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POSITION OF ART, TRADITIONS, CULTURE IN MODERN WORLD
Maltseva L.
Doctor of Education, Professor Kuban State University, Krasnodar Snaksarev P. Undergraduate Kuban State University, Krasnodar
ABSTRACT
Traditions, culture, customs begin where a person creates, and for a child this measurement is revealed through figurative thinking and mastery of creativity. Mastery of this measure is the essential sign of culture. The familiarization of young people with traditions, culture, and customs is the teaching of art and history. Keywords: culture, traditions, customs, upbringing, art, Cossacks, youth, thinking.
In history, a person has always played a huge role, and a person's personality will play. Pushed to the front line, she can, without fear, of any negative consequences, take full responsibility. Artists, poets, theorists and practitioners of space flight, large production managers and many simple workers in the village know how to work efficiently, beautifully and harmoniously. And be personalities.
So, the ongoing restructuring in education is justified by the data of recent psychological studies, which indicate that based on an objective consideration of age-related opportunities and finding the most optimal psychological conditions for teaching and upbringing, art can significantly improve the quality of knowledge, skills and teaching effectiveness. The psychological patterns of creating works of art are studied. The features of artistic thinking, the development of artistic perception are studied, and the task is to reveal the laws of the impact of a work of art on personality formation.
Fine art, fraught with special opportunities for the development of creative imagination and intuition, for a sense of joy. It opens up many possibilities. With the help of these materials, spatial thinking, imagination develops. They feel the material, representing themselves as creators and are capable of expressing their attitude to the world in the creation of specific objects.
Man lives by feelings, and feelings are an integral part of our ability to perceive the world, comprehend it, live in it, dream about the future, and therefore create it. Huge experience has been accumulated and using this experience, it is possible to educate the younger generation [6].
Artistic works answer not only questions of life, but also social, political, moral, that is, visual art should be a universal, multi-valued spiritual phenomenon. At the same time, the worldview in this process becomes not only a rational concept, but also a worldview, an organic manifestation of the personality. It is associated
with the creative nature of art, most fully orientes the artist to reality, makes it possible to understand the objective basis of his work. It gives expediency, social and aesthetic significance, ideas are realized, works of art are born that can serve socially progressive goals of society [6].
The position of art in society is an extremely acute issue. The relevance of this problem lies in the fact that the general level of moral and cultural development of the younger generation suffers greatly from its unresolved nature.
Global transformations of society put forward the task of raising the quality and effectiveness of education to a new level. The formation of the intellectual and emotional development of youth, the formation of social, ethical and aesthetic ideals depends on this. A special role in the formation of aesthetic education of youth in modern society is played by a large role in fine and decorative art.
Studying art, we perceive the world, thinking develops, which gives an inexhaustible fullness of attitude to life. Leaving school and embarking on a chosen career path with such "baggage", a person will enrich his specialty even more, not to mention the possibility of interesting communication with people of various professions. Everyone will clearly understand the significance of the creative process both in creating a work of art and in the most modest everyday work. The study of fine art prevents the emergence of a prosaic attitude to things created by the hands and creative mind of a person, while developing respect for the activities of his contemporary. And what is very important, it makes us understand and see the joint efforts of each of us in the general labor rhythm of the country.
Creativity is one of the most mysterious concepts of human activity. To create, to create this sacred action, which distinguishes a person from the whole living world, giving significance to his existence. Creativity as a category covers all types of human activity. From labor, mental to spiritual. Even a simple everyday life without this category will freeze, become everyday life - boring and useless. All these types of creative activities are closely intertwined, complementing and developing each other. Over time, improving society and the world.
An artist always begins in childhood, when nature gives many of us a chance - an age-related predisposition to color combinations; it is usually twenty percent higher than that of an ordinary adult person.
Each locality has its own characteristics, its own unique beauty of nature, its own crafts. To familiarize students with the richness of their native land in teaching the basics of fine writing, decorative and folk art, this helps to instill a sense of beauty and love for art, for folk art crafts and native nature.
Traditions, culture, customs begin where a person creates, and for a child this measurement is revealed through imaginative thinking and mastery of creativity. Mastery of this measure is the essential sign of culture. The familiarization of young people with traditions, culture, and customs is the teaching of art and history.
The familiarization of youth in the Kuban with the traditional culture of the Cossacks should take place throughout life, and be passed on from generation to generation. First, the guys just perceive the objects surrounding them, then, as a rule, they prepare their creative works under the guidance of a teacher. Culture has a huge impact, gives birth and deepens noble, high feelings, actively forms aesthetic relations to the surrounding reality. Folk and arts and crafts introduces children to the poetic world of the image, enriches their artistic perception, developing their imagination and imagination.
Centuries-old traditions help us to form moral and aesthetic attitudes towards life among young people. In the Cossack region, a Cossack cannot consider himself a Cossack if he does not know and does not follow the traditions and customs of his ancestors. We are reviving traditions and customs that have unique conditions for the formation and study of the national culture of the Kuban Cossacks.
The traditional spiritual culture of the Kuban Cossacks is rich and diverse. In many ways, rituals and customs are associated both with Orthodoxy and the military way of life. The Cossacks enjoy special respect for the Christian holidays of the Protection of the Holy Virgin and Nicholas the Wonderworker. The Blessed Virgin Mary has long been considered an intercessor of the Russian land, and the Protection of the Mother of God was a symbol of her intercession and help. Therefore, the feast of the Intercession among the Cossacks is considered the most important [1].
Cossack compound Compound of the fisherman
And today everyone can see live pictures of that distant history: how the Cossacks fought, how they raised bread, how weddings were celebrated, to see all this and a museum was built in the Krasnodar Territory in the open air with Cossack history and traditions, on
the shores of the Sea of Azov, on the peninsula of Ta-man and gave it the name Ataman village, where there are courtyards with old huts, and a market square with carts and carts, and a chapel, and other objects corresponding to the village buildings of those times [2].
Outbuildings Watchtower Cossack compound
The interior of the Cossack hut
Traditions are always a new discovery for the young generation, carrying a body of knowledge and experience, tested over the centuries, culture and eth-nos. It is necessary to develop and maintain the traditional culture of the Kuban Cossacks, folk crafts [6].
Folk art is a product of the centuries-old experience of a large number of masters of different generations and it clearly demonstrates the basic principles of this type of art: stylization, transformation, flatness, decorativeness, ornamentality of the whole and its parts, rejection of anything accidental, insignificant, emphasis on the most expressive. In this experiment, unsuccessful and inorganic decisions are not repeated; only proven, the best remain.
This art is capable of educating and at the same time shaping the inner, single and unique world of the child. At the present level, traditional culture and the aesthetic ideal embodied in it are the future, a vision of the future in the present. It is always striving forward. Speaking of the traditional culture of the Kuban, at the same time show the younger generation this future in the present.
The goals and objectives of the school in the study of fine art, the history of their people.
Modern pedagogical practice of fine, decorative-applied and folk art has an interest in the integrated education and synthesis of educational disciplines in the framework of teaching fine and decorative art, folk art in secondary schools and is aware of the need:
1) draw attention to the fine, decorative, applied and folk art in order to develop local national artistic traditions, give them life in a new quality, becoming the prototype of modern trends;
2) to revive folk art, folk traditions of their region, aesthetically educate, develop artistic taste;
3) to enrich the inner world of students with means of understanding the spiritual side of art, folk culture and knowledge in the field of decorative and applied art;
4) the ability of students to self-actualize in the lessons of fine art, to know the world around them, to develop observation, imagination, spatial thinking, to be aware of what they have seen.
Teaching fine art in a comprehensive school, the main task is to expand the horizons of students. Aesthetic education of students is a complex and multifac-eted area in pedagogy and psychology. For modern man, the culture of communication, the culture of vision, color perception, means no less than the culture of speech communication, which is given great importance in the secondary school. Create modern methods, systems, programs, curricula. This is now dictated by the need to bring the entire system of artistic development with the needs of today [5].
Fine and decorative art are fraught with special opportunities for the development of creative imagination and intuition, for the sensation of joy of the student as the creator of his work. It opens up many possibilities, and it begins in elementary school. Here the guys deal with a wide variety of materials and processes. Before him is not only paints and pencils, but also clay, plasticine, cardboard, paper. With the help of these materials, spatial thinking, imagination develops. They feel the material, representing themselves as creators and are capable of expressing their attitude to the world in the creation of specific objects.
To evaluate the educational process, a key concept of the child's upbringing is introduced.
The upbringing of students is the degree to which their personal development matches the goals set by teachers. The goal acts as some general measure. It is a general criterion for the professional evaluation of the educational result. A measure of upbringing is a measure of compliance with these criteria:
1. The holistic reflection in the content of school education, for the formation of the tasks of a creative independent thinking person of a democratic society.
2. The high scientific and practical significance of the content of educational material included in each individual educational subject.
3. Correspondence of the complexity of the content of educational material to the real educational opportunities of students of this age.
4. Correspondence of the amount of content to the time available for studying this subject, the educational, methodological and material base of a modern school.
The teacher's professional theoretical thinking is the ability to analytically consider the process as a systemic phenomenon in its relation to universal culture. This professional opportunity indirectly affects the organization of everyday pedagogical work with children. The theoretical level of thinking of the teacher allows you to widely capture the reality of the life of students, revealing in it what serves or should serve as a factor in the development of personality.
Direct work with students that can be observed is a different level of professionalism of the teacher, his methodological training. It consists, first of all, of the ability to organize the daily diverse activities of schoolchildren, or rather, joint activities with children. In or-
forced to learn to extract from the cultural sources -such as science, morality, art, technology, personalities of outstanding personalities - all the wealth of human achievements, material and spiritual.
Individual abilities suggest differences in the degree of giftedness. Students are not equal, some stand out among their peers in their talent as artists, others have abilities in decorative, applied or folk art.
Ability is the possession of the ability to carry out some activity. It is based on innate inclinations and is formed precisely in this activity. To draw any object, it is necessary to consider this object, to see. This requires the ability of students to be able to distinguish between forms, sizes and proportions, to see color and its tonal relationships.
The ability to fine art develops in exercises to purposefully go to the intended goal, namely in drawing. But before you complete the drawing, you still need to imagine, see, imagine how it will look on a sheet of paper. Imagination helps students create a sequence of work. The performance itself needs compositional abilities that help to position the drawing on the sheet, and generalization abilities that allow you to tentatively outline the general, most important, discard the details. All stages of execution require special abilities. To these abilities one must add those that determine the emotionality of perception - the ability to enjoy what is observed, its rhythm, contrasts, harmony. It is they who give rise to a creative impulse, the need to reproduce their observations or ideas in the figure [5].
Each person who is keen on drawing, if it is placed in favorable conditions, one will find the ability to understand the world - in the selection of content, in its interpretation, in drawing, color, composition of his
der to master the methodological level, the teacher is creative works.
Control groups 25 people - 100% Experimental groups 25 people - 100%
Low level Middle level High level Low level Middle level High level
1. Wallow (dry) 1,2 57,4 41,4 1,0 57,5 41,5
2. Wallow (toys) 1,4 57,3 41,3 1,2 57,6 41,2
Control groups Experimental groups
Children's work
Dryfelting
Of the three drawing methods, it was proposed to do the work: by imagination, from memory, from nature - at the end of the work, preference was for drawing from nature. The desire to draw objects as they are visible. By this they cause interest in drawing from life. But at the same time, the guys with great interest perform work on decorative arts.
The figurative language of decorative art has its own characteristics. Color and shape in decorative art often have symbolic meaning.
A sense of harmony and a sense of material can be developed among beginners in the process of studying color and linear rhythms, compositional harmony is gradually being developed from lesson to lesson. They learn the story and how to carry them out.
The accumulation of practical skills of expressive use of the texture of the material, color, pattern, volume, space, composition, the ability to coordinate details among themselves for uniting them into a single ensemble continues.
In the classroom, everyone learns to express their personal understanding of the value of decorative art in people's lives.
The didactic principles of the teacher and student acting in unity (the book becomes a textbook when it is included in the learning process and becomes a means for the teacher and student, knowledge is not studied in isolation, not by itself, but along with the methods of their transfer and assimilation, unity upbringing and education, training not only as an object of study, but also as an object of scientifically based design, visualization in training).
The role of color in the disclosure of the artistic image in the performance of decorative works. Graphic means of expressiveness are studied, as a line in the transmission of calm and dynamics in a realistic, decorative, formal (abstract composition).
Line in the organization of things, objects (decorative metal gratings, lace). Line and surface (ornament on the volume). Methods for applying a contour-type pattern to objects made of various materials (clay, papier-mache, porcelain, wood, paper, fabric).
A silhouette and a spot in creating a real, caricature, decorative image. Silhouette images of landscape, portrait, plot-decorative composition (silhouettes of ancient Egyptian wall paintings, ancient Greek vase painting).
Bar and its value in the image of volumetric objects. Characteristic of hatching: vertical, horizontal, inclined, arched, spiral in the transfer of materiality, texture of objects.
The interaction of fine art in modern conditions occurs at the level of artistic development of our society. Art gives joy, especially to children, when they see their work, enjoyment, spiritually enrich and at the same time awaken the artist in him. Between art and man is another important link - culture, the mastery of which determines its ability to create a work of art.
Culture is transferred from one person to another in the process of socialization and contacts with other cultures of the peoples of the world, but also because culture forms in people a sense of belonging to a certain group. The meaning of studying culture is not limited to the fact that it opens up something new for a person to understand only culture itself: such study is important for understanding the essence of almost all, or, in any case, many aspects of society. In many cases, it is through the community of culture that a particular social formation acquires integrity, from a disparate collection of people it turns into a unity with an ordered structure:
Firstly, culture is a sphere of free self-realization of personality, a sphere of creativity, inspiration.
Secondly, culture is a value attitude to real life in society.
Thirdly, culture is an artificial world created by thought, spirit and hands of a person, different from the nature that surrounds us.
Educating young people on art, culture, and the history of the Kuban Cossacks means preserving the historical continuity of two generations. At the turning stages of modern society, a sense of self-consciousness is exacerbated, interest in art, history, and national culture is growing.
Without Cossacks today, it is impossible to maintain public order in the Kuban, protect natural resources, military-patriotic education of the younger generation and prepare young people for military service. The role of the army in the socio-political life of the region is also significant. Therefore, the decade of the revival of the Kuban Cossacks was an event for all Kuban.
The creative education of young people with the help of traditions, culture, customs of the Kuban Cossacks, art has become an urgent need of society in our time. Education, the development of individual abilities is one of the most important aspects of creative education. Artistic development is a means of developing the creative personality as a whole. Each individual person in his talents is not like the others, how different the rivers are. But the waters of all rivers flow into the sea.
So all creators form a unity, contributing to the society of people. Art is capable of reproducing artistically and, at the same time, forming an internal, single and unique world of beauty. It approaches the interpretation and social, moral, aesthetic, spiritual formation of man.
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