siliquastrum, 16.IV. 1998, G.J. (slide); 1 F, Kvemo Gomi, ex Palaeole-canium bituberculatum on Malus, 9.X.1953, V.Y.; 3 M, Tbilisi: Lisi, forest, ex R. spiraeae on Spiraea, 6-10.VI. 1998, GJ., IZGAS). - Comment: Examination of the above material leads us to suggest that Microterys tura-nicus Sugonjaev and M. herbaceus Sugonjaev are very close to M. duplicatus and may eventually prove to be synonymous. However, we believe that this synonymy should be proposed only after comparison of the relevant type material with recently reared material.
M. ferrugineus (Nees, 1834). AR, GE (1 F, 1 M, Tbilisi: Saburtalo, Agarakebi, ex Kermes roboris on Quer-cus, 6.VI.1998, GJ. (slides); 27 F, 6 M, Tbilisi: Saburta-
lo, Lisi above Nutsubidze, 6-8.VI.1998, GJ., IZGAS).
M. fuscipennis (Dalman, 1820). AZ.
M. hortulanus Erdös, 1957. AR, AZ, GE (6 F, 7 M. incl. 1 F , 2 M on slides, Tbilisi, ex Sphaerolecanium pru-
nastri on Prunus, 21.V.-5.VI.1995, G.J.; 1 M, Telavi: Ki-sis Khevi, ex S. prunastri on Prunus, 21.VI.1954, V.Y., IZGAS), TR (1 M, Isparta: Mehmet-Tonge, ex S. prunastri on Prunus, 8-9.VII.2001, G.J. (slide); 2 9, incl. 1 9 on slide, Isparta: Kuleonu, ex S. prunastri on Armeniaca vulgaris, 10.V.2002, O.D.; 17 9, 2 M, Izmir, ex coccid on Prunus, 14.V. 1974, C.O.; 3 9, Izmir, Karsiyaka, ex S. prunastri on plum, 20. and 26.VI.1974, C.O. and H.G.; 1 9, Ege, Afion, ex S.prunastri on cherry, 24.V.1999, S.U., BMNH). - Comment: Males of this species were mis-identified previously as Metablastothrix truncatipennis (Ferrière) (Japoshvili, 2000a, 2000b).
M. lehri Sugonjaev, 1965. AR.
M. lunatus (Dalman, 1820). *AZ (1 9, Baku, ex Cero-plastes japonicus? on quince, 3.VII.2000, S.I. (slide), IZGAS), TR. - Comment: Microterys lunatus is very difficult to distinguish morphologically from M. clauseni, suggesting that the two species might be synonymous. The specimens reared from C. japonicus in Baku are morphologically most similar to specimens of M. lunatus that have been examined (BMNH), although the normal host ofM. lunatus is Physokermes (Sugonjaev, 1984) and that of M. clauseni is Ceroplastes (Trjapitzin, 1989).
M. masii Silvestri, 1919. TR.
M. nietneri (Motschulsky, 1859). AZ, GE (1 9, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Sphaerolecanium prunastri? on Prunus, I.K. (slide), IZGAS), TR (1 9, Mersin: Tece, ex Ceroplastes japonicus on Laurus, 25.IX.2002, L.E., IZGAS).
M. rufulus (Mercet, 1921). AR, AZ.
M. sceptriger (Förster), 1841. GE.
M. stepanovi Trjapitzin, 1989. GE.
M. sylvius (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE (2 9, 1 M, incl. 1 9 on slide, Tbilisi: Ethn. Mus., ex Rhodococcus spiraeae on Spiraea, 16-25.V. 1998, G.J.; 1 M, Kaspi, on the grass, 6.VI.1960, M.A.; 1 9, 1 M, Tbilisi: Natakhtari, ex Parthenolecanium rufulum on Quercus, 6.VI.1966 and
6.VI.1968, V.Y.; 1 9, Tbilisi: Lisi, Agarakebi forest, ex R. spiraeae on Spiraea, 6-12.VI.1998, G.J., IZGAS), TR (1
9, Isparta: Kuleonu, ex Eulecanium sp. on Prunus, 5-
16.vI.2002, G.J. (slide); 5 9, Isparta: Kuleonu, ex Eule-canium douglasi on Prunus, 5-16.VI.2002, G.J.; 2 9, 1 M, Isparta: Kuleonu, ex P. persicae on Prunus, 5-
16.VI.2002, G.J., IZGAS).
M. tessellatus (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE (1 M, Tskneti, on the grass, 7.VII.1960, M.A. (slide); 1 M, Baku-riani: Kokhta, 24.VII.1966, V.Y. (slide); 1 9, Tskneti, forest, 12.VII.1960, M.A., IZGAS).
M. tricoloricornis (De Stefani, 1886). GE, TR.
M. trjapitzini Yasnosh, 1969. GE.
M. vashlovanicus Yasnosh, 1972. GE.
Mira mucora Schellenberg, 1803. AR, AZ.
Monodiscodes intermedius (Mayr, 1876). AR, AZ, GE (1 9, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., on the grass, 26.VII.1956, V.Y., IZGAS), TR.
M. dimorphus (Mercet, 1921). AR, AZ, TR.
Oobius rudnevi (Novicky, 1928). GE.
O. zahaikevitshi Trjapitzin, 1963. GE.
Ooencyrtus brunneipes Noyes, 1978. *GE (1 9, Racha: Khorkhebi, 8.VIII.2003, G.J., IZGAS).
O. krasilnikovae (Myartseva, 1979). AR.
O. kuvanae (Howard, 1910). TR.
O. obscurus (Mercet, 1921). AR.
O. pityocampae (Mercet, 1921). TR (10 9 , 1 M, Bornova, ex Eurydema, 23.VII.1957; 27 9, 3 M, Antalia: Duzlercan, ex eggs of Thaumatopoea pityocampa on Pi-nus brutis, 23.IX.1992, BMNH).
O. tardus (Ratzeburg, 1844). GE.
O. telenomicida (Vassiljev, 1904). AR (6 9, 2 M, Shur-nukh: nr. Goris, 10.IX.1956, V.T., BMNH), AZ, GE (1 9, Racha: Zemo Imereti, Khorkhebi, 8.VIII.2003, G.J., IZGAS),
TR (9 F, 5 M, Isparta, 25.VII.2001, G.J. (slide); 9 F, 3 M, incl. 4 F, 1 M on slides, Isparta, Yalvac, ex Pentatomidae,
17.V.2002, GJ.; 9 F, 3 M, Isparta, Pentatomidae, 22.VII.2002,
G.J., IZGAS).
[Ooencyrtus vinulae (Masi, 1909). - This species was originally recorded from Azerbaijan by Rzaeva (1967) and this was followed by Trjapitzin (1989) and Noyes (2004). However, in her more recent list (Rzaeva, 2002) of chal-cidoids from Azerbaijan it is not mentioned. We therefore concluded that the original record from this country was erroneous and excluded it from our list.]
Parablatticida brevicornis (Dalman, 1820). AZ, GE.
P. citri (Mercet, 1921). GE.
Paracopidosoma parallelum Hoffer, 1957. AR.
Paramasia slovaca Hoffer, 1953. AR, AZ.
Parasauleia trjapitzini Hoffer, 1968. TR (3 F, 2 M, incl. 2 F, 1 M on slide, Isparta: Konukeve, ex Lepidosa-phes newsteadi, 6-9.VII.2001, G.J., IZGAS). - New host record: Lepidosaphes newsteadi (Hemiptera: Diaspidi-dae).
Paratetracnemoidea malenotti (Mercet, 1918). AR, AZ.
Pentacladocerus araraticus (Trjapitzin, 1962). AR, TR.
P. matranus Erdos, 1963. AR.
P. stepanovi Trjapitzin, 1968. AR.
Plagiomerus sp. AZ.
Platencyrtus parkeri Ferriere, 1955. AR, AZ.
Prionomitus mitratus (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE (1 F, Tbilisi: Khudadovi forest, ex Cacopsylla crataegi on Crataegus, 11-12.VI.1998, G.J. (slide); 4 F, 4 M, Lanchkhuti, ex C. pruni on Prunus, 14.VI.1974, T.Ch., IZGAS).
P. tiliaris (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ. - Variation: We have noted some variation in the colour of the thoracic dorsum with the mesoscutum and scutellum varying from metallic green to metallic purple.
Prochiloneurus bolivari Mercet, 1919. AR, AZ, GE. -Variation: F1-F4 from completely dark brown to completely white, middle tibia from yellow to dark brown; size from 1-2mm.
P. pulchellus Silvestri, 1915. GE.
Pseudaphycus hungaricus Erdos, 1956. GE.
P. maculipennis Mercet, 1923. GE.
P. malinus Gahan, 1946. AR, AZ, GE (1 F, 1 M, Tbilisi, ex Aphididae?, on Populus, 20.VIII.1960, M.A., IZGAS).
P. phenacocci Yasnosh, 1957. AR, AZ, GE.
Pseudococcobius obenbergeri (Novicky, 1926). AR, AZ, GE, *TR (1 F, Eymur, ex Eriococcus devoniensis (=Acan-thococcus devoniensis) on Achillea, 28.VIII.2003, B.K., IZGAS). - New host record: Eriococcus devoniensis (Hemi-ptera: Eriococcidae).
Pseudorhopus testaceus (Ratzeburg, 1848). AZ.
Psilophrys ghilarovi Japoshvili, 2005. TR.
P. sp. TR. - This species is being described in a paper currently in preparation.
P. tenuicornis Graham, 1969. AR, TR.
Psyllaephagus abbreviatus (Hoffer, 1963). AR.
P. badchysi Myartseva, 1980. GE.
P. belanensis (Hoffer, 1963). AZ.
P. caillardiae Sugonjaev, 1968. *TR (1 F, 1 M, Mug-la: 43 km, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
P. elaeagni Trjapitzin, 1967 (= bachardenicus Myar-tseva, 1980, syn. n. Holotype: F, Turkmenistan, Ipai-Kala, ZIN, examined; = rubriscutellatus Myartseva, 1981, syn. n. Holotype: F, Turkmenistan, Cheleken, ZIN, examined). AR (4 F, Megri, on Elaeagnus sp., 23.VI.1953, ZIN), AZ, GE (6 F, 5 M, Gorge Vere, ex Trioza magnise-tosa on Elaeagnus, 9-11.VII.1997, G.J.; 2 F, Tbilisi: Saburtalo, ex Cacopsylla rhamnicola on Rhamnus, 6-
12.VI.1998, G.J.; 3 9, 6 M, Kumisi, ex psyllids on Elae-agnus, 30.V.-8.VI.1997, G.J., IZGAS), *TR (1 9, Mugla: nr. Fethiye, 4 km N. Olu Deniz, 21.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH). - Comment: The differences between the three species cited by Myartseva (1980, 1981) fall within the range of variation noted in material recently collected in Georgia and Turkey and therefore we are treating the names as synonymous. - Diagnosis: Head, most of thorax and gaster with a metallic green sheen; scutellum with a violet sheen; FV above toruli with a violet lustre; scape and pedicel dark brown; flagellar segments brown, gradually becoming paler apically so that F6 is very pale brown almost yellow, and clava is yellow; tegula with base white and apex dark brown; mesopleuron and gaster with some golden reflection; fore coxa yellow; middle and hind coxa and hind femur dark brown. Frontovertex about 0.4 times head width; ocelli forming an obtuse angle; OOL about half ocellar diameter; OCL about 1.5 times ocellar diameter. Mesoscutum with slightly deeper sculpture than scutellum. Gaster with cercal plates in the apical half; ovipositor hardly exserted.
P. euphyllurae (Masi, 1911). TR.
P. georgicus Yasnosh & Japoshvili, 1999. GE.
P. pistaciae Ferrière, 1961. TR.
P. procerus (Mercet, 1921). AR, AZ, GE (2 9 , 1 M, Gori, ex Cacopsylla onFraxinus, 20.VI.1973, IZgAs), TR. - New host record: Cacopsylla sp. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae).
P. pulchellus (Mercet, 1921). TR (1 9 , Mugla: 43 km
E. Fethiye Rd., 1100 m, dry river gulley, 23.VIII.1992, J.N. (slide); 2 9, Mugla: nr. Fethiye, 4 km N. Olu Deniz, 21.VIII.1992, J.N.; 1 9, 1 M, Mugla: 43 km, Fethiye-Ko-rkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH)
P. pulcher Herthevtzian, 1979. AR.
P. smaragdinus (Hoffer, 1963). AR, AZ.
P. tamaricicola Myartseva, 1979. AR.
P. tokgaevi Myartseva, 1979. GE (2 9 , incl. 1 9 on slide, Gldanula, 28.VI.-20.VII.1998, G.J., IZGAS), *TR (1 9 , Mugla: 43 km E. Fethiye, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 1100 m, dry river gulley, 23.VIII.1992, J.N.; 4 9, Mugla: 43 km, Fethiye-Korkuteli Rd, 23.VIII.1992, J.N. (BMNH).
Rhopus flavidus (Mercet, 1921). *TR (4 9, 5 M, Ankara: Oyak Cagmas Mahe, ex Pseudococcus on Cyno-don dactylon, 4.IX.2002, B.K., IZGAS). - Comment: The above specimens compare well with Spanish material identified as R. flavidus in the BMNH.
R. longicornis (Trjapitzin & Herthevtzian, 1974). AR, AZ.
R. meridionalis (Ferrière, 1955). AZ.
R. stepanovi Liao, 1961. GE.
Sectiliclava cleone (Walker, 1844). AZ, GE.
Subprionomitus festucae (Mayr, 1876). AR, GE (4 9, Achara: Keda, ex Eriopeltis festucae, 20.VII.1962, Z.H.; 5 9, 1 M, Variani, ex E. festucae on Lolium, 15.VII.1966, V.Y.; 1 9, Vashlovani, ex Scythia stipae on the Poaceae, 21.VII.1968, V.Y., IZGAS).
Syrphophagus aeruginosus (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE (1 9 (on slide), 1 M, Tbilisi: Samgori, ex Brachycaudus amygdalinus on peach, VI-VIII.1967, I.S.; 1 9, ex pupae,
1.VII.1961, V.Y. (slide); 1 9, Tbilisi, Samgori, ex Cacopsylla pyri on pear, 17.V.1969, T.Ch., IZGAS), TR.
S. aphidivorus (Mayr, 1876). AR, AZ, GE (5 9, 1 M, Kodis Tskaro, ex Aphididae on Cirsium, 15.VII.1966, V.Y.;
2 9, Ninotsminda: nr lake Sagamo, 15.VIII.1997, G.J.; 1 9, Tbilisi: Turtles lake, 21.VI.2000, G.J.; 1 9, Kharagauli: Vardzia, Borotsminda, 25.VI.1995, G.J., IZGAS), TR (2 9, 2 M, Egirdir, ex Aphis pomi on Malus, 19.VI-
12.VII.2001, G.J.; 1 9, Isparta: Kuleonu, ex aphids on Ar-meniaca vulgaris, 1-3.VII.2001, G.J. (slide), (iZgAS); 1 9, Izmir, IV.1975, E.E.; 1 9, Aydin, VI.1975, E.E.; 2 9, Man-isa, VI.1976, E.E., BMNH).
S. arundinicola Hoffer, 1965. AR.
S. elaeagni (Trjapitzin, 1969). AR, AZ, «GE (1 F, Tbilisi: Gorge Vere, ex Trioza magnisetosa on Elaeagnus,
8.VII.2000, G.J. (slide), IZGAS).
S. herbidus (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, «GE (3 F, 1 M, Kharagauli: Vardzia, Chalkheeti, nr. river Sakreula.
24.VI.1996, G. J., IZGAS).
S. hyalipennis (Mayr, 1876). AR, AZ.
S. mamitus (Walker, 1837). GE (2 F, 1 M, incl. 1 F.
1 M on slides, Tbilisi: Khudadovi forest, ex Cacopsylla crataegi on Crataegus, 11-12.VI.1998, G.J.; 2 F. Lanchkhuti, ex C. pyri on Prunus, 14.VI.1973, T.Ch., IZGAS). - New host record: Cacopsylla crataegi (Hemi-ptera: Psyllidae).
S. pertiades (Walker, 1837). GE.
S. taeniatus (Förster, 1861). GE (4 F, Tbilisi: Samgori, ex Cacopsylla pyri on Pyrus, 29.V. 1969, T.Ch.; 2 F. Tbilisi, Dend. Park., ex C. pyri on Pyrus, 28.V. and
29.VI.1969, T.Ch., IZGAS).
Tachardiaephagus tachardiae (Howard, 1896). AZ. Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, 1904. «GE (1 F, Tbilisi, Didgori st., swept in the house, 15.X.1997.
G.J. (slide), IZGAS).
Tetracnemoidea brevicornis (Girault, 1915). GE. Tetracnemus avetianae Herthevtzian, 1978. AR.
T. bifasciatellus (Mercet, 1921). AR, AZ.
T. heydeni (Mayr, 1876). AZ, GE, «TR (43 F, 8 M. Mugla: Fethiye, 21-31.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
T. peliococci Myartseva, 1979. GE.
T. simillimus (Hoffer, 1953). GE (1 F, Vashlovani, ex Rhizopulvinaria armeniaca on Cryptostegia grandiflora, 8.VI.1969, V.Y., IZGAS).
T. terminassianae Herthevtzian, 1978. AR (1 F (paratype), Erevan, 23.VII.1970, H., BMNH), AZ, «TR (2 F. Mugla: Tlos, 500-700 m, 27.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH). Thomsonisca amathus (Walker, 1838). AR, AZ, GE. Trechnites flavipes (Mercet, 1921). AR, AZ, «TR (1 F, Kars: Ararat, 4.IX.1960, BMNH).
T. psyllae (Ruschka, 1923). AR, AZ, GE, «TR (1 F. Mugla: 56 km, Fethiye, 23.VIII.1992, J.N., BMNH).
Trichomasthus albimanus Thomson, 1876. AR, AZ, GE (12 F , 3 M, incl. 3 F , 1 M on slides, Tbilisi, ex Eriopeltis festucae on the Poaceae, 28.VI.1960, M.A.; 1 F, Kumisi.
21.VI.1961, M.A. (slide); 7 F, 3 M, incl. 1 F, 1 Mon slides, Tbilisi, Bot. Gard., ex Planchonia arabidis on Hedera, 10.IV.1966, 4.VII.1969, 22.IV.1970, V.Y.; 1 M, Kharagauli: Vardzia, Chalkheeti, 24.VI.1996, G.J. (slide); 1 M, Tbilisi: above Nutsubidze, ex Rhodococcus spiraeae on Spiraea, 6-
10.VI.1998, GJ. (slide), IZGAS), TR. - New host record: Rhodococcus spiraeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae).
T. coeruleus Mercet, 1923. AR.
T. cyaneus (Dalman, 1820).AR, GE (1 F, Variani. 15.VII.1966, V.Y., IZGAS), TR.
T. ivericus Yasnosh, 1969. GE.
Trjapitzinellus obscurus (Mercet, 1921). AR. Tyndarichus melanacis (Dalman, 1820). AR, AZ, GE (6 F, 1 M, Nadikvari, 30.VII.1961, M.A.; 1 F, Bakuriani.
28.VII.1966, V.Y.; 3 F, incl. 1 F on slide, Tsalka,
25.V.1997, G.J.; 1 F, Omalo, on Padus racemosa.
28.V.1960, M.A., IZGAS).
T. scaurus (Walker, 1838). AR.
Xanthoectroma aquilinum Mercet, 1925. AR. Xenostryxis jasnoshae (Myartseva & Trjapitzin, 1974). AR.
Zaomma eriococci (Ferrière, 1955). AR (1 F , Erevan: Karagach, 22.IX.1956, V.T., BMNH), GE (1 F, 1 M, Tbilisi: Bot. Gard., ex Eriococcus aceris, 30.V. 1957, V.Y., IZGAS).
Z. lambinus (Walker, 1838). AR, AZ, GE (7 F, 1 M, incl. 2 F , 1 M on slide, Tbilisi: Gldanula, ex Adiscodi-
Figs 1-3. Discodes valentinae sp. n., ?. 1, antenna; 2, venation of forewing; 3, ovipositor.
aspis tamaricicola on Tamarix, 28.VI.-20.VII.1998, G.J.;
2 Ç,1 M, Tbilisi, ex Lepidosaphes ulmi on Populus gracilis, 15.VII.1960, M.A., IZGAS), TR (1 <?, Isparta, Egir-dir, ex Diaspidiotus ostreaformis on Platanus, 16-
18.VIII.2001, G.J. (slide); 1 ?, Zelve-Nevsehir, ex L. ulmi on Juglans regia, ViII.2000, B.K., IZGAS). - New host records: Aspidiotus tamaricicola, Aulacaspis sp. (Hemi-ptera: Diaspididae).
Zaommoencyrtus liaoi (Trjapitzin, 1962). GE.
Description of the new species Discodes valentinae sp. n.
(Figs 1-3)
Holotype. ?, Georgia, Tbilisi, Botanical Garden, ex Planchonia arabidis on Hedera helix, 24.V. 1965, V. Yasnosh (slide), IZGAS.
Description. Female (critical point dried holotype): length 1.43 mm.
Body black with a violet-green metallic sheen; antenna brownish; legs dark brown; tarsal segments I-IV yellow; middle femur with a narrow, subbasal brown ring-like band; fore wing hyaline in proximal 1/4-1/5, remainder infuscate but gradually becoming paler distally so that apex almost hyaline.
Head about 2.68 times as wide as FV; FV 1.5 times as wide as long; ocelli forming an obtuse triangle of about 105°; distance between torulus and
eye margin about 1.4 times as long as distance between toruli; mandible tridentate; palp formula 43; scape about 7.5 times as long as wide; sensillae present on F2-F6. Relative measurements: POL 18, POD 3, AOL 10, OOL 2, OCL 2.5, HW 70, FV 26, FVL 18, EL 43, MS 19, TA 35.
Mesoscutum about 3 times as wide as long; scutellum about 1.3 times as wide as long; fore wing about 1.9 times as long as wide; marginal and stigmal vein equal in length and each about 2.7 times as long as postmarginal; hind wing about 3.4 times as long as wide; midtibial spur about 0.38 times as long as middle tibia; fore femur sligthtly flattened and about 3 times as long as wide.
Ovipositor not exserted, subequal in length to middle tibia; gonostylus about 3.7 times as long as wide. Relative measurements: OL 52, MT 52/ 54, GL 11, GW 3, OPL 37/38, OPW 14/15.
Etymology. The species is named in honour of the worldly known chalcid taxonomist Dr Valentina Yasnosh.
Comparison. Discodes valentinae is most similar to D. anthores (Walker, 1848), both species being of similar general body shape and colouration, especially the antenna, which is completely brown, without any pale segments. Females of the two species differ as follows:
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to The Royal Society for the financial
support of this project by NATO fellowship program Ref.
15135/02B/TB and the Department of Entomology of the
Natural History Museum, London for use of its facilities.
References
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Received 31 January 2005
