48SIMULTANEOUS TRANSLATION INTERPRETING AS A MODERN TYPE
OF TRANSLATION
Navruz Kudratovich Daminov
Scientific Researcher of Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ABSTRACT
The article deals with various aspects of simultaneous translation, which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, and considered the youngest type of translation, which is currently becoming one of the most popular types of translation. Simultaneous translation today is represented by several varieties: actually simultaneous, whispering (whispering), translation from a sheet, simultaneous reading of a pre-translated text, as well as synchronization of video text and simultaneous-sequential translation.
Keywords: translation; oral translation; consecutive translation; Simultaneous translation; types of translation; actual simultaneous translation; whispering (whispering); translation from a sheet; simultaneous reading of a previously translated text; video text synchronization; simultaneous consecutive translation; translation history.
At present, the role of translation is constantly growing, and one of the reasons should be recognized as the processes of globalization, which are intensively taking place in the world. In its most general form, translation itself is understood, on the one hand, as the process during which the speech work of the source language (SL) is re-created in the target language (TL), and on the other hand, as the result of this process, i.e. a speech work in the target language that appeared as a result of the translation process [Rarenko, 2010, p. 115-117].
An active theoretical understanding of translation falls on the middle of the 20th century, although certain aspects of translation activity were the subject of reflection already in the ancient period, and treatises on the topic "how to translate", in which translators defended their translation principles, were often mutually exclusive. . In the twentieth century The systemic understanding of the translation process was based on the linguistic aspect, which is consistently traced in the works of both domestic and foreign researchers [Barkhudarov, 1975; Komissarov, 1973; Shiryaev, 1979; Retzker, 1950; Schweitzer, 1988; Fedorov, 1983; Catford, 1965; Nida, 1969, etc.], subsequently supplemented by others, such as linguo-psychological studies [Artemov, 1966;
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ISSN: 2181-1385 ISI: 0,967 | Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,9 | ASI: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,771 | UIF: 6,1
Belyaev, 1963; Belyaev, 1965; Winter, 1975; Lambert, 1988; Dillinger, 1994 etc.].
Two forms of translation - written and oral - are equally in demand today. It is believed that oral translation preceded written translation for the reason that the first contacts between speakers of different languages were oral.
Oral translation has a number of differences from written translation, primarily due to the form of its existence. Firstly, interpretation implies a single perception (since there are no fixed forms of texts in the outgoing and target languages)1. Secondly, interpretation, to a greater extent than written translation, is contextually determined and allows for invariance. Thirdly, interpreting is characterized by spontaneity; it is carried out without delay in time. The practical benefit of oral translation also lies in the fact that both the speaker and the listener are in an equally advantageous position, since the former formulates a thought in his native language, corrects it if necessary, and the listener perceives the message in his native language, clarifies it if necessary, which is not possible in written translation.
According to psycholinguistic studies, interpretation occurs either in two stages - analysis and synthesis, brought to automatism, or in three stages, namely: listening, perception, analysis and understanding of a linguistically significant signal; then comprehension and, finally, the creation of a new linguistic signal.
Oral translation, as is known, is represented by two main varieties -consecutive translation and simultaneous translation. In consecutive interpreting, the interpreter starts translating (or, more precisely, starts voicing the text in TL) only after the end of the speaker's speech or its fragment. If a fairly large fragment of the text is to be translated, then, as a rule, translation takes place in paragraphs, phrases, sentences. This can be recorded.
Simultaneous translation, or simultaneous translation proper, is a kind of oral translation, the distinguishing feature of which is the simultaneity of the speaker's speech and the interpretation of his speech by a simultaneous translator. As noted in the scientific literature, "the main feature of simultaneous translation is the parallel perception of the speaker's speech and the generation of speech in the target language" [Shiryaev, 1979, p. 6]. When describing simultaneous translation, they usually say that it is carried out by an interpreter at the same time, although in reality there is always a slight lag in the voicing of the translated text from the speaker's text, usually for a professional simultaneous interpreter the lag is from 2 to 10 seconds, depending on the subject the text, its complexity, the psycho-emotional state of both the speaker and the translator, etc.
The scope of simultaneous translation is, as a rule, massive international events (meetings, conferences, high-level meetings,
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sports competitions, etc.), in which a large number of participants who speak different languages take part. Events differ in duration, so the use of consecutive translation is not possible.
The implementation of simultaneous translation requires additional financial resources, since it requires the use of special equipment, as a rule, a booth with headphones and a microphone for the interpreter, headphones and language switching channels for the recipients of the translation.
The history of simultaneous translation is inextricably linked with the history of translation in general. Translation practice is one of the oldest types of human activity. It is generally accepted that the first interpreters - interpreters who helped overcome the barrier in communication between multilingual tribes and nationalities - appeared immediately after multilingual groups emerged in the history of mankind, and the need for translation arose. The oldest image of an interpreter known to date, in an ancient Egyptian bas-relief, dates back to the 3rd millennium BC. Then the task of the translator, as now, was apparently to ensure contact between people speaking different languages.
The possibility of translation from one language to another and the existence of interlanguage communication in general, more than any other theory that language reliably fulfills its primary function of communication. The reason for the difficulties observed in the translation process is not in the languages, but in the level and qualifications of the translators. In practice, there has never been a barrier between nations because of languages. If we pay attention to the objective nature of thinking, then there is a need to dwell on the existence of views on language as a barrier between thinking and existence. Although many oppose the application of this principle to language, it suggests that language itself has the ability to filter the content of knowledge in some ways through its structural structure.
Changing the initial thesis of the theory of linguistic relativity that "thought is the material of language" to the thesis that "thought is the material of different languages" cannot clearly show the essence of the matter. In both the first and the second option, thought cannot be the material of language. In this case, language should not be understood only as a tool for processing thought. However, whether thought is processed using one or more languages is a matter of language judgment.
In conclusion, it can be said that simultaneous translation will be used effectively in various fields in the future. This type of translation significantly reduces the time of international seminars and agreements.
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ISSN: 2181-1385 ISI: 0,967 | Cite-Factor: 0,89 | SIS: 1,9 | ASI: 1,3 | SJIF: 5,771 | UIF: 6,1
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