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3International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI: 10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I5.242 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 05 2022
The Role of Information Technology in the Educational
System
Yarash Kh. Gaffarov, Professor, Chirchik State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan. Abstract— The article shows the role of information texnology in the system of humanities today.
Keywords— Rationality, Uncertainty, Reality, Perception, Heuristic, Post-industrial, Nanotechnologies, Prototype, Innovation, Concept.
I. Introduction
In general, the interest and attention to the use of interactive methods, innovative technologies, pedagogical and information technologies in the educational process is growing day by day in the educational process, one of the reasons for this is that until now, in traditional education, students were taught to acquire only ready-made knowledge, but modern technologies help them teaches them to search for the acquired knowledge by themselves, to study and analyze independently, and even to draw their own conclusions. In this process, the teacher creates conditions for the development, formation, learning and upbringing of the individual, and at the same time performs the function of management and guidance. In the process of education, the student becomes the main figure. Therefore, the place and role of modern teaching methods - interactive methods, innovative technologies in the training of qualified professionals in higher educational institutions and faculties is huge.
II. The Main Results and Findings
Analysis of information, knowledge, information concepts. In recent years, general concepts such as "information", "invariance", "uncertainty" have become the subject of philosophical analysis. These concepts, which arose in one or another branch of knowledge and rose to the level of logical-methodological means of scientific knowledge, are not only general methods of viewing objects and processes, but also forms of analysis of developing knowledge.
In the most general sense, information means any information about things and events, but so far there is no generally accepted definition of information.
The simplest classical definition of information is to provide information. According to N. Viner, "Information is an expression of content obtained from it in the process of getting used to the external world" [3:620]. Here, information is expressed as a reflection and adaptation of the external world. L. Popov believes that "Information is the elimination of ambiguity in the communication process" [8:27]. This definition mainly focuses on the philosophical and psychological aspect of information.
R. Ashby defines it as "Measure of information structures, innovation, originality" [14:409], and S. Mol defines it as "Probability of information-selection" [5:4849]. L. G. Svitich understands that "the concept of information has many meanings, but in the general philosophical, meta-linguistic sense, it is a set of potential, widely illuminated real essences" [9:230].
Information-objective is a concept representing an important part of reality, which manifests itself in material systems designed for self-preservation, processing and use of the results (traces) of influence. Objectivity, the availability of the possibility of transfer of materialization are important features of information.
"The study of information is inextricably linked with the analysis of the information-management process, because information is present in it as a functional property" [10:64].
The concepts of "information", "information", "knowledge" are often used interchangeably. This is partly because evidence that acts as information at one level may act as information at another level. For example, a radio or television reporter receives certain information during an interview. This information serves as information for the public opinion research center. From the information published by this center, in turn, higher office analysis can be used as information.
Information is used to draw certain conclusions or make decisions. They can be stored, transmitted and given, but cannot act as information. The concept of "data" reflects a collection of unrelated evidence. Data can be converted into information by analyzing it, identifying relationships, separating the most important facts and synthesizing them. Therefore, information is more valuable than data. Information is information put into a specific form for reasonable use. In turn, blocks of information can be transformed into an integrated corpus of knowledge by appropriate processing.
But not all information can be knowledge. So what is the relationship between information and knowledge? These concepts are often compared to each other, knowledge is described in the Komusi dictionary of philosophy as "information acquired by people about the phenomena of nature and society" [13:40]. In our opinion, this opinion cannot be agreed. But there is no single solution to the problem of the relationship between knowledge and information.
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International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI: 10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I5.242 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 05 2022
In general, the concept of information is broader than the concept of knowledge. For example, a broken tree branch lying on the path gives information - it shows the direction of the traveler's movement, but it does not give information about the road - its weight, length, topography, time of day or season of the year to cross the path, etc. The result of cognitive activity is the system of concepts about existence obtained with the help of this activity. Therefore, any kind of knowledge does not provide information. However, information that is modified to a certain extent, recorded and expressed in language (sounds, gestures, pictures, etc.) can be considered as knowledge. Knowledge, as an ideal reflection of social and natural existence in the form of a sign, is considered a personal human phenomenon, unlike information, which is a whole that exists in a subjective form. Information exists not only in a subjective form (in the form of knowledge), but also in an objective form. It is separated from its immediate creator and consolidated in other material carriers. Information always has the nature of imparting knowledge through communication networks, and knowledge is always related to the personality of its creator.
On the other hand, if we understand information only as formalized knowledge, and knowledge as a form of existence of consciousness, the concept of knowledge is broader than the concept of information. But a symbol or group of symbols cannot be knowledge by its mere physical nature. In order for them to become knowledge, they should have a certain meaning and serve as a basis for activity, and enter into certain pragmatic relations. Knowledge is not a process or a thing, but a separate system of relations between a subject and an object. Knowledge is the insight into emotional and logical forms of existence, which is a necessary condition of human activity, which has arisen in the course of a person's practical attitude towards existence. Knowledge always contains information, but this "human" information has its own characteristics. Knowledge is a component of human consciousness. Consciousness, apart from knowledge, also has emotions, moods, intuition, will, etc. Knowledge, as a component of consciousness, is closely related to them. Information is added to the communicative process, making it possible for knowledge to become the wealth of a particular individual. The content of knowledge of a particular subject is never limited to the content of perceived information. Perception, as a special type of knowledge, implies understanding, understanding, and interpretation of received information [6:391].
In fact, if we look at history, humanity has never before collected information at such a rapid pace as it is now. This is especially true of the growth of scientific knowledge. If it took 1750 years for the doubling of scientific knowledge from the beginning of Christ, the second such increase occurred in 1900, and the third in 1950, that is, in just 50 years. During this half acp, the volume of information increased 8-10 times. If in the 19th century the volume of scientific information doubled every 50 years, now it is doubling every 20 months.
Information is an important resource of socio-economic, technological and cultural development; the scale of its use is equal to the scale of traditional resource use (energy, raw materials, etc.). Spending on information is of macroeconomic importance. The importance of information in the life of society is increasing day by day. The ways of working with information are changing, the fields of application of new information technologies are expanding.
Information arises as a product (result) of the process of mutual communication between its subject and object (source). The concept of information as a transmitted, invariant part of reflection can describe the activity of self-regulating systems capable of performing a selection process. Information is an important part of the diversity reflected in complex content systems, serving as a means of communication. It embodies a number of properties - not only reflection, control, but also acts as a means of communication. Here, the communicative aspect of information comes first.
Information is a concept that represents an important part of objective reality and is manifested in material systems designed for storage, processing and use of the results (traces) of influence. Information has its content in the process of activity of these systems. Objectivity, materialization and transferability are important characteristics of information. "The study of information is inextricably linked with the analysis of the information-management process, because information is present in it as a functional property".
The problem of searching for new forms of knowledge is of great importance in the conditions of a democratic society, which is connected with the growth of scientific knowledge. This problem is mainly related to the transformation of knowledge through simplification with the help of information media.
In the study of the heuristic content of information, the elements of the tone of the informational situation have an important place: 1) the subject of information (receiver of information, its changer and user), object of information (source of information): interacts with the subject; 2) needs: solves the problem of choosing an important part of the reflected color. The intense consistent activity of the subject acts as one of the important factors in the process of information formation. External influences include the impact of the information object on the subject, codification and modeling of the effect, feedback, change under the influence of the subject's level of knowledge, etc.
Therefore, there is no uniform definition of the relationship between information and knowledge. But it is clear that there is a deep dialectic relationship between them. This connection is so deep that sometimes the concepts of information and knowledge are compared to each other in our daily practice, especially when we talk about the rapid growth of human knowledge, which is now known as the "information explosion".
Information technology is a combination of computer technology, electrical communication, informatics capabilities aimed at selection, accumulation, analysis and delivery of information to the user.
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International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI: 10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I5.242 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 05 2022
In the description of any technology underlying the production process, it is possible to distinguish the processing subject, methods and methods, production tools, description of production methods. Technology is regulated and organized as a process. But while traditional technologies rely on material-energy factors, information technology is based on information. The basis of information technology is not material, but ideal factors. Information technology is defined as a set of information circulation and processing processes, as well as a description of these processes. Information is data processing and objects. Information processing it is possible to create components of the description of the technological routes and scenarios of the delivery processes. Therefore, the concept of information technology is interpreted from two different theoretical and practical perspectives. "From a theoretical point of view, information technology is a scientific and technical science, within which the problems of developing and using automated processes of information circulation and processing are studied.
From a practical point of view, information technology is a set of automated processes of information circulation and its processing, a description of these processes that depend on a specific field and are implemented in modern technical and economic tools" [4:58].
Modern information technology uses technical achievements of the 1970s, such as the telegraph, telephone, radio, and television. Based on the scientific and technical experience, the means of storing information in machine-readable carriers were created. Such tools ensure the delivery of information to any point of the globe without any limitations in time and space. Finally, the technology of automated processing of information with the help of computers according to specified algorithms was developed. The Concert of Information Society (authors - E. Masuda, D. Martin, G. Molitor, etc.) occupies an important place in modern science. It has taken the place of the concept of industrial and post-industrial society, and informatics and information technology serve as a means of changing the productive forces of the social structure of society and creating an integrated information industry. In some developed countries, state programs for building an information society have been adopted. Such a program has been adopted, for example, in Japan. Japanese scientist E. Masuda described in his works "The New Era of Global Information Use" and "Information Society PostIndustrial Society".
In the new concepts of the formation and development of the information society in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the theoretical foundations of the development of the information society in the world are emphasized as the main factor of social development and the need to use information efficiently. Z. Brzezinski, D. Bell, E. Toffler [1:784] -
studying the development of society as a "change of stages", they associate the development of the informational postindustrial society with the priority of the "fourth" informational sector of the economy, which comes after agriculture, industry and other economic service sectors. They believe that capital is the basis of industrial society, and labor is dependent on information and knowledge in an information society. Unlike some other theorists, these scientists see the revolution not as a result of a socio-political movement, but in an "information explosion" that replaces the class structure of society with a socially non-differentiated "informed community" [2:85].
Nanotechnology. In the 21st century, the improved form of human information technology has created nanotechnologies. A nanometer is the prefix of units and defines one billionth. For example, a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nano is derived from the Greek word 'nanos' meaning 'dwarf. Nanotechnology is a miniature technology, the prototype of which is embodied in nature itself. Invisible bacteria, ants, spiders and similar insects are natural nano-bodies. Atoms and the distances between them are also measured in fractions of nanometers. The term nanotechnology was first used in 1974 by the Japanese scientist Norio Taniguchi to describe the process of creating new objects and materials. The first technical tools in this field were invented in the Swiss IBM laboratory. Gerd Bining and Henry Rohrer, who invented the scanning probe in 1982, won the Nobel Prize in 1986.
Nanotubes are 10,000 times thicker than a human hair, but 10 times stronger than steel. In the future, if the synthesis of one-meter-long nanotubes is achieved, a major change in industry and technology may occur. Because a material as thin as a hair fiber that can carry hundreds of kilograms of load is not expected to be useful in many fields.
According to experts, the third millennium will be the century of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In the next 40-50 years, the business economy of nanoproducts and nanotechnology will become the most developed sector. With the help of nanobiotechnologies, medical services will develop and a new opportunity will appear in the maintenance of human health. In particular, today's surgical nanotechnologies prevent difficult operations and their negative consequences. In particular, laser scissors can easily remove a wound from an inflamed part of the human body. In 2020, it is expected that the operations with the help of non-technologies will be further improved, and the creation of nanosurgeons that move in human vessels and tissues, find and kill infected cells. In this case, 20,000 nanorobots are injected into the body, the size of nanorobots is equal to the size of one bacterium, these nanorobots determine which part of the body is inflamed and treat or cut off that part.
Scientists, it is predicted that in 2020, nano-clothes will be created that protect people from car accidents, raise their mood, and tell which part of their body is unhealthy, and they will be sold in ordinary stores. It will be possible to establish a new globalized communication system that connects all communication networks. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, mankind did not believe in the creation of submarines, washing machines, mobile phones, color televisions, computers, airliners flying at a speed of two thousand km per hour, and began to use them after their creation.
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International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE) DOI: 10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I5.242 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 05 2022
nanotechnology is infected. Therefore, the possibilities of nanotechnologies can be doubted for now, but 2020 is not far
away, and the first military uniforms will be created that will redirect the bullet fired from the enemy's pistol [7:414-415].
III. Conclusion
Methodological recommendations for increasing young people's interest in science and forming their professional skills
on the basis of information technologies:
• Effective use of information technology opportunities in the formation of students' information culture.
• Paying special attention to the formation of professional qualities in future junior specialists in computer circles and Internet clubs.
• Organization of students' independent work on information technologies and effective use of ICT (new information technologies).
• To ensure intersubjectivity and relevance in learning relevant academic subjects.
• Improvement of students' professional practical activities.
• Use of new pedagogical technologies, establishment of innovative education, etc.
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