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123THE NOTION OF LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY Abdug'affarova G.A.
Abdug'affarova Gulkhayo Abdug'affar qizi - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AS INTEGRATED COURSE № 1, UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: what should be understood about the notion of linguistic personality? What does "linguistic personality" stand for when analyzed in the literary text? In the XX century, the attention of scholars moved from structural linguistics to anthropocentric linguistics. Anthropocentric approach of linguistics includes the human being into the focus of its research. From this position, the linguistic personality appeared to be in the center of anthropocentric linguistics. According to some scholars, there is no concrete and full definition of the term linguistic personality as it is a complicated notion. Keywords: linguistics, notion, personality, anthropocentric, definition.
In linguistics, the linguistic personality is the human as the carrier of language, characterized by a set of his traits. By traits, the complex of psychological features of individual is understood which enable the speaker to produce and perceive speech. Scientists present various interpretations to the notion of linguistic personality and discuss the structure and properties of linguistic personality from different angles. The origin of this term was firstly presented by V.V.Vinogradov in his book. He investigated two aspects of literary linguistic texts: the author's personality and personage's personality. According to V. I. Karasik, linguistic personality is always national and a part of particular linguocultural society with inherent consciousness and national stereotypes which that linguistic personality applies in the process of socialization [5]. One of the most authoritative definitions of the notion of linguistic personality was presented by Russian linguist, Yu. N. Karaulov in his book "Russan language and linguistic personality" [4]. He expresses linguistic personality as "being fixed primarily in semantic semantic system basic national and cultural prototype of the bearer of a particular natural language that makes up timeless and invariant part of the structure of linguistic personality" [5]. He enlisted three levels in the structural model of linguistic personality. They are as follows:
1. Verbal-semantic level
2. Cognitive level
3. Pragmatic level.
In verbal-semantic level, words and their meanings are studied. Yu. N. Karaulov believes that personality cannot be seen without sensible connection of words, their combinations and lexical semantic relationships [4]. The unit of this level is word as the component of verbal chain. In addition, the level represents structural and systematic connection of language in the parameters of systematic function of language related to decide communicative tasks.
At cognitive level, concepts are studied. The level is also called as the "first" one. It represents the linguistic world image and is outlined as the linguo-cognitive level. The units of this level are thoughts, ideas, catchphrases and concepts that each linguistic personality carries about world picture.
D. U. Ashurova defines the concept of linguistic personality in the literary text as "a correlate of the person's spiritual features, his communicative abilities, knowledge, aesthetic and cultural values". In fictional texts, linguistic personality is offered in two forms: the author's image and the personage's image [1].
It is expedient to mention that linguistic personality of literary text has its own peculiarities. There are two types of linguistic personality of fictional text:
1) The author and the reader
2) Personage and the personage
It should be stressed that one of the ways of revealing linguistic personality is literary dialogue. Literary dialogues used in the texts are characterized by polyfunctional structure. They can express different stylistic, pragmatic and cognitive functions. One of the main functions of literary dialogue is to characterize the linguistic personality, in other words, to fulfill the function of speech characteristics. Linguistic personality is defined as a correlate of the person's spiritual features, his communicative abilities, knowledge, aesthetic and cultural values [2]. The structure of linguistic personality consists of the following levels: semantic-stylistic, linguapragmatic, linguacognitive and linguocultural [3]. Semantic-stylistic level symbolizes the characters' inner psychological state, their emotions and feelings. The next level, linguopragmatic, outlines the traits of characters like age, gender, educational level, social status and others. The next level is linguacognitive and it represents the personage's individual world picture, mentality, opinions and evaluation. And the last linguocultural level characterizes the cultural background of the linguistic personality. Let us analyze the following dialogue, which is taken from Bernard Shaw's "Augustus does his bit" as the article of the researcher is associated with the pragmalinguistc characteristics of the literary dialogue. The dialogue is as follows:
THE CLERK. Are you engaged? [His manner is strangely softened.] AUGUSTUS. What business is that of yours? However, if you will take the trouble to read the society papers for this week, you will see that I am engaged to the Honorable Lucy Popham, youngest daughter of
THE CLERK. That ain 't what I mean. Can you see a female? A UGUSTUS. Of course I can see a female as easily as a male. Do you suppose I'm blind?
THE CLERK. You don't seem to follow me, somehow. There's a female downstairs: what you might call a lady. She wants to know can you see her if I let her up.
A UGUSTUS. Oh, you mean am I disengaged. Tell the lady I have just received news of the greatest importance which will occupy my entire attention for the rest of the day, and that she must write for an appointment.
S From stylistic point of view, this dialogue is highly emotional, humorous and ironical. Here, the ironical effect is achieved by the use of the "pun". Pun is a play on words that produces a humorous effect by using a word that suggests two or more meanings. In the dialogue, pun is expressed by the following words: engaged andsee, which can be both understood in two meanings. According to the definition of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, the word engaged has the following meanings: a) adjective that describes people who have committed to getting married, ex: Kate is engaged to Mark; b) being busy or involved with something, ex: She rang MrsTavett, but the line was engaged. The word see also has two meanings: a) to notice or examine someone or something, using the eyes, ex: You can see the Houses of Parliament from here; b) to receive, ex: I can not see that patient now, because I am leaving.
S From the pragmatic point of view, the dialogue characterizes the linguistic personality of the person, namely Augustus. In the analyzed dialogue, Augustus is characterized from the point of view of his educational level and psychological state. It is indicated that Augustus is a very stupid man. His stupidity is emphasized by the fact that he is not able to understand the real meaning of the phrases "Are you engaged?" and "Can you see?".Besides, being the head of the military office, Augustus, instead of his work, thinks about different issues, that is not connected with his business things. The reason why he doesnot understand the clerk's question is the fact that he was thinking about his future marriage.
In conclusion, it is expedient to stress that literary dialogue is a complex phenomenon, which expresses not only the information about the events, but also it is aimed to characterize the linguistic personality from different angles: semantic, stylistic, pragmatic, cognitive and linguocultural. The phenomenon of linguistic personality is rather complex and ambiguous to explain. There are a lot of researchers who distinguish various units an levels when defining the
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term of linguistic personality. However, the most appropriate one might be the definition presented by Ashurova as it is the combination of individual's all traits which are his spiritual features, communicative abilities, knowledge and others.
References
1. Ashurova D.U., Galiyeva M.R. Text Linguistics-T.:Turon-Iqbol, 2016. P. 250.
2. Ashurova D. U., Galiyeva M.R. Stylistics of literary text. T.: Turon-Iqbol, 2016. P. 91.
3. Normurodova N.Z. Khudozhestvennyy diskurs i yazykovaya lichnost' v svete aktual'nykh lingvisticheskikh napravleniy: paradigmy znaniya, osnovnyye printsipy i tendentsii razvitiya. Vestnik vgu. Seriya: lingvistika i mezhkul'turnaya kommunikatsiya, 2015. № 2.
4. Karaulov Yu.N., 2004. Russian Language and Linguistic Personality. Moscow: Editorial URSS. Pp: 245 (in Russian).
5. Karasik V. YAzykovoy krug: lichnost', kontsepty, diskurs. M.: Gnozis, 2004.
