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THE PREVALENCE OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS IN CHILDREN OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN Umurzakova D.1, Tolipova G.2, Urazaliyeva I.3 (Republic of Uzbekistan) РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ ЙОДОДЕФИЦИТНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН Умурзакова Д. А.1, Толипова Г. К.2, Уразалиева И. Р.3 (Республика Узбекистан)
'Умурзакова Дилором Абдумуминовна / Umurzakova Dilorom — магистр;
2Толипова Гулхаё Комилжон кизи / Tolipova Gulhayo — магистр;
3Уразалиева Ильмира Равкатовна / Urazalieva Ilmira — ассистент, Школа общественного здравоохранения, Ташкентская медицинская академия, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: increasing prevalence of endocrine diseases in children and adolescents in recent years mainly due to the increase in the frequency of thyroid disease. According to WHO experts, iodine deficiency - the most common cause of mental retardation. Prevention of iodine deficiency disorders at the present stage is the priority of such authoritative international organizations such as WHO, UNICEF, the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders. In the structure of endocrine diseases in children 0-'4 years old in 20'4, the 'st place was occupied by diffuse goiter I degree, 2nd - obesity, 3rd - diffuse goiter II-III degree. Аннотация: повышение показателей распространенности эндокринной патологии у детей и подростков за последние годы обусловлено в основном ростом частоты патологии щитовидной железы. Согласно заключению экспертов ВОЗ, недостаточность йода - наиболее распространенная причина умственной отсталости. Предотвращение йододефицитных заболеваний на современном этапе является приоритетным направлением деятельности таких авторитетных международных организаций, как ВОЗ, ЮНИСЕФ, Международного совета по контролю за йододефицитными заболеваниями. В структуре эндокринных заболеваний у детей 0-14 лет в 2014 г. 1-е место занимал диффузный зоб I степени, 2-е - ожирение, 3-е - диффузный зоб II-III степени.
Keywords: endocrine pathology, children, diffuse goiter, iodized salt.
Ключевые слова: эндокринная патология, дети, диффузный зоб, йодированная соль.
According to the approved ICD-10 in 1999, the prevalence of the endocrine system diseases became 3.5 times higher compared with the previous data, and diseases of the endocrine system took third place (6.9%) in the total burden of disease. It is necessary to take into account the fact that with the approval in 1999 of ICD-10 data in statistical reporting to the class of diseases of the endocrine system was introduced diffuse goiter I -degree. In the structure of the endocrine system diseases in 2002, the first place is precisely this pathology. In the structure of endocrine diseases in children 0-14 years old in 2014 1st place occupied diffuse goiter I degree, 2nd - obesity, 3rd - diffuse goiter II-III degree. It is known that iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which is not possible without the normal growth and development of the human organism, especially the formation of the brain during fetal and early postnatal period. Even a moderate decrease thyroid hormone levels in the blood due to insufficient iodine intake, can lead to irreversible damage [1, p. 57-58].
The total morbidity of endocrine pathology in children won the 3rd place in adolescents - 4th. Increasing prevalence of endocrine diseases in children and adolescents in recent years mainly due to the increase in the frequency of thyroid disease. The main reason for the formation of diffuse non-toxic (euthyroid) goiter iodine deficiency is considered to be in the environment. This is the reason for the reduction in thyroid function, the formation of nodal forms of goiter, increased incidence of congenital hypothyroidism [1, p. 610].
In Uzbekistan, the epidemiological studies on the prevalence of IDD in all regions of the country were carried out in 1998, including in Ferghana region. A total of 14 regions surveyed more than 36 368 people. In Fergana region - 3392 people: children - 1869, adults - 1523. In 2004 - total 4115, adults - 2010 children - 2105. The selection of the test persons was carried out in accordance with WHO recommendations by random sampling in 1998 and 2004. In each region were selected northern, southern, eastern and western areas [1, p. 57-58].
The results showed that the prevalence of diffuse goiter I degree was 63%, diffuse goiter II degree - 8%. Total frequency craw I and II degree has reached 71%. In 1998, the share of non-iodized salt consumed was 91.7%, and only 8.3% of edible salt contained 0,1-42 mkg/ g of iodine. As you can see, almost all the population consume non-iodized salt. The degree of severity of IDD was assessed as extremely high. In 2004, again carried out epidemiological studies to monitor the IDD. In the Ferghana region in all surveyed 4115
persons: adults - 2010, children - 2105. The prevalence of endemic goitre among children was 63%. In 2010, the IDD monitoring showed that the prevalence of EZ in the Fergana region amounted to 39.9%, indicating that the dynamic decrease in comparison with 1998 and 2004., Although the severity of dD is heavy.
Due to the measures taken by the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Ministry of Health - to welcome guests for the production of iodized salt, the State Program and the Law "On prevention of iodine (2005-2009.) Deficiency diseases" (04.05.2007) with technical support from UNICEF and the serious and enterprises efforts of the salt industry, which received assistance from UNICEF for the reconstruction of equipment for the salt concentration with iodine and its quality control, iodized salt quality of production increased over the past 13 years. However, it only covers half of the country's demand for iodized salt. In accordance with WHO guidelines for the complete elimination of iodine deficiency iodization requires at least 90% of salt. Conclusions
Thus, identified two prevention directions endocrine diseases in children and adolescents: at the level of the state social policy (elimination of the socio-economic causes of the deterioration of the quality of life and health, increasing health potential of the entire population, and first of all - children and adolescents) and medical level -early diagnosis endokrinopaty and improve the quality of medical care for children and adolescents with endocrine disorders by providing screening diagnosis of endocrine diseases that cause disability, constant improvement of training pediatricians from Pediatric Endocrinology, adolescent therapists, as well as medical students, the formation of the younger generation of the proper relationship to their own health.
References
1. Kiyaev A., Savelyev L., Fadeyev V., Tsvirenko S. Reference ranges for thyroid-stimulating hormone and prevalence thyroid disorders at adolescents in mild iodine-deficiencies region // Hormones, 2008. Vol. 7 (1). P. 57-58.
2. Ismailov S. I., Nugmanova L. B., Rasulov S. F., Ibragimov T. K. Iodine deficiency in Uzbekistan and ways of their elimination // Bulletin of the general practitioner, 2001. № 2 (18). P. 6-10.
PATHOGENETIC BASIS OF THERAPY OF NEURODEGENERATING
DISEASES WITH DEMENTIA Romanenkova Yu.1, Kyzymko M.2, Kuzminova T.3 (Russian Federation) ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ВЫБОРА ТЕРАПИИ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ НЕЙРОДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ, СОПРОВОЖДАЮЩИХСЯ ДЕМЕНЦИЕЙ Романенкова Ю. С.1, Кызымко М. И.2, Кузьминова Т. И.3 (Российская Федерация)
'Романенкова Юлия Сергеевна / Romanenkova Yuliya — студент;
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