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_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №3/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х_
СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 316.77
Douglas A. Suárez R.
PhD Student of the Engineering Faculty Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow E-mail: [email protected] Ely R. Torres R.
Master Student of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty
PeopleS Friendship University of Russia, Moscow E-mail: [email protected]
THE TECNOLOGIES OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS NECESSARY TO THE SOCIETY OF THE INFORMATION OF XXI CENTURY
Introduction
It is indisputable that nowadays the technologies of the information and communications, the development of knowledge and the capacity of technological are crucial for economic results and social benefits of a region or a country. In particular the knowledge and the development of the processes of learning become key elements in the generation of competitive advantages of the economic agents.
Massive introductions of the new technologies of the information and the communications influence on the structure and dynamic of the economic and social processes defining fast the forms of produce, sell and compete in almost all productive sectors and in new forms of educate, of interaction and communication among people and public organizations of the society in general and also communicate and control the actions of the government. The TICs are transforming deeply the domestic and world economics because they let generate the wealth at distance and in network, exceeding the geographic and politic borders. The new economy is not centered on the natural resources that become more important every day in the context of the growing worlds request in the electronic flows of information and knowledge. But the differential value in terms of productivity and competitiveness do not encircle to what computers can produce but to the creativity of the man that motivates the innovation of using these tools. Nobody can remain aside of this revolutionary process that supposes the massive incorporation of the society since the benefits that contribute are relevant: (a) removes the borders of time and space; (b) the internet, like standard tool of communication let equal access to the information and knowledge; favors the cooperation and collaboration among different actors, increases the production of goods and services of added value; and potentially increases the quality of life of the individuals.
The intelligent governments cannot remain indifferent to the society of the information because the benefits of the new technologies that are applied are famous enough: they constitute fundamental pillars of the modernization, efficiency of the State and all its organizations, contribute transparency to the public sector, approximate the government to the citizens and let the population to participate in the processes of taking decisions, favor to the decentralization , accelerate the time of management and let the production of more quality and quantity, provide tasks of internal and external control and increase considerably the possibility to share the recourses.
The capacity to use the TICs in the development of the politic, economic and social life will depend on the success of formatting a power of work in local and national terms and stimulate the labor capacity to continue in electronic technologies. Because of all that and because of that all the TICs cross transverse all the social and economic sectors it is considered strategic their development and their introduction like a tool to contribute the way to relieve the poorness, promote economic and social sustainable development, the transparency and the good government. It requires a policy of state with concrete actions to initiate a development supported of technological and scientific sector of the TICs, and indirectly through its link with productive and social sectors contributing to an equal and sustainable growth of the State.
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №3/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х_
Key words
Technologies of the information and communications, society of the information, technological management, e-education, e-government, e-health and social development.
The TICs have to be seen like a mechanism to increase the efficiency of the management of the State, propitiate its transformation and provide of constant appropriate and effective services to the population in general also like a mechanism to increase the transparency, to ensure the security of the nation, promote local development, to enable social controllership, the participation in the public management, technological sovereignty and participatory democracy. The increase of the capacity of government and propitiate the participation in the public management are fundamental axis of the new model of society to achieve.
Anyway, the TICs mean the inclusion of important sectors of the population that were aside of the action of the State, understanding that they let provide better and bigger information, increase the use of the resources that has the State to the attention of the population through the automation, substitution and reinforcement of the procedures of the public national administration [1, p 55-87]. It is necessary to annotate that with the development and implementation of the TICs has to acquire its own dimension, its own characteristics till changing into sustainable element from that it may be produced the total structuring of the State.
So, the concept of the TICs is founded on the structure of net where the interdependency, no lineal elations and cyclic processes base on the action of the public officials and of the public organizations for what the TICs represent excellent device because of its logic structure, its patron of functioning and the characteristics of its elements. The TICs have to be oriented to develop such reforms in priority areas like internal management, public administration, public services and public information through the phishing, the support and the innovation of ordered processes to the public administration.
The use of the TICs in the public administration has to propitiate the symmetry of the information among distinct levels of government and institutions and among them there are the citizens, through the use of open technologies that ensure the technological independency, the increase of the platform and of organic and accumulative increase inside the State [1, p 93-112]. That way has to propitiate the constitution of the systems of integrated information that develop the systemic focus and ensures the development and integral functioning of the State.
The main goal of implement and develop TICs is to support the constitution of a new model of State and the new model of management in the process of transformation to increase the capacity of government and decrease operational expenses that fall into public organizations and to obtain budgetary savings that let cover fiscal insufficiencies, improving the relations of public-citizen administration and promote more access to the information of the government, systematizing the responsibility and transparency in the processes of the public administration and to lead to the State to be integrate, efficient and competitive State, in the regional and international area that ensures to all the citizens democratic access to the benefits and opportunities that the society of the TICs generate, suggesting the base on which it can be developed an organizational model that let its development and implementation that refers to the execution of processes and main products through technological systems of the information and communications [2, p 12-42].
So called Technologies of the Information and the Communications TICs, take central place in the society and in the economy in the beginning of the age and its importance increases. The concept of TICs emerges like technology convergence of the electronics, the software and the infrastructures of telecommunications. The association of them lead to a concept of the process of the information where the communications open new horizons and padigms.
The TICs are transforming the distinct spheres of the economy, the society and the life in general. Changes in the functioning of the company are propitiating in the methods of learning of the students, in methods of investigation of the scientists and in the form that the government provides services to the citizens.
However, the unequal access to the TICs to the individual level and the lack of infrastructure of social level are generating a digital gap, a lap that seems formidable among developed and developing countries [3, p 10-15]. This digital gap is also propitiating to the interior of the countries; to the extent that the access to equipment and services of the TICs has individual price relatively high groups of population are standing on sidelines.
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From the perspective of the theories of economical development, the innovations in general and that technological change in particular have been considered factors that explain the rise. It is clear that to introduce an innovation or register a new technology have an advantage under their competitors and under who have to resort to contracts of transference of technology to access to these new processes and machineries. On that score a productive unequal advance is producing among those societies that generate knowledge and new technologies and the societies that are mere users of the science and technology.
Unequal economy growing in the international area has been explained in different times since different factors: the culture that is associated with Protestantism, the relative donation of factors of production, the educative system, the investment in investigation and technological development, the development of the institutions, the practical democracies, the corruption, etc. In the particular case of the TICs, unequal growing responds to the historical model of appropriation of the knowledge and the concentration of the scientific investigation and the technological development on the central countries. Also, there were doubts about the future of the society of the information because the system of patents and of the industrial protection removes of public domain scientific and technologic advances that are economically significant [4, p 104-111].
Making an analogy with the technical revolution that meant electric energy in the past age when only few countries had the capacity to produce generators, transformations and the electric equipment in general is argued that there were more countries that had learnt to use electric energy in other industries and services where they had some advantages. This situation would have introduced today again regarding the TICs; the area of opportunity does not restrict to the production of the equipment or hardware. The development of this social capacity is recognized indispensable to generate and promote intangible investment in the necessary scale complemented with the intangible investment in infrastructure.
The development of the infrastructure in telecommunications like ii was in past with the electric energy is all-important to participate in effective manner in the world economy and especially to achieve the economic growth. It is clear that significant, articulated, coherent efforts are required in education, investigation and development, technical and scientific services. The new economy requires the constant development and domain of new knowledge and skills.
Like the globalization of the economic processes is perceived like a process under way if it is not inexorable we can confirm that all countries go to the society of information: to compete, to define its priorities and to draw its way.
The insertion of the TICs is a historic opportunity to reconsider what type of society we want to build. The verification of the failure of the models of development and of the insertion in the TICs defined in the '90 we face the question about uses and applications of the TICs that can contribute to design the model of inclusive, participative and plural model. The use of the TICs in applications that contribute to strength the democracy oriented to human development [4, p 133-141] enable new fields of social appropriation and use with sense of these technologies, impacting positively in the creation of social capital through the consolidation of multidisciplinary spaces and heterogeneous of independent actors that deliberate to achieve the consensus nourished of information and knowledge that democratize in this environment of social and collaborative learning, recovering for the citizens their condition of actor, when it comes to design the society where will participate and live.
The necessity to fortify democratic governance and governability like a request to return social, politic, economic and human sub-development impose to subordinate the politics of e-government and e-democracy to the necessities imposed by the government and real democracy integrating the decisions of politics of TICs to a one strategic use enrolled in the achievement of the goals of a democratic strengthening that will enable human development [5, p 17-43].
An e-democracy to the service of human development has to favor to the extension of informed independent actors and prepared to the participation in the elaboration of offers and in taking decisions of public politics that affect directly their functioning.
The processes of generation and diffusion of information and knowledge that occur framed under participative processes that develop like consequence of the implementation of the instruments of direct or semi direct democracy that constitute a deliberative or participatory democracy include the key to determine the uses with sense and social
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ»
№3/2016
ISSN 2410-700Х
appropriation of the TICs. The application of the TICs to strength and extend these processes will be very important to achieve a positive insertion in the Society of Information and so let recover the condition of citizen-actor of its own social development. Conclusion.
The State is very important and fundamental responsible of considering the TICs like a strategic plan that improve and develop through politics and concrete organizational through generations of projects of investigations and development, improvement of the infrastructure of the public administration. The one of the first significant actions of the own State is to include the TICs like a one of imperative instruments for development of the society. Also is a promotion and development of the investigation, formation of human resources highly qualified and transference to productive public and private sectors because the TICs is one of the technologies that is considered in the world area like the most strategic to integral development of the Society.
We would like to highlight that since the State will try to develop and promote projects if investigation, development and technological innovation to develop informative and electronic systems of communications and automatically applied control of the production, the public administration and the marketing (e-marketing); modernize and optimize the systems of logistic and control of inventory, financial administration and flows of funds; develop intelligent systems of information and control to the administration; modernize the administration developing electronic government (e-government); to improve the connection and the access to the information and knowledge of quality of public domain through intranets and internet (e-inclusion); develop platforms and intelligent systems open to education (e-learning) y heath (tele-health), among other strategies or politics of government that contribute to integral development of all the State to project it to the society of XXI century. Bibliography.
1. CASTELLS, Manuel. "The Era of the Information: Economy, society and culture." Volume 1: "The Society". Age XXI Editors. México. First Edition in Spanish 1999.
2. CRIADO GRANDE, J. Ignacio; RAMILO ARAUJO, Maria Carmen; SERNA, Miquel Salvador. "The Necessity of Theory (s) of Electronic Government. A Proposal Interrogator". XVI Contest of Trials and Monographies of CLAD of Reform of State and Modernization of the Public Administration "Electronic Government". Caracas, 2002.
3. PNUD Venezuela. "The technologies of the Information and the Communication to the Service of development". Venezuela. 2002.
4. PRATS, Joan. "Democratic Governability to the human development". Conceptual and analytic frame". Institutions and Development. 10. October of 2001.
5. XVI Contest of Trials and Monographies of CLAD of Reform of State and Modernization of the Public Administration "Electronic Government". Caracas, 2002.
© Suârez D.A., Torres E.R., 2016
УДК 31
Жувагина Алина Михайловна
Магистрант по направлению «Социальная работа с разными группами населения», социологический
факультет, Самарский государственный университет, г. Самара
АНАЛИЗ АПРОБАЦИИ АРТ-ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ДЕВИАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ПОДРОСТКОВ
Аннотация
В статье подробно рассматриваются этапы экспериментальной работы по профилактике девиантного поведения подростков, программа социальной профилактики девиантного поведения подростков, результаты проведенной работы.
