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87Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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THE PROBLEM OF COLLOQUIAL STYLE
Shakhruza Behzodova
Student of Samarkand State Institute of foreign languages
english faculty Tokhirova Sabina Student of Samarkand State Institute of foreign languages
english faculty Baratova Madina Student of Samarkand State Institute of foreign languages
english faculty Hasanova Asila Student of Samarkand State Institute of foreign languages
english faculty
Scientific superviser: Shermamatova Zaynab Azimjonovna
Teacher of Samarkand State Institute of foreign languages
In this article discussion about the problem of collequal style and given some important information about it. In the article given some advices how to solve this problem.
Keywords: collequal style, literary literacy, compression, newspaper style, publicistic style.
В этой статье обсуждается проблема коллегиального стиля и дается важная информация о нем. В статье даны некоторые советы, как решить эту проблему.
Ключевые слова: коллекционный стиль, литературная грамотность, компрессия, газетный стиль, публицистический стиль.
INTRODUCTION
The method of translating a work from one language into another is created as a result of the translator's personal approach to the traditions of literary translation, literary literacy and the prevailing literary rules and aesthetic principles of the time. It is also influenced by literary and historical traditions, linguistic and methodological background, materials and conditions. Centuries of translation practice, the rich,
ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
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colorful experience of various translation schools rooted in everyday life, have created certain methods.
They are all actively used in language, especially in the language of fiction. It should not be forgotten that the language of a work of art must also mean the language of the work being translated. The structure of the word, phrase, sentence, paragraph in the translated text, the combination of all components (affixes, affixes) in them according to the norm - this is also a style, more precisely, a methodical norms.Although the Uzbek national literary language arose from the vernacular, it differs from current dialects, jargons, everyday colloquial language, and the vernacular in general in various ways. Because the vernacular retains all of the components of the Uzbek language and is unfiltered. Literary language picks for the Uzbek nation the possibilities that are clear and simple to use, and promotes them as a standard for the nation's representatives.The use of language elements (from sounds, letters to the whole text) in accordance with the tasks associated with this or that area of human activity - this is also a style, more precisely the types of style: formal-work style, scientific or academic style, journalistic style, artistic or biblical style, conversational style.
Depending on the language material, this speech can have literary, dialectal, basic speech, or mixed appearances. With this in mind, we'll demonstrate the uniqueness of slang speech. Speech of a socially or professionally distinct group: (jargon, basic) oral vocabulary terms. In a conversational style, the lexical units for a layer with a limited scope of use vary. The fact that the circumscribed layer pertains to the territory, the profession, distinguishes it. In order to establish what opportunities exist in Uzbek colloquial, it is necessary to examine words that are peculiar to jargon, to identify words that belong to dialects, dialects, science, and professions. Today, in Uzbek linguistics, special attention is paid to scientific research on sociology. In particular, this problem is briefly covered in the works in his scientific work, G.H Rakhimov contrasts general slang with special slang and states that "... in both cases certain layers of lexicon and phraseology of spoken language are understood."
DISCUSSION AND RESULT
The problem of colloquial style.
1. Colloquial styles. The colloquial style is a peculiar subsystem of the English language. On the one hand, its major field of application is found in the spoken variety of language; on the other hand, elements of this style penetrate the written
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varieties such as the BLS, the PS and NS. When written, the colloquial style's function is to render the specificity of everyday conversation. Underlying many of its specific features are the following factors:
1) the spontaneous character of communication;
2) the private character of communication;
3) face-to-faceness.
Four tendencies may explain the peculiarities of the colloquial style:
1) prefabrication and 2) creativity, 3)compression and 4) redundancy.
1) The colloquial style has a great amount of ready-made formulae, cliches, all kinds of prefabricated patterns. Spontaneous conversation is facilitated by using stereotyped units - social phrases such as greetings (hello), thanks and responses (not at all.)
2) Creativity is also a result of spontaneous speech production. We make our conversation as we go along. We have no time to polish it deliberately, but one can do corrections, thus there are many hesitations, false starts, loose ends in grammar and syntax.
3) Compression tends to make speech more economical and laconic. It is reflected in the use of the following language phenomena:
a)Shortened forms and clipped words (nouns: fridge, lab, math; verbs: am -'m, . is-'s, are-'re, have-'ve, etc.).
b)Words of broad semantics (thing, one).
c) Ellipsis is usual in face-to-face communication as the situation (context) easily supplies the missing part (Same time, same place?).
d) Simplicity of syntax. Long sentences are seldom used in colloquial informal communication, for a simple reason that the speaker doesn't want : lose the thread of his own thought
4) Redundancy reflects another aspect of unprepared speech production. Among the elements reflecting this tendency are: a) time-fillers (you know, I say, let me tee, sort of). b) the pleonastic use of pronouns (John, he is late). c) senseless repetition of words and phrases. (Liza: I'm a good girl, I am.)
The vocabulary of the literary colloquial style comprises neutral, bookish and literary words, though exotic words and colloquialisms are no exception. It is devoid of vulgar, slangy and dialectal lexical units. Sentences are short and elliptical, with clauses connected asyndeticall.
The main function of colloquial style is providing for practical activity of people. It is used in everyday life. Its extra-linguistic features are informality, spontaneous
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character of speech, interpersonal contact and direct involvement in the process of communication. It is characterized by the use of paralinguistic means of communication (gestures, expression of the face, movements). Basic stylistic features of the style are: familiarity, ellipsis, concrete character of speech, interruption and logical inconsistency of the speech, emotiveness, efficacy. Among secondary stylistic features there are: idiomatic and pattern character of speech, "personal" type of speech presentation. There are oral and written (epistolary) varieties of CS.
There are two forms of colloquial speech: dialogue (simple dialogue and polylogue) and monologue. The basic substyles and genres of CS are : literary conversational style /talks, conversations, interviews /, familiar-conversational style /communication between family members, friends, intimate communication, children's talk /, low colloquial / quarrels, abuse, scandal, squabble, insult /.
The language peculiarities of CS are quite numerous: these are high activity of non-bookish means of the language, the use of language units of concrete meaning at all the levels, non-characteristic use of means with abstract and generalized meaning, weak syntactic connections between the parts of a syntactic structure, active use of means of verbal imagery, means of expressing subjective appraisal, emotional and expressive means at all the levels, patterned speech, specific phraseology , personal forms, nonce-words.
2. The subject of stylistics. Its connection with other disciplines. Stylistics -branch of general linguistics. It has mainly with two tasks: St-s - is regarded as a lang-ge science which deals with the results of the act of communication. There are 2 basic objects of st-s: - stylistic devices and figures of speech; - functional styles. Branches of st-s: - Lexical st-s - studies functions of direct and figurative meanings, also the way contextual meaning of a word is realized in the text. L.S. deals with various types of connotations - expressive, evaluative, emotive; neologisms, dialectal words and their behavior in the text. - Grammatical st-s - is subdivided into morphological and syntactical. Morph-l s. views stylistic potential of gram-l categories of dif-t parts of speech. Potential of the number, pronouns... - Syntactical s. studies syntactic, expressive means, word order and word combinations, dif-t types of sentences and types of syntactic connections. Also deals with origin of the text, its division on the paragraphs, dialogs, direct and indirect speech, the connection of the sentences, types of sentences. - Phonostylistics - phonetical organization of prose and poetic texts. Here are included rhythm, rhythmical structure, rhyme, alliteration, assonance and correlation of the sound form and meaning. Also studies deviation in normative pronunciation. - Functional S (s. of decoding) - deals with all subdivisions
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of the language and its possible use (newspaper, colloquial style). Its object -correlation of the message and communicative situation.
Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary. The classification of the English vocabulary is discussed for purely stylistic purposes. Some stylistic devices are based on the interplay of different stylistic aspects of words. The word-stock of any language is a system, the elements of which are interconnected, interrelated and yet independent. In accordance with the already-mentioned division of language into literary and non-literary (colloquial), we may represent the whole of the word-stock of the English language as being divided into three main layers: literary, neutral and colloquial. The literary and the colloquial layers contain a number of subgroups. The common property, which unites the different groups of words within the layer, may be called its aspect. The aspect of the literary layer is its markedly bookish character. It is this that makes this layer more or less stable. The aspect of the colloquial layer is its lively spoken character. It is this that makes it unstable, fleeting. The aspect of the neutral layer is its universal character. This layer is the most stable of all, because it is unrestricted in use, it can be employed in all styles of language and in all spheres of human activity. Neutral words form the bulk of the English vocabulary, they are used in both literary and colloquial language. Unlike these two groups, the neutral group of words does not have any special stylistic coloring, whereas both literary and colloquial words have a definite stylistic coloring. The following synonyms illustrate the relations which exist between the three layers: coll-daddy; neutral -father; literary-parent.
Publicistic style. (oratory, speeches, essays, articles) the style is a perfect ex. Of historical changeability of stylistic differentiation of discourses. In Greece it was practiced in oral form which was named P. in accordance with the name of its corresponding genre. PS is famous for its explicit pragmatic function of persuasion directed at influencing the reader & shaping his views in accordance with the argumentation of the author. We find in PS a blend of the rigorous logical reasoning, reflecting the objective state of things & a strong subjectivity reflecting the authors personal feelings and emotions towards the discussed subject. Substyles: The oratory essays, journalistic articles, radio and TV commentary. Oratory. It makes use of a great hummber of expressive means to arouse and keep the public's interest: repetition, gradation, antithesis, rhetorical questions, emotive words, elements of colloquial speech. Radio and TV commentary is less impersonal and more expressive and emotional. The essay is very subjective and the most colloquial of the all
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substyles of the publicistic style. It makes use of expressive means and tropes. The journalistic articles are impersonal.
Newspaper style. Includes informative materials: news in brief, headlines, ads, additional articles. We find here a large proportion of dates, personal names of countries, institutions, individuals. To achieve an effect of objectivity in rendering some fact or event most of info is published anonymously, without the name of newsman who supplied it, with little or no subjective modality. To understand the language peculiarities of English newspaper style it will be sufficient to analyze the following basic newspaper features:1) brief news items;2) advertisements and announcements;3) headlines; Brief items: its function is to inform the reader. It states only facts without giving comments. The vocabulary used is neutral and common literary. Specific features are: a) special political and economic terms; b) non-term political vocabulary; c) newspaper clichés; d) abbreviations; e) neologisms.
The headline is the title given to a news item or a newspaper article. The main function of the headline is to inform the reader briefly of what the news that follows is about. Sometimes headlines contain elements of appraisal, i.e. they show the reporter's or paper's attitude to the facts reported.
CONCLUSION
Phraseological units can be classified according to the degree of motivation of their meaning. This classification was suggested by acad. V.V. Vinogradov for Russian phraseological units. He pointed out three types of phraseological units:a) fusions where the degree of motivation is very low, we cannot guess the meaning of the whole from the meanings of its components, they are highly idiomatic and cannot be translated word for word into other languages, e.g. on Shank's mare - (on foot), at sixes and sevens - (in a mess) etc;b) unities where the meaning of the whole can be guessed from the meanings of its components, but it is transferred (metaphorical or metonymical), e.g. to play the first fiddle ( to be a leader in something), old salt (experienced sailor) etc;c) collocations where words are combined in their original meaning but their combinations are different in different languages, e.g. cash and carry - (self-service shop), in a big way (in great degree) etc.
REFERENCES
1. Kungurov R., Karimov S., Kurbanov T. Functional styles of Uzbek language. Samarkand: SamSU, 1984, page 7.
2. B.Orinboev. Modern Uzbek style of speech. Tashkent, 1991, p.25.
3. B.O'rinboev. Fundamentals of Uzbek speech culture. Jizzax, 2005, 34-p.
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4. Abdusaidov A. Speech skills. Samarkand, 2015, 92-p.
5. B.O'rinboev. Modern Uzbek style of speech. Tashkent, 1991, 10-p.
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