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ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ НАУЧНОЙ РАБОТЫ
THE PROCESS OF SUBSTANTIVATION OF ADJECTIVES IN MODERN ENGLISH
Kurbonova Surayyo Anvarovna, Chariyeva Zebo, Karshi State University, Republic of Uzbekistan, Karshi
E-mail: jamolbek14mail.ru
ПРОЦЕСС СУБСТАНТИВАЦИИ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Курбонова Сурайё Анваровна, Чариева Зебо,
Каршинский государственный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Карши
Abstract. The article deals with the problems of the process of substantivation of adjectives in Modern English. The study of derivation without a derivative morpheme and the information provided in the literature on this theme is analyzed in the article.
Key words: derivation, morpheme, noun, adjective, verb, term, function, basic, conversion.
Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются проблемы субстантивации прилагательных в современном английском языке. В статье анализируются изучение деривации без деривационных морфем, а также информация, представленная в литературе данному вопросу.
Ключевые слова: деривация, морфема, существительное, прилагательное, глагол, термин, функция, основной, конверсия.
Derivation without a derivative morpheme has been variously treated by grammarians. It has been customary to speak of the conversion of nouns, adjectives and verbs. The term conversion has been used for various things. A. Kruisinga, for instance, makes reference to conversion whenever a word takes on a function which is not its basic one, as the use of an adjective as a primary (the poor, the British, shreds of pink, at his best). He includes here quotation words. Distinction must naturally be made between wholly and partly substantivised adjectives. Modern English adjectives
ВЕСТНИК НАУКИ И ТВОРЧЕСТВА
may be either wholly or partly substantivised. By wholly substantivised adjectives we mean adjectives wholly converted into nouns. Such adjectives may be preceded by the article, take the plural inflection and may be used in the possessive case, e. g.: a native, the native, two natives, a native's character, etc.
Adjectives only partly converted into nouns take the definite article (as regular nouns do) but are neither inflected for the plural nor can be used in the possessive case. The definite article has also a different function from that it would have when used with a noun: the happy means "happy people" in general. Such substantivised adjectives keep much of their adjectival nature, which we see in the possibility of qualifying them by means of adverbs: e. g. the really happy. Substantivation of abstract adjectives intensifies the word meaning and often serves stylistic purposes as a colourful means of emphasis in literary style. Converted nouns of this kind are generally used in singular constructions, as in: Steel-blue of the fallen evening, bare plane-trees, wide river, frosty year!
Substantivation of adjectives of colour for stylistic purposes is also rather a frequent occurrence. A few typical examples are: And almost unconsciously he rose and moved nearer; he wanted to see the expression on her face. Her eyes met his unflinching. Heavens! How clear they were, and what a dark brown against that white skin, and that burnt-amber hair! (Galsworthy).
Transposition of adjectives into the class of appellative nouns has its own expressive value. In colloquial English this is rather a frequent occurrence. Examples are: What have you done, my little silly. Come on, my sweet. Wait a couple of minutes, lovely!" Listen, my dear.
It will be of interest to note that the meaning of substance can find its expression in occasional substantivation of other parts of speech such as, for instance, infinitives, participles, pronouns. Such uses are naturally essentially different and illustrate nothing but syntactic patterns: Here's a pretty go! Let's have a go at it! That was a great find, a quiet read after supper!
Occasional substantivation of sentence-fragments is also a syntactic matter, an effective linguistic device used for stylistic purposes. Substantivised fragments are generally modified by the article as an overt part-of-speech marker or other noun-determiners. Examples are: A cup of cocoa, a copy of the Bible and a five-bob watch to time out the days of idleness left to them. Not ever that though: I'm making it up. They're lucky to get a thank you and become hot and bothered with gratitude if they do, or only spit the smell of thank you out when it's too late to do much else about it, such as drop a nub-end on a heap of paraffin rags, or trip one of the gaffern into a manhole (Sillitoe).
References:
1. Hudson, Richard 1984. Word Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
2. Jackendoff, Ray. 1990. Semantic Structures. MIT Press.
3. Kroeger, Paul 1993. Phrase Structure and Grammatical Relations in Tagalog. Stanford University: Center for the Study of Language and Information.
