CC BY
5
UDC: 796.922 DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-4-45-49
The peculiarities of sports training organization among 15-16-year-old racing
skiers
Aleksey G. Batalov*, Sergey E. Nikonov, Marina E. Burdina
Russian University of Sport "SCOLIPE" Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-0497-3160, alex-batalov@yandex.ru* ORCID: 0000-0002-4789-5505, marina-burdina@yandex.ru
Abstract: The main objectives of the research were in effective parameters of sport load determination using special-preparatory orientation means in a yearly cycle of 15-16-year-old racing skiers. Materials. The research was carried out during sport seasons 2020/21 and 2021/22 among the racing skiers of the 1st sport category (20 people). They are included into the national team of the Vladimir region. Research methods. The received results were analyzed in terms of the existing normative documents (the Federal Standard of Sports Training (FSST)), model programs [4] and a generalized model of general volume of cyclic load dynamics in training sports reserve in cross-country skiing [5]. We also analyzed the main relief parameters of the training and competitive routes and the dynamics of the experimental group participants competitive effectiveness during the studied period, mathematical statistics methods were also used. Results. The research results showed that in cross training we see less volume of the load fulfillment in reference to model program and the generalized model. In other means of training the participants of the experimental group fulfilled greater volume of the load: in skiroller training for 862 km and 728 km, in ski training - for 233 km and 74 km. General volume of cyclic load was 5200 km. It is 900 km more than relatively approximate program and 400 km more than relatively generalized model. The authors consider that the increased volume of skiroller training, mainly realized in "home" conditions of the Vladimir region on plain-hilly (d=about 5m/km) and cross country routs (d=6-14m/km), decreases the training effect. We also underline unjustified volume decrease in cross and cross with skating steps imitation on the slopes. Cross running and imitation exercises on the slopes help to model physiological tension of an athlete's organism, adequate to competitive activity and in this condition become an effective means of specialized training. The effectiveness of training the respondents from the experimental group is proved by their competitive effectiveness improvement in races during the Ivanovo Region Championship during the following periods of sports seasons: 2020/21 and 2021/22. In classical style racing relative result increase was 5,88%, in skating style racing - 10,44%, general competitive effectiveness increased for 8,9%. It is mentioned that two athletes from the experimental group fulfilled the control normative Candidate Master of Sports. It is necessary in order to transfer on the stage of sportsmanship improvement. Conclusion. Further quality of sports training improvement is conditioned by natural dynamics of general volume of cyclic load increase and the balanced ratio of special-preparatory orientation training means. The relief of the training routs, adequate to the oncoming competitive activity, is considered as an important factor in the effectiveness of sports training increase.
Keywords: cross-country skiing, sports reserve training, means of specialized training, general volume of cyclic load, parameters of routs relief, competitive effectiveness.
For citation: Aleksey G. Batalov*, Sergey E. Nikonov, Marina E. Burdina. The peculiarities of sports
training organization among 15-16-year-old racing skiers. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport.
2022; 17(4): 41-44. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2022-17-4-45-49.
Introduction
The base of sports training among racing skiers forms methodically substantiated demand for great volume of work fulfillment using general and special training means. The Federal standard of sports training (FSST) in cross-country skiing [6] conditions gradual dynamics of sports load volume
increase at all stages of training starting from 312 hours of yearly load at the initial stage till 1664 hours at the stage of higher sportsmanship. However, the volume of sports load using the main cyclic means in cross-country skiing FSST is not on allocation. A rational distribution of the load volume using the main cyclic means in a long-term training of racing
skiers is a demanded condition for maximal aerobic abilities formation and racing skiers' basic quality development - endurance [4, 5]. Training skiers at the stage of sports specialization during the period of transfer to the stage of sportsmanship improvement conditions the success of all long-term training and the preconditions creation for achieving the level of reserve youth and then national teams. The questions of sports training optimization among 15-16 year-old skiers are still urgent and demand additional study in terms of FSST normative demands (recommendations) introduction in cross-country skiing. In this connection the main objectives of the present research work are in effective parameters of sports load determination in a yearly microcycle of training 15-16-year-old racing skiers.
Materials and methods
The research was carried out during sport seasons 2020/21 and 2021/22 among 15-16-year-old racing skiers (20 boys). They are included into the team of the Vladimir region. The aim of the pedagogical experiment was in defining effective parameters of sports load of special-preparatory orientation in a macrocycle of training 15-16-year-old racing skiers. The received results were analyzed in terms of the existing normative documents (the Federal Standard of Sports Training (FSST)), model programs [4] and a generalized model of general volume of cyclic load dynamics in training sports reserve in cross-country skiing [5]. We also analyzed general dynamics of experimental group respondents competitive effectiveness during the studied period according to the methodology of sports-technical result of the race point estimation ("Table of equivalent results in cross-country skiing", A.G. Batalov and others, 2009) [1]. Moreover, we estimated the main parameters of the training and competitive routs relief according to the following main indices:
maximal rise (MR), sum of height discontinuity (SHD), rout difficulties (d)- integral index of relief, which reflects the average altitude of the rise at each km of the distance (m/ikm). Statistical analysis of the received results was held with the help of "Data analysis MS EXCEL" program.
Results and discussion
By the present time normative recommendations of FSST, IASC (Integrated All-Russian Sport Classification) [3] and the range of model sport training programs for sport schools for children and teen-agers (SSCT), specialized sport schools for children and teen-agers of the Olympic reserve (SSSCTOR) and the Olympic reserve colleges (ORC) [4] fulfill the functions of general model of sports reserve long-term training in cross-country skiing. During the model realization in modern practice of racing skiers training very often we see different deviations from the normative demands in training sports reserve. At the same time we see excessive fulfillment of cyclic load volume, as well as its insufficient fulfillment, ungrounded training process intensification, the training events organization on the relief. It doesn't correspond with specific demands of skiing routs of the official important competitions calendar. It should be clear that methodical mistakes during the training process organization at the stages of sports training, can lead to sport results slowing-down, to adaptive reserve of an organism exhaustion, to organism immunity systems weakening, often diseases and increased traumatism.
The parameters comparison of special-preparatory orientation load volume in a yearly cycle of training 15-16-year-old racing skiers relative to the existing scientific-methodical recommendations showed the definite range of differences (table 1).
Table 1
Comparative characteristic of the special-preparatory orientation load volume parameters in a yearly cycle of training 15-16 year-old racing skiers relative to the existing scientific-methodical recommendations (Model program of sport training for SSCT, SSSCTOR and ORC, V.P. Kvashuk, N.N. Klenin, 2009 and generalized model of a long-term dynamics of VCL, T.I. Ramenskaya, A.G. Batalov, 2015)
Model of maciccyclc OcfeCM HOrpyiKH, KM
Cross, mdudjnj> with jmiialjon SkimUoH Ski Total
hic|Knmental jti-j -J J-Lj l ycle ÎVHU22 124« 202& 52CW
Model program 1443 lLftf L&9L 4300
General model 165» 1300 LH50 4800
A -wml +JUS2.-72K +233.-74 440W4Û0
Only in cross training we see lesser volume for 195 km related to the model program and for 402 km related to generalized model. In other means of training the respondents from the experimental group fulfilled greater volume of the load: in Skirollers for 862 km and for 728 km, in ski - for 233 km and 74 km. General volume of cyclic load was 5200 km. It is 900 km more than model program and 400km more than generalized model. We should underline considerable volume increase in terms of normative values in Skirollers training. The increased volume of Skirollers training, mainly realized in "home" conditions of the Vladimir region on plain-hilly (d=about
Characteristics of competitive routs relief parameters district), All-Russian competitions (
5m/km) and weakly-crossed routs (d=6-14m/km), decreases the training effect because of the technique structure (increased free rolling phase) specificity, especially using speed skirollers and the absence of additional weight. It is formed at expanded and sharp rises. It should be also noted that unjustified volume decrease in cross and cross with skating steps imitation on the rises. Cross running and imitation exercises on the slopes help to model physiological tension of an athlete's organism, an adequate competitive activity and in this connection are an effective ways of specialized training (table 2).
Table 2
in important starts of sport season (CFD (central federal AC), Championship of Russia (CR))
Category of competition Roule, km HD, m MR, m SHD.m d, m/lkm
Cbair^onshi p of CFD, ( Yaroslavl> 3,3 42 41 113
AC for Merited Marfcr of Sports 5ima±hev pn;w (Zainsk) 63 46 152
Championship of Russja (Syktyvkar) 4,9 IS 31 146
In the examined sports season we organized 3 preparatory orientation (table 3).
exit educational-training events (ETE) of special-
Table 3
Characteristic of the work volume, fulfilled in terms of ETE on skirollers routs
Hase offcTfc month Amount of days Rout, km hi), m MR. m SUD, m d. ju L km
,■\1a]JIlJOvLa,' ihe Arkhangelsk kepoa July 15 6,4 54,y -14,3 L¥3,2 3(1,2
Et. Snmztamia Syktyvkar August 15 5.7 35 31 152
"Malmovka" (he Arkhangelsk Region November 2l 6,4 54,y -14,3 Lï3,2 3(1,2
The amount of training days in terms of ETE was in total 17% out of general amount in the examined macrocycle. It proves insufficient part of ETE in the preparatory period and critically small volume of work, fulfilled in terms of cross and strongly crossed relief of the rout. It model outer and inner sides of the competitive activity. The training routs formation is considered as an important stage of an effective sports load norming. It is adequate to forthcoming competitive activity [2, 7].
The effectiveness of training the respondents of the experimental group is conditioned by their competitive effectiveness improvement in races at the Ivanovo Region championship during sport seasons 2020/21 and 2021/22. The method of the
dependent (connected) samplings comparison helped to make the conclusion concerning statistically significant differences between the mean values of competitive effectiveness indices before and after the experiment: in classical style races the result increase was 5,88% (t-statistics 6,3949 > t-critical 2,0930), in skating style races the result increase was 10,44% (t-statistics -9,6048 > t-critical - 2,0930), general competitive effectiveness increased for 8,9% (t-statistics - 8,199 3> t-critical - 2,0930). It should be mentioned that two athletes from the experimental group fulfilled the control normative Candidate Master of Sports. It is necessary in order to transfer on the stage of sportsmanship improvement.
Conclusion
Further quality of sports training improvement is conditioned by natural dynamics of general volume of cyclic load increase and the balanced ratio of training means of special-preparatory orientation.
The relief of the training routs, adequate to the oncoming competitive activity, is considered as an important factor in the effectiveness of sports training increase.
References
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Submitted: 07.11.2022 Author's information:
Aleksey G. Batalov - Candidate of Pedagogics, Professor, Russian University of sport "SCOLIPE", 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyi blvd., House 4, e-mail: alex-batalov@yandex.ru Sergey E. Nikonov - Undergraduate, Russian University of sport "SCOLIPE", 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyi blvd., House 4, e-mail: snikonow@mail.ru
Marina E. Burdina - Candidate of Pedagogics, Associate Professor, Russian University of sport "SCOLIPE", 105122, Russia, Moscow, Sirenevyi blvd., House 4, e-mail: marina-burdina@yandex.ru
