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THE ROLE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN HISTORICAL
SCIENTIFIC WORKS
d https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14262264
Sheraliyeva Shirin Abdisalomovna
Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences (PhD) Uzbekistan State World Languages University E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0009-1210-9189
Abstract. This article discusses the role of phraseological units in historical scientific works. A number of scientific papers have been studied on this topic. The views of various scientists on this concept are given as examples. Researching this issue is relevant and important for understanding the influence of phraseological units on the structure and content of historical scientific works as phraseology plays a significant role in shaping the style and language of texts, as well as in conveying certain cultural and historical concepts. The study of this topic will allow us to more deeply explore the relationship between language and historical scientific works, as well as identify the features of the use of phraseological units in different contexts and eras. Besides, the study of phraseological units in historical scientific works is an important area in linguistics and philology. Understanding the specifics of the use of phraseology in different eras helps expand our knowledge about the language and culture of the past. Further research in this area may lead to new discoveries and understanding of how phraseological units influence the formation of scientific text. The functions of phraseological units in historical scientific works are also varied. They can be used to convey certain concepts, emotions, and also to create a certain style of text. Studying the functions of phraseological units helps to understand how they influence the perception of the text and its content.
Key words: phraseology; phraseological units; historical scientific works; culture; term; history; etimology.
FRAZEOLOGIK BIRLIKLARNING TARIXIYILMIY ASARLARDAGI
O'RNI
Sheraliyeva Shirin Abdisalomovna
Filologiya fanlari bo'yicha falsafa doktori (PhD) O'zbekiston davlat jahon tillari universiteti
Annotatsiya. Maqolada tarixiy va ilmiy asarlarda frazeologik birliklarning o 'rni ko'rib chiqiladi. Ushbu mavzu bo 'yicha bir qator ilmiy ishlar tadqiq qilindi. Mazkur tushunchaga turli olimlarning qarashlari misol tariqasida keltirilgan. Bu kabi masalani o 'rganish frazeologik birliklarning tarixiy ilmiy asarlarning tuzilishi va mazmuniga ta 'sirini anglash uchun dolzarb va muhimdir, chunki frazeologik birliklar ilmiy matnlarning uslubi va tilini shakllantirishda, shuningdek, muayyan madaniy va tarixiy tushunchalar hamda ma 'lumotlarni uzatishda muhim rol o 'ynaydi. Bundan tashqari, frazeologik birliklarning tarixiy ilmiy asarlardagi o'rni masalasini tadqiq qilish til va tarixiy ilmiy asarlar o'rtasidagi munosabatni chuqurroq o'rganish, shuningdek, frazeologik birliklarning turli kontekst va davrlarda qo'llanish xususiyatlarini aniqlash imkonini beradi. Frazeologik birliklarning turli davrlarda qo'llanilishini o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini tushunish o'tmish tili va madaniyati haqidagi bilimlarimizni kengaytirishga yordam beradi. Bu sohadagi keyingi tadqiqotlar yangi kashfiyotlar va frazeologik birliklarning ilmiy matn shakllanishiga qanday ta'sir qilishini tushunishga olib kelishi mumkin, chunki tarixiy ilmiy asarlarda frazeologik birliklarning vazifalari xilma-xildir. Ulardan ma'lum tushunchalarni, his-tuyg'ularni yetkazish, shuningdek, matnning ma'lum bir uslubini yaratish uchun foydalanish mumkin. Frazeologik birliklarning funktsiyalarini o'rganish ular matnni va uning mazmunini idrok etishga qanday ta'sir qilishini tushunishga yordam beradi.
Kalit so'zlar: ibora; frazeologiya; frazeologik birliklar; tarixiy ilmiy asarlar; madaniyat; tarix; etimologiya.
РОЛЬ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦ В ИСТОРИКО-НАУЧНЫХ
ТРУДАХ
Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается роль фразеологизмов в историко-научных произведениях. На эту тему изучен ряд научных работ. В качестве примеров приведены взгляды различных ученых на эту концепцию. Исследование этого вопроса является актуальным и важным для понимания влияния фразеологических единиц на структуру и содержание исторических научных работ, поскольку фразеология играет значительную роль в
формировании стиля и языка текстов, а также в передаче определённых культурных и исторических концепций. Исследование данной темы позволит более глубоко исследовать взаимосвязь между языком и историческими научными работами, а также выявить особенности использования фразеологических единиц в различных контекстах и эпохах. Кроме того, изучение фразеологических единиц в исторических научных работах является важным направлением в лингвистике и филологии. Понимание специфики использования фразеологии в разных эпохах помогает расширить наши знания о языке и культуре прошлого. Дальнейшие исследования в данной области могут привести к новым открытиям и пониманию того, каким образом фразеологические единицы влияют на формирование научного текста. Функции фразеологических единиц в исторических научных работах также разнообразны. Они могут использоваться для передачи определенных концепций, эмоций, а также для создания определенного стиля текста. Изучение функций фразеологических единиц помогает понять, каким образом они влияют на восприятие текста и его содержание.
Ключевые слова: фраза; фразеология; фразеологические единицы; исторические научные работы; культура; история; этимология.
Phraseological units, as a special category of language units, occupy an important place in historical scientific work, because they are stable word combinations that differ from the meaning of their components, acquire a new meaning, and are an integral part of the national language and culture. Phraseological units reflect the mentality, customs, traditions and historical events of past times, and also help researchers to understand the historical context and characteristics of the culture and society of that time.
"Phraseology is a treasure of language. Phraseological units reflect the history of the nation, the uniqueness of its culture and life" [Kunin A.V. 1996, p.5]. Phraseological units often have a bright national character. Phraseological units have their own history of origin and development, which, in turn, is closely related to the development of language and society.
It is known that the well-known uzbek scientist A. Mamatov was the first to study the issues of phraseological norms and speech culture in Uzbek linguistics. The scientist defines phraseological units as follows: "Phraseological unit is a stable lexical-semantic unit, structurally equivalent to a phrase or a sentence, having a generalized meaning, lexical elements having a partial or complete figurative meaning" [Mamatov A. 1991, p.207]. So, the phraseological unit is a component of the language and is a complex unit in terms of content, meaning and functionality.
They are an important element of communication and contribute to more clear and fluent expression of thoughts and ideas.
The history of phraseological units begins with the emergence of language as a means of communication. For the first time, people used these expressions to convey certain ideas and concepts to each other in the process of communication, but these phraseological expressions were simple and short-lived, because the language was in the process of formation and development [Zykova I.V. 2014, p.28].
Over time, the language became complex and diverse, and along with it, phraseological expressions developed and progressed. They became more stable and acquired a certain meaning that differs from the meaning of individual words. This happened because people began to use certain expressions in certain contexts and with certain semantic connotations [D'yakova N.A. 2006, p.26]. However, the origin and development of phraseological units is not limited to the literary context. They are also closely related to historical events and social processes. Later, new phraseological expressions, reflecting the changes in society and culture in different historical periods, appeared and began to be widely used.
In general, phraseological units have an important place in historical scientific works. Examples of this include:
1. Conciseness and precision: Phrases allow complex scientific concepts and ideas to be expressed in a concise and memorable manner. They help the author convey the main points of his research or theory and make them more accessible to readers.
2. Basis of terminology: Phraseological expressions can become terms that express specific ideas or concepts in the scientific field. They help establish a common language and ensure precision and clarity in communication between scientists.
3. Memorability: Phraseological units can be memorable idioms or metaphors that help to imprint the main ideas or research findings in the readers' memory. They make scientific papers more attractive and allow ideas to be disseminated to a wider audience.
4. Cultural references: Phraseological expressions may contain references to cultural or historical events. It helps scientists connect with students and makes their research more accessible and understandable.
5. Identifying the period: Phraseological units help to identify a specific historical period. For example, some phraseological expressions may be typical of the Middle Ages or the early modern period. The use of such phraseological units in the text allows readers to easily determine the time period under consideration.
6. Literary sources: Phraseological units found in literary sources can be valuable for historical researchers. The use of phraseological expressions in the literary work of that time allows to understand the literary trends, worldview, and way of thinking of the people of that time.
7. Language changes: Phraseological units can reflect changes in language and its evolution throughout history. They can show how the meanings of words and phrases have changed over time. The use of phraseological units in historical research helps researchers track changes in linguistics and their impact on society.
8. Source analysis: Phraseological units can be used in the analysis of past sources and documents. Some phraseological expressions may be specific to certain regions or social groups. The use of such phraseological units in historical scientific works allows researchers to better understand the social and cultural differences of the past.
In general, phraseological units play an important role in historical scientific works and provide information about cultural context, text authenticity, period determination, literary sources, language changes, and source analysis. They are a valuable tool for researchers, helping them better understand and interpret the past.
Therefore, phraseological units play an important role in the development of historical scientific works. They act as important mediators in communicating complex concepts to scientists, establishing terminology, making research memorable, and improving communication among the scientific community.
The development of literature and writing plays an important role in the development of phraseological units. With the advent of writing and the emergence of the ability to express language in writing, phraseological expressions became more stable and widespread. They began to be used in literary works and scientific works, which encouraged their preservation and wide distribution [Vasylenko A. P. 2010, p.262].
It is known that phraseological units have an important place in historical scientific works, because they are an integral part of the language and reflect and show the specific characteristics of culture and time. The inclusion of phraseological units in historical scientific texts helps to understand the mentality and social norms of that time, while conveying the atmosphere and style of that time. Phraseological units can be outdated or archaic expressions that reflect the specific features of the previous era and help the reader to enter the historical context. They may also provide information about certain cultural or social characteristics that may be incomprehensible to modern readers.
We can find the first examples of phraseological units in historical scientific works in ancient texts. For example, in ancient Greece and Rome, phraseological
units were used in literature and rhetoric to create effective speech and express complex concepts, but the systematic study of phraseological units began much later [Zykova I. V. 2014, p.2].
Phraseology began to develop actively in Europe in the Middle Ages. Great poets and writers such as Shakespeare and Dante used phraseological units extensively in their works, which gave them a special impact and depth. Phraseology was an integral part of the literature of that time and played an important role in the formation of national literary traditions [Kunin A.V. 1986, p.228].
With the advent of new technologies and scientific discoveries, new phraseological expressions also appeared. For example, with the development of industry and the mechanization of production in the 19th century, expressions related to steam engines and factory production appeared. It reflected changes in society and economy and became part of the language of the time.
Current phraseological units also reflect modern social processes and trends. They reflect our culture, technological progress and social change. For example, with the advent of the Internet and social networks, new phraseological expressions related to technology and communication have appeared.
It should be noted that the history of phraseological units is closely related to the history of language, literature and society. They reflect changes in culture, society and technology and are an important element of communication. Their origin and evolution reflect historical processes and events and are part of our cultural heritage.
The use of phraseological units in historical scientific works helps not only to preserve the authenticity of the text, but also to convey the author's own style and style of presentation. They make writing more lively and expressive, and convey complex ideas and concepts more clearly and effectively.
Therefore, phraseological units occupy an important place in historical scientific works, enrich the text and help to convey the specific features of the language and culture of a certain period.
Phraseological units can be associated with various historical events and symbols. For example:
1. French Revolution: the expressions "cut the head" or "go to the Guillotine" are associated with the period of the French Revolution (1789-1799), when many aristocrats and political figures were executed.
2. World War II: the expression "be on the front line" or "to cheat" is associated with the period of World War II (1939-1945), when people served at the front or disobeyed military orders.
3. American Revolution: the phrase "throw tea into the sea " refers to the events of the American Revolution (1775-1783), when colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor to protest British taxes.
4. The Great Depression: the expressions "run aground" or "be on the neck of the state" are associated with the Great Depression (1929-1939), when many people lost their jobs and livelihoods.
5. Ancient Rome: the expression "how Rome was built" is associated with the history of Ancient Rome, which means that Rome was built slowly and with great difficulty.
6. Middle Ages: the expressions "knight on a white horse" or "be in a castle" are associated with the Middle Ages, when knights were a symbol of nobility, and castles were a place of strength and protection.
7. IV centuries: the phraseological unit "discover America" appeared at the end of the 15th century, after Christopher Columbus discovered America. At that time, Europe already knew about the existence of America, but Columbus was the first European to reach its shores. Therefore, his discovery, although important, was not entirely new or unexpected.
These are just some examples of historical events and symbols that can be associated with phraseological units. Each period and each historical event has its own expressions and phraseological units that help us better understand and get used to the historical context of that period.
In addition, many authors used scientific phraseological units in their works. Some of them include:
1. Albert Einstein: The great physicist used the expression "relativity is everything " in his theory of relativity.
2. Charles Darwin: The author of the concept of natural selection used the phrase "the strongest survives " to describe the process of evolution.
3. Isaac Newton: the phrase "I stand on the shoulders of giants" was used by Newton to express his respect for earlier scientists who influenced his discoveries.
4. Carl Sagan: the great astronomer used the phrase "pale blue dot" to describe the Earth, realizing its insignificance in the Universe.
5. Richard Feynman: the term "Feynman integrals" was used to describe integral calculations related to particle physics.
Albert Einstein used several idioms in his theory of relativity. Some of them include:
1. "Relativity is everything ": This phrase emphasizes the main idea of the theory of relativity - that all physical phenomena and laws must be considered in relation to each other, taking into account the different positions and movements of the observer.
2. "Time is the fourth dimension": Einstein presented space and time as a unified four-dimensional structure, where time plays the role of the fourth dimension.
3. "Mass-energy equivalence": Einstein proposed the famous formula E=mcA2, which defines the equivalence of mass and energy.
4. "Curvature of spacetime ": Einstein showed that space and time are curved in the presence of mass and energy, which affects the movement of bodies and the distribution of gravitational fields.
Determining the practical use and application of phraseological units in historical scientific works was an important result of the research. It was shown that they can be used to convey historical events and events more accurately, to create the original atmosphere of the past. In addition, phraseological units can serve as an important source of information about the culture and society of the past, which makes them an integral part of historical research.
Thus, the study of the role of phraseological units in historical scientific works made it possible to determine their importance for a more complete and accurate understanding of the historical material. Phraseological units are not only linguistic units, but also an important source of information about the culture and society of the past, but despite these studies, some unsolved problems and opportunities for further research remain. In particular, we can continue to study the specific features of the use of phraseological units in historical scientific works of different periods and different countries. It is also possible to study in more detail the functions of phraseological units and their influence on the perception of historical information in historical scientific works. Therefore, studying the place of phraseological units in historical scientific works is an urgent and important task, which allows a deeper and more complete understanding of the historical material and its transmission using linguistic means. Further research in this regard can serve to develop and deepen scientific knowledge about the role of phraseological units in historical scientific works.
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