CC BY
71Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
О
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
ANALYSIS OF SYNTAX STYLISTIC METHODS AND DEVICES
Umurzakova Dilnoza Davranbekovna
Senior teacher of the Foreign languages department, Academic lyceum of Uzbek State World Languages University.
ABSTRACT
This article analyses syntactic stylistic methods, gives examples of them and shows that stylistic syntactic devices can be studied as a general syntactic type of language. The norm also applies to the use of phonetic, morphological, syntactic, stylistic rules of speech in different historical periods of development of a particular language. The article include discussions about inversion, indivisible structures, parallel devices, repetition, ellipse, gradation and others.
Keywords: syntactic and stylistic devices, gradation, ellipsis, inversion, parallelism.
В данной статье анализируются синтаксические стилистические приемы, приводятся их примеры и показывается, что стилистические синтаксические приемы можно изучать как общий синтаксический тип языка. Норма также распространяется на использование фонетических, морфологических, синтаксических, стилистических правил речи в разные исторические периоды развития того или иного языка. В статье обсуждаются инверсия, неделимые структуры, параллельные приемы, повторение, эллипс, градация и другие.
Ключевые слова: синтаксические и стилистические приемы, градация, эллипсис, инверсия, параллелизм.
INTRODUCTION
Specific applications in the construction of speech, means that serve to express emotions which create certain forms of speech are called syntactic stylistic devices. Using these tools, special expressions are created that are radically different from neutral syntactic units. We will consider the relation of this "special" to the simple "neutral" below. To understand the nature of syntactic stylistic devices, it is necessary to understand the norm of syntactic language. The syntactic stylistic method is considered not a mistake of deviating from existing morphological, syntactic and stylistic rules, but a manifestation of one's own personal judgment.
Stylistic syntactic constructions can be studied as a general syntactic type of a language. The norm is the application of phonetic, morphological, syntactic, stylistic rules of speech in different historical periods of development of a particular language.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
O
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
If any changes in the syntactic structure do not affect the content, the changes can be regarded as a kind of norm, therefore, based on the above considerations, we can draw the following conclusions:
1. The constituent elements define the existing content.
2. The constituent elements have independent meanings, which are called grammatical and structural meanings.
3. Structural meanings can affect lexical and textual meanings.
It can be seen from the foregoing that types of speech play an important role in the formation of thinking. It is well known that the English language has a strict word order: possessive + participle + complement and so on. This change in word order leads to a change in the meaning of the sentence.
A student learning English should be aware of the additional message in this sentence: - Away fly the sentences... - Affection was what she craved.
In the first sentence, as a result of a change in the order of words appeared a lyrical, romantic feeling.
The second sentence creates an additional message to the word "affection" by changing the order of words. In other words, the mood of the person who spoke these words is expressed. Let's compare it with the traditional neutral statement: The sentences fly away. What she craved was affection.
The second sentence can be interpreted as follows: the sentence, which is the main character of the work, can be interpreted as follows: the woman, who is the main character of the work, has everything, but she needs "love, affection, attention". If the sentence matches the traditional word order the stylistic expression will disappear. Due to the fact that the main semantic parts of the sentence are at the beginning and end of the sentence, the emphasis is formed. Speaking of syntax, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of tone in the organization of speech. In writing, authors use linguistic and non-linguistic paralinguistic tools to express the tone of thought. The means of syntactic stylistic influence are by their very nature close to the features of oral speech. The excitement of the speaker can also be an important factor in the development of sensitivity. In such cases, he omitted parts of the proposal. As a result, an ellipse is used, sometimes the same word is repeated. You can change the order of words in a sentence without changing the main content of the idea expressed by the speaker. Sometimes the tuner lists and describes the causes and consequences of the event for someone using counting and gradation. Rhetorical interrogative sentences, conflicting words, etc. are often used in oral speech.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
o
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
As a result of changes in the structure of such proposals, additional meaning appears. Another syntactic stylistic method is polysynthetic. Several compounds are also widely used as visual aids. All this create emphasis, emotionality and sensitivity in oral speech. However, all these means of syntactic influence are generalized, combined, perform a certain function and take the form of a stylistic environment, mainly in the style of prose. Thus, all syntactic tools can be divided into 3 groups:
1. Syntactic stylistic techniques based on the characteristics of the oral form of speech.
2. Syntactic stylistic devices based on the use of unions.
3. Syntactic stylistic techniques based on the interaction of structural values. The first group includes inversion, indivisible structures, parallel devices, chiasm, repetition, ellipse, counting, gradation, and antithesis .
I. Syntactic stylistic techniques based on the characteristics of the oral form of speech. Stylistic inversion i.e. sentences that have become a picture for modern English are often not a syntactic stylistic tool, according to the author sometimes you can change the position of words in sentences. As a result, this syntactic device expresses emphasis and takes on a good mood. It is known that the main task of the appeal is to add additional information to the information in the proposal. The syntax of the artistic style is characterized by a wide range of reverse (subjective) order in word order. Inversion does not violate the norms of the literary language, is a practical expression of the capabilities of the language and is subject to certain rules for using the language. The stylistic inversion in English is manifested in the following structures:
1. when the placeholder comes at the beginning of the sentence;
2. the identifier arrives after detection;
3. the arrival of horse-riding in front of the owner. If the horse is standing in front of the boat, and both in front of the owner;
4. precedes possessive in a sentence;
5. if the cut comes in front of the owner;
6. addition comes at the beginning of the sentence;
7. in the following compound sentences, stress is formed at the beginning of the next sentence.
The following inversions are common in the journalism method: when the reduction comes first in the sentence: - Says Cambridge University's Martin Rees "Einstein is the only scientist who has become a cult figure..." - Explains University
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
o
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
of Texas Physical John Wheeler. . Verbs "speak" and "explain" appear at the beginning of the sentence. This is not at all typical of English grammar. Any change in the order of words in a sentence also changes the syntactic relations in it and affects the content of the sentence. However, the following sentences use semantic inversion rather than syntactic inversion: - When a man wants to kill a tiger, he calls it sport, when a tiger wants to kill a man it is ferocity. Sometimes changes in syntactic relations affect to the grammatical meaning: "Had I known it?"
As a result of the change in the order of words, an interrogative sentence appeared (inversion in grammar). Inversion types can be found in many poetic works. For example: - Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very heavy [4]. Another type of syntactic change is the appearance of expressive content in a sentence. In modern English, inversion is a logical part of speech. In some cases, inversion is used to indicate speed, agility, performance. Separated structures are formed by separating the secondary parts of speech. This separation is indicated by an accent or a comma. From a grammatical point of view, the secondary parts of speech are associated with the main part.
Thus, there is a conflict between the structural meaning of the sentence and the general content. Under the influence of these devices, the secondary parts of speech are separated from the main parts in terms of ordinary syntactic relationships. According to professor I.R.Galperin such structures combine written and oral forms of speech. Separated structures are close to inversion and destroy permanent connections in the sentence, highlighting individual parts of speech.
Concurrency is especially common in folk songs and epics: - Work while you work, Play while you play, That's the way To be happy and gay! Repetition is a stylistic tool used to express excitement. Emotional speech is characterized by brevity, logic and repetition of certain parts of the expressed thought. The repetition of certain words and whole phrases in spoken language is certain: she cried out loudly: "Where is my child? But where is my child? I want to know where my child is? In this example, repetition does not fulfill any stylistic function and expresses only a certain mental state of the speaker. Repetition is used as a stylistic tool to attract the attention of the reader. Repetition is divided into the following types in accordance with the structure of other stylistic means:
1. The repetition at the beginning of the verse is called anaphora. For example: -For want of a nail, the shoe was lost, For want of a shoe, the horse was lost, For want of a horse the rider was lost, For want of the rider, the battle was lost .
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
o
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
2. Repetitions at the end of a sentence are called epiphora . - When I go into a bank I get rattled. The clerks rattle me. The wickets rattle me, the sight of money rattles me everything rattles me.
3. Duplicate units can appear at the beginning and end of a part, forming a unique circle. This repetition is called ring repetition: - Our hands have met, but not our hearts; Our hands will never meet again. Friends, if we have ever been Friends we cannot now remain: I only know I loved you once, I only know I loved in vain. Our hands have met, but not our hearts; Our hands will never meet again...
4. Another form of repetition is a word that occurs at the end of the first verse and is repeated at the beginning of the second verse: - To Jan it was as though a curtain had been raised in her mind- a curtain from which she recoiled in horror.
5. System repeats are also available: - But two minutes later the sun vanished behind flying cloudy continents, a relative darkness descended on the summer afternoon, and rain too descended-descended in such soaking overwhelming quantities that...
6. There is a type of repetition called root repetition. Its essence is that in it the word is repeated exactly, but the additional part in one of them is not repeated: - The child smiled the smile and laughed the laughter of contentment...; In the usual order of things he should have lost consciousness at this point, but that mercy denied him, and he was forced to endure the unendurable . Again, thanks to its stylistic function, it is close to a pun. In this method, the same word is not repeated, only the root of the word is repeated, so we come across different words that have different meanings.
7. The next type of repetition is a synonym for repetition. The essence of synonymous repetition is that synonymous means are used to express exactly one concept: - The poetry of earth is never dead, the poetry of earth is ceasing never . There is no need to use objective synonyms here. Concepts can also be brought together as a result of a figurative comparison of events. In this case, the words have a textual meaning. Double synonyms can also give various forms of synonymous repetition. The synonym repeats, expands, details the main content of the idea in the expression of a single, unique meaning. Synonymous repetition in the speaker's speech serves to increase and convince the power of speech, to detail it in artistic speech. While speaking about synonymous repetition, it is necessary to mention the problem of pleonasm. In pleonasm, not only the same word or means is repeated, but also the same content, meaning.
This seems an exaggeration; it does not add any value to the recognized opinion. Pleonasm is a speech impediment. Pleonasms are synonymous with repetition, which
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
о
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
are not based on artistic and aesthetic considerations. However, the phenomenon of pleonasm is practically absent in the language, especially in the Uzbek language. One of the simple tasks of repetition is to influence sometimes expressing a sequence of actions. This task is performed using rhythm. Another function of repetition is to enhance the meaning of a sentence. Repetition of words is a great power in speech. The background is that sometimes repeating units are different from non-repeating units in a sentence. Phraseological unity is formed from the constant repetition of certain compounds. Ellipsis is an omission of a portion of speech in literary writing.
CONCLUSION
The term ellipsis refers to an incomplete sentence. The ellipse is based on important aspects of speaking. When the speaker is in a state of intense excitement, some parts of the sentence are skipped spontaneously; however, this does not violate the logical connection, which means that any omission in the sentence is not considered a stylistic method. An ellipse is a common form of colloquial speech, but when used in writing it includes new features. An ellipse as a stylistic method adds an extra function to an expression in addition to merging and generalizing. When counting is used as a stylistic tool, the sentence uses things, actions and adjectives. Sometimes these things or actions are similar or close to each other, one in a pair of the other. This method is widely used mainly in the artistic style and serves to express speech.
In gradation each specific phrase in a sentence becomes stronger and more effective than its predecessor (in terms of efficiency and logic). Such a definition is subjective because we do not have a linguistic definition to compare it. Synonyms are often used in gradations. The reuse of these synonyms helps to discern the effect. In short, syntactic stylistic devices include inversion, indivisible structures, parallel devices, chiasm, repetition, ellipse, accent, counting, gradation, antithesis, and each of them performs a specific function.
REFERENCES
1. Qizi, A. K. Н. (2021). IMPROVING LITERACY SKILLS THROUGH LEARNING READING. Наука и образование сегодня, (4 (63)), 85-86.
2. Ibragimova, S. (2020). Study of phrasal verbs in innovative activity of English teachers. Архив научных исследований, (18).
3. Akramxodjaeva, D., Nasretdinova, M., & Abdullayeva, M. (2020). Translation of national events and concepts in fiction. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(2), 2984-2986
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
о
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
4. Abdujabborova Kamola Husniddin Qizi. "IMPROVING LITERACY SKILLS THROUGH LEARNING READING" Наука и образование сегодня, no. 4 (63), 2021, pp. 85-86.
5. Абдуллаева Мархдбо Рахмонкуловна. (2021). Инглиз тилидан узбек тилига таржима жараёни ва унинг мохияти хусусида. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISCOURSE ON INNOVATION, INTEGRATION AND EDUCATION, 2(2), 297306. Retrieved from https: //summusj ournals. uz/index.php/ij diie/article/view/641
6. Ibragimova, S. (2020). Study of phrasal verbs in innovative activity of English teachers. Архив научных исследований, 1(18). извлечено от https: //tsue.scienceweb .uz/index.php/archive/article/view/2177
7. SevaraBaxodirovna, I., Sharipjanovna, R., BarnoAliyevna, T. (2021). Development Of Lexical Competence In Students Of Higher Educational Institutions. Int. J. of Aquatic Science, 12(3), 2938-2943.
8. Markhabo Raxmonkulovna Abdullayeva. "GROUPING OF OPPOSITE OPTIONS OF VERBAL PHRASEMAS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE (EXAMPLE OF TRANSLATIONS OF AGATHA CHRISTIE'S WORKS)" Scientific progress, vol. 3, no. 2, 2022, pp. 190-193.
9. Sevara Baxodirovna, I., Sharipjanovna, R., BarnoAliyevna, T. (2021). 'Development Of Lexical Competence In Students Of Higher Educational Institutions', Int. J. of Aquatic Science, 12(3), pp. 2938-2943.
10. Ibragimova Sevara Bakhodirovna (2020). 'Use of New Pedagogical Technologies in Foreign Language Lessons', IJAPR, ISSN: 2643-9123 Vol. 4 Issue 12, December - 2020, Pages: 38-39.
11. АБДУЛЛАЕВА, МАРХАБО РАХМОНКУЛОВНА. "НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОЛОРИТ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОМ ПЕРЕВОДЕ (УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ)." Проблемы и перспективы развития России: Молодежный взгляд в будущее.
12. Ibragimova, S. (2020). National chracteristics and translation problems of the peoples of the world. Архив научных исследований, 1(24). извлечено от https: //tsue.scienceweb .uz/index.php/archive/article/view/2823
13. 13.Akramxodjaeva, D., Nasretdinova, M., & Abdullayeva, M. (2020). Translation of national events and concepts in fiction. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(2), 2984-2986.
14. Абдуллаева Мархабо Рахмонкуловна, (2020). 'ИНСОНИЯТНИНГ УЗАРО МУНОСАБАТИДАГИ МИЛЛИЙ КОЛОРИТНИ ИФОДАЛОВЧИ ФЕЪЛЛИ ФРАЗЕМАЛАР (Агата кристи асарлари талкинида )' "МАРКАЗИЙ ОСИЁДА
2018.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
о
R
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИЯ ВА ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЯ: АНЪАНАЛАР ВА ^ОЗИРГИ ЗАМОН ИЛМИИ МАКТАБЛАРИ" республика илмий-амалий конференцияси илмий туплами, 153-158.
15. Marhabo Raxmonkulovna Abdullayeva, (2020). 'Insonning tabiatga munosabatidagi milliy koloritni ifodalovchi felli frazemalar (Agata Kristi asarlari tarjimalari talqinida)' ISSN 2181-0842, 509-513.
