24Academic Research in Educational Sciences_Volume 4 | Issue 4 | 202
ISSN: 2181-1385 ISI: 0,967 | Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,9 | ASI: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,771 | UIF: 6,1
THE PROBLEM OF GRATITUDE SPEECH ACT IN COMMUNICATION
Rokhatoy Abidova
English Language and Literature Department, Foreign Philology Faculty, Urgench
State University rohatoy.a@urdu.uz
ABSTRACT
The expressed act of gratitude is the focus of this study. A study approach offered by pragmatic linguistics focuses on diverse speech acts, or kinds of communication actions. The manner in which appreciation is conveyed differs from culture to culture; in some, it is expressed frequently and on all occasions, while in others, people are less likely to do so. The primary way to convey thanks, according to both experts and regular people, is by thanking. Thanking is an action that can be accomplished through both verbal and physical actions.
Keywords: linguistic, pragmatics, communication, speech, act, aspect, production
INTRODUCTION
Speech interaction is one of the most attractive areas of research. The prevalence of the dialogic type of speech in the conditions of modern communication determines the relevance of studying the units of speech. In the focus of the researchers' attention were the phenomena, which previously were on the periphery of linguistic science: speech act, speech interaction, and the interaction of communicants, the features of the speech situation, the causes of communicative failures, communicative strategies and tactics of colloquial speech. The subject of this article is the speech act of gratitude, the object - its functioning in the speech activity of communicators. At the beginning of the twentieth century, issues related to the formation of speech, i.e. the reproduction of language units in the process of communication, were investigated mainly by comparing speech with language as a potential system of signs designed to store and transmit information.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the second half of the twentieth century, an activity-based view of language developed; language began to be viewed as a certain kind of interaction between the speaker and the listeners. The subject of speech activity began to be understood as a bearer of a number of
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ISSN: 2181-1385 ISI: 0,967 | Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,9 | ASI: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,771 | UIF: 6,1
specific characteristics - psychological and social. This approach to the consideration of language and speech is the basis of the theory of speech acts. The modern language abounds in formations of varying degrees of stability expressing various communicative meanings: greetings, apologies, gratitude, congratulations, and refusals. The first utterances encountered in language learning are those with the meaning of thankfulness, which shows that thankfulness is one of the main components of the concept of language. As we know, gratitude is one of the basic components of the conceptual system human beings. Gratitude expressing is a fundamental social skill across all linguistic and cultural boundaries. An expression of thankfulness can effectively increase pleasant feelings between interlocutors when done properly, but when done incorrectly, it can lead to misunderstanding or have very bad social effects.
Studies of communicative activity have expanded significantly and, in addition to the linguistic means of expression, include a range of extra-linguistic factors: linguistic competence of the participants of the speech act, their interaction in the process of communication, the environment in which this communication is carried out, the target settings of the addressee and recipient of speech, speech etiquette, individual characteristics of the use of linguistic means, etc. Therefore, at present there are no clear boundaries defining the subject of pragmatic research proper. Pragmatics refers to the full range of issues related to the personalities of the sender and recipient of speech in the process of speech production and at its declaration, with the relations between the participants in communication, with the situation in which communication is carried out, with the use of stylistic and emotional means of language.
The contribution of J. Austin, the founder of the theory of speech acts, and his followers is that the process of speaking was considered not as a combination of generally accepted symbols, built according to certain phonetic, semantic and syntactic rules and reflecting the situation in the surrounding reality, but as a product of individual word-making, determined by the personal qualities of the speaker and the goals and objectives facing him, that is, put in direct dependence on its producer -the subject of speech. [1]The personalities of the sender and the recipient of speech tied together all the many disparate aspects of the utterance, which began to focus not on the transmission of information, but on its interpretation. Pragmatics was formed as an independent direction of linguistic research, responsible for the subjective factor of the process of formation and functioning of language
units in speech.
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ISSN: 2181-1385 ISI: 0,967 | Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,9 | ASI: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,771 | UIF: 6,1
The forms of manifestation of speech communication is speech behavior of interlocutors, and the content is their speech activity, which consists of a set of speech acts. In the process of the speech act, a speech message from one or more participants of communication to another or other participants of communication is carried out. Speech act is defined, as «a statement (speech action) or a set of statements made by one speaker, taking into account the other. Since the speech act is a type of action, its analysis uses essentially the same categories that are necessary to characterize and evaluate any action: subject, goal, method, tool, means, result, conditions, success, etc. The subject of the speech act - the speaker - produces a statement, as a rule, designed for the perception of its addressee - the listener. The statement acts simultaneously as a product of the speech act, and as a tool to achieve a certain goal. Depending on the circumstances or on the conditions in which the speech act is committed, it can either achieve the set goal and thus be successful, or not achieve it. The most important features of the speech act are intentionality, purposefulness, conventionality. As the speech act is a kind of action, at its analysis by essence the same categories, which are necessary for characteristic and an estimation of any action, are used: the subject, the purpose, a way, the tool, means, result, conditions, success, etc. The subject of the speech act - the speaker - produces a statement, as a rule, designed for the perception of its addressee - the listener.
RESULTS
Gratitude is an expression of appreciation for a committed or planned action, kindness, attention, service. The propositional content of the speech act of gratitude is an already performed action of the addressee, which should be beneficial for the speaker, and the speaker should believe in it. An important condition of success in the implementation of the speech act of gratitude is the condition of sincerity, verbalizing the intuition that the addressee should thank the addressee only when he is in a certain emotional state, namely in the state of gratitude. Speech acts of gratitude show the ability to vary pragmatically, i. e. the ability to realize several illocutionary powers.
Therefore, both cultural traditions and features of the national character have a direct impact on the communicative behavior of the English and Uzbek linguistic personality. Depending on the use of different linguistic means of the same communicative situations the same speech Thus, in this regard, the acts can be implemented differently.
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ISSN: 2181-1385 ISI: 0,967 | Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,9 | ASI: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,771 | UIF: 6,1
DISCUSSION
Consequently, misunderstandings between the communicators of the three cultures under consideration, so the correctness of speech and communicative expediency can be understood in their own way. In general, in the case of the speech act of gratitude it is necessary to know better the norms of intercultural communication, in particular the category of the speech act of gratitude, in order to avoid a conflict situation. Remember - that the speech act of gratitude is done primarily to express a positive reaction and to give a positive assessment of the person's behavior or actions. Besides, in this way the addressee of gratitude tries to establish harmonious relations with the addressee, tries to create a favorable atmosphere of communication. Speech act theory is founded on the notion that language is a behavior that is subject to rules.
CONCLUSION
Acts of speech are regarded as forms of communication. The type of speech act employed relies on the attitude being expressed. Communication is the act of conveying one's attitude. Therefore, since expressive speech acts are meant to convey particular attitudes, they are communicative acts. As a result, social factors can have an impact on expressive speech acts like thanks. For instance, ethnicity may have an impact on how people express gratitude.
The relevance is also determined by the increasing importance in modern society of ritual politeness as a prescriptive form of organization of human behavior. The expressions of gratitude are included as an essential communicative component in the mentality of speakers. These expressions serve means of polite communication, a means of softening communication in conflict situations, thanks to the performance of their ritual and etiquette functions.
REFERENCES
1. Остин Дж. Л. Слово как действие // Новое в зарубежной лингвистике. Вып.16. Лингвистическая прагматика. М.: Прогресс, 1985. - С. 22-129.
2. Серль Дж.Р. Классификация иллокутивных актов // Новое в зарубежной лингвистике. Вып.17. Теория речевых актов. М.: Прогресс, 1986. - С. 170-194.
3. Формановская Н.И. Речевой этикет и культура общения. М.: Высшая школа,
1989.
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