CC BY
4THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ACADEMIC SCHOOL IN TEACHING FINE
ARTS
Murodjon Anvarovich Temirov temirov_murodj on777@mail .ru
ASU
Abstract: It is devoted to the topic of the importance of teaching on the basis of an academic school in conducting classes in fine arts, and the goal, objectives, object and subject of work, as well as practical sequence, is completely covered in its content. The development and priority directions of the basic laws of drawing, painting and composition, the pedagogical foundations of education based on pedagogical technologies in teaching the sciences are explained.
Keywords: fine arts, painter, painter, color, portrait, academic school, still life, landscape
Art itself to the truth of nature not in approach, but in character from the truth shows. (D.Kardovsky)
Mankind has realized the need for artistic thinking on the path of rapid development. It would not be an exaggeration to say that these processes have led to the fact that today art has become an integral part of human social life. Because art is a close assistant in a deep study of life, in perceiving it from the point of view of standards of beauty, in understanding and feeling the subtle secrets of the world of sophistication. Art serves as a source of visual imagination of people, the world of thought. At the same time, it is an echo of the artistic way of life.1
Uzbek national art has a rich history and many types and wonderful examples. Our life values, which have been developed and refined from the ancient past, make our present life even more beautiful. plays an important role in making sense of it.
In the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the fine arts of Central Asia, including Uzbekistan, began to gradually enter a period of its new formation. Basically, this period was influenced by the traditions of advanced European fine art through representatives of Russian and other peoples. Three-dimensionality, more developed in European countries, that is, this fine art, developed on the basis of the rules of the academic school, almost did not exist in our country at that time. The advanced art-loving representatives of our ancestors were more engaged in miniature methods of work and folk decorative art.
From the 20-30s of the 20th century to the 21st century, the artistic thinking of representatives of the fine arts of Uzbekistan was enriched with the national spirit,
1 Aydinov N. History of visual arts. -T.: Ijod, 2007. -5 p.
ITFVE^^Hl 436 ISSN 2181-063X/Impact Factor 4.047 (SJIF 2021)
and the aesthetic world began to acquire its own unique look. As the creative advances made during these years spread their influence to the next generations, it is now evident that attention to the traditions of the realist school has been forgotten in places.2 It is noticeable that the current level of the academic school, which is the basis of the fine arts, has somewhat weakened. At present, the preservation of the traditions of academic schools in the visual arts is becoming one of the pressing issues in the countries of the world. One of the main reasons for this is the modernist currents that refuse to depict real objects, that is, abstract art that arose in the process of separating cubism, expressionism and futurism in 1910-1913.3
As the great Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci said, "If you cannot imitate with your art all the qualities of the forms created by nature, you are unlikely to be a good painter." this area is a very complex area, showing how owning a horse is connected to the study and love of nature."4
"Academism" is a French word, a trend that arose in the Art Academies of the 16th-19th centuries and is based on strict adherence to the external forms of classical
2 (derived from the French modernisme - modern) is the general name of the artistic movement in the art of the 20th century.
3 (derived from Latin abstractus - abstract)
4 Aydinov N. History of fine arts. -T.: Iodine, 2007. -5 p.
art. Academism systematizes art education, contributes to the strengthening of classical traditions.
In Europe, the formation of modern academic schools began, changes began to occur in the fine arts of the world. One by one, it spread to Italy, Spain, France and other countries. Later, when a Russian school was created with the help of European specialists, "by the first half of the 19th century, the school of pencil drawing achieved high successes and successes. It was during this period that the Academy produced outstanding artists. Their motto was: "a true, objective reflection of being in art, imagination in constructive geometric forms, an accurate description of the plastic anatomy of the human body and perspective solutions, the creation of a perfect three-dimensional work."5
Creating a work for an artist is not as easy as it seems at first glance. He thought and found a solution. "Let me draw."
No, the appearance of an artist's idea does not mean that the event (plot) that he wanted to show happened, but the means of expressing his idea, the main arrangement of forms and the main color relationships, i.e. the decision and coloristic decision - all this should convey the artist's idea to the roofer.
In our opinion, today's requirements for educational programs based on academic stages are somewhat ignored. Polls conducted among young people learning the secrets of fine arts show that the three professors and teachers who teach pencil drawing, painting and composition in each workshop have different opinions. The problem is that the three teachers respond differently to students' questions about the solutions to the pencil drawing and coloring rules during the lesson. As a result, the student hesitates and cannot make the right decision. For example, if the head of the workshop gives direction to a production made from a pencil drawing, in his opinion, the second teacher gives a different direction. In fact, both teachers are right. However, this misunderstanding leads to the fact that the student is "between the stones" and does not have a firm opinion on this issue. Also, this process will have a serious impact on the duration of the academic school. Currently, some of the final assessment exhibitions are held in almost unsatisfactory condition.
The solutions to these problems are not difficult. First of all, teachers-trainers who teach in painting workshops with an easel should separate the process of pencil drawing and painting on the basis of their creative activity. For example, if a workshop leader is responsible for drawing and composition, a teacher or assistant should teach pencil drawing problems and solutions. Every teacher should receive training designed just for him. Any student who is focused on one goal is bound to reach a high level. Also, serious attention should be paid to pencil drawing and
1 (lot. conservatio - preservation, protection, conservative)
plastic anatomy, which is the leading direction of the academic school. To do this, you need to organize additional circles according to the pencil drawing.
As Bahadir Jalolov noted: "Paper and pen create such a mysterious world in their union that it amazes everyone." As the heart manifests itself in everything, it realizes the Creator, becomes spiritualized and sees the reflection of the external in the internal..."6 If we cannot see the real, true primordial beauty, we cannot discover the inner beauty. So, if we cannot learn to observe life, understand beauty, form relationships and a plastic (elegant) artistic solution, which is the realist academic school, then we can understand the essence of creative trends, which are a collection of modernist currents known to all of us is unlikely. It is hard to believe that even in an abstract stream that has departed from the traditions of realistic art, works of art can appear without academic school science, including light-dark spots and warm-cold color relationships. The founders of abstract trends, first of all, having mastered the realistic school to perfection, then discovered new directions as a result of their creative search for other directions. The words of the great Picasso, who discovered many modernist trends, before his death sounded like this: "All my life I fooled you, you loved stupidity"7. It was stupidity at the level of art.
Development of modern Uzbek art. especially the clothing culture. architecture. Europe has its own national style and traditions applied in the field of housing construction. combined with Western art styles. It's no secret that sometimes it gets confused. It is noticeable that a more European style is leading in the work of young people. If a creative idea does not have a national basis, it is never complete. You can't create a universal work.
As you know, the study and knowledge of the academic school in the visual arts is necessary not only for an artist, but also for an engineer, doctor, agronomist and geologist, regardless of their specialty. For example, in the process of work, an engineer and a worker draw a technical body, a doctor draws human organs, an agronomist draws a plant or tree. The geologist describes the shape and color of the
6 Jalolov B. Memories of the future. -T., 2010.
7 Pravda newspaper, 1973.
ore he finds. We all know how important it is for architects, builders and teachers to be able to draw. The daily work of such specialists is closely connected with painting.
Based on the experience of creating a composition. studying his creative method is one way to give him a fair assessment. This is evidenced by the demands of time and the experience of teachers. scientific discussion of any methodological guide, its accuracy, completeness and effectiveness come only from deep creative experiences and specific methodological ideas. it must be assumed that it can accurately express a certain philosophy.
Visual art is a source of cultural enjoyment arising from the embodiment of academic school knowledge and inner experiences in order to be recognized as a work of art, regardless of the direction or movement to which it belongs. The rules of the academic school are involved in every composition, be it realism, avant-garde, abstract art in the art of the new era. All the laws of realism may be in danger of disappearing due to the emergence of abstract trends in painting, sculpture and graphics, refusing to depict concrete, real objects, from abstract works that have no form. Nowadays it seems that realistic works of art have been neglected. If we, like Europe, follow only abstract images and ideas, then in the future abstraction will dominate in the fine arts, naturally, abstraction will bore people with the beauty of life.
As mentioned above, we are far from the opinion that abstract art should be completely abandoned. In order to have our position and place in modern fine art among the countries of the world, we need to master the abstract direction well.
The creative process is approximately in the form of feeling-analysis-feeling. After all, art begins and ends with emotion. We perceive and perceive with him. It is when academic school knowledge and emotions come together that a work of art emerges.
References
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2. Жалолов Б. Келажак хдвдда хотиралар. -Т., 2010.
3. Rakhmetov G.S. "Basics of Composition in Machine Painting". T.: 2007. (Higher and secondary educational institution, Methodological manual on "painting".
4. Charles Boulot The Mystery of the Artist Geometry Study of Composition in
Art.
5. Traditional oil painting by Virgil Elliot.
6. Color guide and glossary. 2004-52 r.
7. Abdirasilov S. Fine arts and methods of teaching it. - T .: Ilm-Ziyo, 2011.
8. Abdullaev S.A. "Problems of composition in painting datgohli", Study guide. T .: TGII, 1996 .-- 75 p.
