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40Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
THE ROLE OF AGRITOURISM IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OF RURAL AREAS IN UZBEKISTAN
Farangiz Murodilloyevna Yoriyeva
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti, o'qituvchisi E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This article discuss about the role of agrotourism in the development of rural areas of Uzbekistan. Market economy analyzes show that today agrotourism is one of the rapidly developing and profitable types of tourism. There are sufficient opportunities for the development of rural and agro-tourism in our country. Agrotourism is an effective way to develop the country's economy and improve the lifestyle of the population. If the problems hindering the development of this industry in Uzbekistan are identified and practical work on their solution is carried out, many effective results will be achieved in the tourism market.
Keywords: rural tourism, agrotourism, agrotourism activities, agriculture, farm
INTRODUCTION
Agrotourism is one of the fastest growing tourism destinations in the world over the past decade. Until recently, rural development was directly linked to the development of agriculture, which provided employment and generated income for a vast majority of rural population. However, as the agricultural productivity and efficiency of farm employees increased, the structure of rural population started to change; the rate of people working and earning their living mainly in agriculture has gradually declined. Driven by these global trends, agricultural producers worldwide are looking for new opportunities to diversify and add revenue streams to their businesses. That is why nowadays a growing part of farmers' income is generated by various forms of nonagricultural economic activities, for example agrotourism. Agrotourism generally considered a component of rural tourism: while in the latter, the tourism and recreational services provided by a wide range of companies (hotels, restaurants, etc.) Agrotourism activities carried out exclusively by farmers. .
Thanks to the effective organization of agrotourism activities in rural areas of Uzbekistan, the infrastructure improvements and the ameliorated social services provision the following beneficial effects are expected:
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
1. Increase in income of the local population;
2. Higher local administrations budget availability, due to new income-taxes
flow;
3. Creation of new jobs;
4. Preservation and promotion of cultural traditions and national values;
5. Environmental protection and living standards of the rural population growth.
OBJECTIVE
Agrotourism is an important way of diversifying agriculture and rural areas. In addition, it makes it possible to use production resources in the countryside and constitutes an additional source of income for both farmers and the local community.
Our villages are located in different natural zones and heights, so the peoples of these villages have been historically united for centuries. That is why seeing and studying their common way of life, national customs, national production, national culture, national games and national values is very important for our self-awareness. The history, culture, economy, spiritual and enlightenment life of our country are closely connected with the villages.
Currently, there are around 11000 villages in Uzbekistan. Each of these villages has a unique tourist destination. It is untenable that the organization and development of tourism, which is widely used in tourism activities in our country, especially in rural areas, have a great impact on our socio- economic life. At the moment, our government attaches great importance to creating new jobs in rural areas and improving the living standards of the population. Development of tourism in rural areas is important and it has many potential. These options include:
> low cost of rural services and accommodation services;
> freedom to watch and participate in national games;
> 2-2.5 times cheaper than urban settlements and catering services;
> ecological cleanliness of rural areas;
> availability of ecologically clean food products;
> preservation of the ancient national cultural heritage and traditions of our people;
> preservation of the national product development (national handicrafts, defective goods,
Secondly, we have the resources of the following types of tourism in our
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
villages:
> specially protected areas — near the national parks of Uzbekistan, the state nature reserve, the state nature reserve, nature monuments, the location of our villages;
> historical and archaeological tourism resources — historical monuments, historical sites, archaeological ruins, findings;
> ethnographic tourism resources — ancient local lifestyle, national folklore, traditions, culture, ceremonies, national games;
> agricultural and agro-tourism resources — orchards, farming, cultural landscapes and agricultural works, horticulture, village views and construction;
> sources of religious and travel tourism — sacred places, graves of saints, medicinal springs, various religious rituals;
> ecological tourism resources — the location of rural areas in all natural and geographical regions of our country (mountain, for third, desert, steppes, reservoirs);
> recreational and recreational tourism resources — hostels, health centers, resorts, mineral waters, springs, forests, forests, forests, waterfalls, river banks;
> Working style and lifestyle of farmers — farming, fodder preparation, crop production and sale.
The above information means that there is enough potential for the development of rural and agro-tourism in our country. Tourism is an effective way to develop the economy of the country and improve the lifestyle of the population. Therefore, we need to identify the problems that prevent the growth of this industry and find their solutions
MATERIALS AND METHODS.
The limited literature on agritourism development in developing countries also prompted the researcher to study this topic. Most studies on agritourism are related to countries with developed tourism such as Germany, Italy, France, USA, Spain, Great Britain, Great Britain, Greece, Poland, Thailand and Australia.
In the research work "Importance of agrotourism in the sustainable development of rural areas in Uzbekistan", the works of many foreign scientists werestudied. Rural tourism, agrotourism, its forms, types, characteristics, features, motivations and factors have been widely studied by foreign scientists such as Akpinar et al., Hall and Jenkins 1998., Zoto, Qirici, and Polena, 2013., A.Yu. Alexandrova. M. 2009., J.W. Kloeze., Hron & Srnec, 2004., Marques (2006: 151)., Barbuddhe S.B.and Narendra Pratap Singh 2014., Broccardo L., Colasso F., Truant
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
E. (2017)., Esposti R. (2012). , Malati Kaini(2019) PhD Scholar., Sznajder, M. and L. Przezborska(2004); Ermolaeva N. N (2012).
In addition, H.R. Halimov, B.N. Navrozzoda, M.T. Aliyeva, A.F. Saidov, I.S. Tukhliev, O.K. Khurramov and a number of other economist-scientists researches and opinions on the priority issues of tourism development and their solutions were studied
In the article theoretical analyzes are used:
- deals with the scientific understanding of the role, importance and features of agrotourism in the sustainable development of villages and improving the lifestyle of rural residents;
- identifying the problems that hinder the development of agrotourism and finding solutions to these problems;
- comparing global and domestic trends in the development of this direction of tourism.
The theoretical method of research consists of conclusions and suggestions given by the author.
RESULTS
An important role and importance of rural tourism development are unique in our country. The development of new areas of tourism will be an important factor in increasing competitiveness in the tourism market. One such area is agrotourism, which combines agriculture and tourism and offers new sources of income. According to the Decree1 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5611 dated January 5, 2019, the Concept of tourism development in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2025. The concept includes the following issues on the development of rural tourism:
- Involvement of farms, local population in rural areas (mainly in remote and mountainous areas) in tourism turnover (business);
- Construction of standard "tourist neighborhood" type housing complexes (traditional style) for farmers who are willing and able to receive tourists within the framework of rural and ethnographic types (traditional lifestyle, crafts, cooking);
In recent years, the issue of sustainable development in rural areas has been addressed under a holistic approach, which considers the environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainability. In line with multi-faced definition, the sustainable
1 O'zbekiston Respublikasida turizmni jadal rivojlantirishga oid qo'shimcha chora-tadbirlar to'g'risida" O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining Farmoni, Pf-5611.
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
development of rural areas in Uzbekistan is primarily targeted to the sustainability of farming activities and to ameliorate the viability of the rural areas, improving the quality of education, the medical and social services, reducing unemployment, and investing in rural infrastructure. Another effective way is to develop agro-tourism in rural areas.
The following SWOT analysis of Uzbekistan further highlighted the state of rural tourism (Table 1.)
Table 1. SWOT Analysis for agrotourism in Uzbekistan
Strengths • Strong agrotourism attraction (mountain hiking and the village tour). • Attractions spread the activities of • tourism throughout the year • own traditions • various holidays • folklore • favorable climate • natural conditions Opportunities • Agrotourism is forecasted to rise • Potential for creating new jobs in rural areas • Empowerment for rural areas • Promotion of local customs and traditions • Provides alternative markets for local produce • Opportunity for interaction with the outside world
Weaknesses • Inadequacy of business training for farmers • insufficient legislation on the development of agrotourism • Inadequacy of roads in villages • Issues of health and security facilities Threats • There is danger of massification of agrotourism • There is danger of lixiviation of cultural viability, vibrancy and authenticity • There is little political will and dedication • Lack of transparency in the revenue allocation and usage
Source:Author's work as a result of research
Based on the tabele, at present time there are also some problems on the field of agro tourism. Three main problems hinder the development of agrotourism in Uzbekistan, when the mentioned above factors are taken into account. First, this type of tourism business requires farms' investment to provide the tourism facilities and the public financial support is not yet adequate. This is one of the main reasons for the low rates of development of agrotourism in rural areas of the country in the last years.
The second problem is the absence of legal mechanisms regulating agrotourism
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
activity, a crucial factor, according to the Italian experience: for the development of this sector, a specific law on agrotourism activity have to be adopted.
Third, adequate investment on human capital (specific training and education, information provision, financial support to cover experts" advices costs, etc.)
Finally, one of the most important issues is that the infrastructures in rural areas are yet developed insufficiently.
Rural areas of Uzbekistan have great potential for agribusiness. Therefore, in effectively defining this activity of tourism, it is important to study foreign experience. The results of the study of the Italian experience, as well as their comparative analysis, show that the following agrotourism activities can be included in agrotourism development programs.
1. Establishment of active recreation zones in the countryside. In particularly, it is necessary to organize recreational facilities in beautiful, fresh places in rural areas. Additionally, horses, camels, hiking, fishing, various types of sports (such as tennis, swimming) and excursions (vineyards, fruit gardens), climbing and biking games can be organized;
2. In rural areas it is possible to organize various agricultural product fairs, local and international conferences, festivals (holidays, folklore), handicrafts;
3. Establishing gastronomic tourism in rural areas. Taking an active part in the preparation of Uzbek national foods and enjoy it on the spot, causes the great interest to travelers. In rural areas, melon, pumpkin, and bread holidays increase the flow of tourists to rural areas. There is also an opportunity for further development of agrotourism through the establishment of wine-tourism (wine tasting) in the villages of Tashkent and Samarkand. The world-wide diffused "wine-roads", "cheese-roads", etc. could be taken as examples to create network among farms and agrotourisms of a given area - specialized in a given value-adding agricultural product - and to implement tourism tours packages in the rural area.
4. One of the major areas of agrotourism is the organization of alternative health-care services in rural areas based on traditional methods. It is also possible to organize health-care services in mountainous regions of the Republic (Fergana valley, Jizzakh region, Tashkent region, Samarkand region and other regions), as well as desert zones (mud cure, salt lakes). Also, traditional medicine diffused in some rural areas could be an element of attraction.
5. Organization of training courses and seminars in farms. The organization of these courses is related to the activity of the farmer. For example, it is possible to
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
organize tasting courses in gardening, bee-keeping, cookery, and wine. In addition, tourists can be directly involved in the harvesting of agricultural crops.
6. Another important direction of the country's agrotourism activity in rural areas is the organization of agricultural museums and natural parks.
COCLUSION
Based on the research, the following conclusions can be drawn:
- Development of agrotourism in rural areas of Uzbekistan is effective for both economy and social sphere. The development of this type of tourism in rural areas has resulted in an increase in tax revenues to local budgets, the creation of new jobs, and especially the employment of rural women, the improvement of rural infrastructure and the traditions and customs of local populations as well as improving environmental protection and, in general, contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas in the country.
- In our country, first of all, the development of rural tourism requires the development of a state program and the second is the creation of a strategic plan.
- At the initial stage of development of agrotourism in Uzbekistan it is necessary to develop organizational and economic mechanisms of organization and management of rural tourism.
- At the second stage, it is planned to develop legal-normative laws on development of rural tourism on the basis of these organizational and economic mechanisms.
- In the third stage, based on the legal- normative laws of rural tourism development, registration of tourist resources in our villages, preparation of their description, we have to create touristic facilities in tourism facilities.
- One of the most pressing issues in the development of agrotourism in our country is the development of touristic routes and touristic excursion routes to tourist resources in rural areas.
- When it comes to services of touristic and touristic routes, its customers, tourists, become apparent. Therefore, in the development of agrotourism in our country, it is crucial to study tourist demand, tourist offers and tourist consumption and this issue is topical.
We need to study international technologies and programs in the area of development of rural tourism, taking into account that the country has not yet started serious scientific research. In the development of rural tourism, we have to study the
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
EU's "Strategic Plans for the Development of Rural Tourism". On the basis of this strategic plan, we need to develop programs that are important for the development of rural tourism, including the following.
- improving the legal and regulatory framework for rural tourism development;
- providing free information on all rural tourism information to potential tourists and information bureau of developing networks;
- financial support of farms participating in the program;
- allocate targeted funds to improve rural infrastructure;
- applying the incentive policy for farmers and encouraging the establishment of preferential taxes;
- search for investors to implement projects.
If we consistently work on the basis of these programs, we will achieve great success in the field of agro-tourism, thereby strengthening the position of Uzbekistan in the tourism market and further increase economic stability.
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ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 10 |October, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-10-138-146
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