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0УДК 33 Yayylova O., Ismankulov K., Dowletgeldiyev Y.
Yayylova O.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Ismankulov K.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Dowletgeldiyev Y.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
THE MAIN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMIC INDIRECT REGULATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Аннотация: this article briefly discusses the economic indirect regulation of business operations. It also discusses the components of Indirect Government Regulation and the most effective way to indirectly regulate Businesses.
Ключевые слова: economics, management, business economics, finance, financial account, assets, intangible assets, competitiveness.
Indirect state regulation includes the following components: - budget tax system, - customs restrictions, - monetary policy, - regulation by the state.
The most effective way to indirectly regulate business activities is through tax regulation. The tax system fulfills three main functions: - attracts financial resources necessary for the state to perform its functions, - redistributes national income depending on social and political priorities in order to ensure social justice, protect
the interests of low-income citizens and stability in society, - promotes the solution of urgent problems of the society by stimulating the priority areas of work.
In the world experience, the main methods of tax regulation of enterprises include: - change of the general rate of taxation, - tax benefits for investments, -special tax incentives of various types that stimulate business activity in certain sectors or regions or strengthen the interests of enterprises in certain activities.
Certain trends are characteristic of the taxation system in the modern world economy. First, it is a change in the amount of taxes levied on the profits of businesses, depending on the state of the economy.
Profit tax incentives for start-up companies are valuable in encouraging the development of manufacturing abroad. In order to encourage companies to finance their scientific programs, which do not pay off the invested capital in the short term and require periodic funding, many countries introduce special tax incentives - tax credits, which allow companies to cover their R&D (research and development) costs over the past period. allows a portion of the excess amount to be deducted from income tax (corporate tax, capital gains tax) or other tax on income.
One form of tax regulation of business activity is the regulation of consumption behavior, which is usually used to accelerate scientific and technological development (STD) in this or other sectors and regions. Under the conditions of the STD, production equipment wears out quickly, and there is a legitimate tendency to increase the amount of usable capacity and reduce the period for which the usable capacity is obtained. Of course, in such conditions, the asset of the balance sheet has an important place in the utilization rate, and for the renewal of production tools, the policy of accelerated utilization rate is of particular importance, which allows to write off the value of fixed assets in shorter periods and at higher rates of utilization rate, and the capital of the enterprise increases investment potential.
The essence of the Accelerated Capitalization Policy is to allow capitalization transfers to be written off in amounts that are significantly higher than the actual depreciation of the fixed asset, which is a unique tax subsidy given to businesses -
capitalization transfers are included in the cost of the product and returned to the owner after it is realized. Due to the increase in the intrinsic value of the product (if the price of the product does not change), the amount of taxable profit and, accordingly, the taxes paid by the enterprise decrease.
An increase in leverage and a corresponding reduction in leverage lead to a faster pace of capital accumulation, giving businesses ample opportunity to recapitalize while reducing their capital gains tax burden.
The regulatory functions of each type of tax are determined by the possibilities of granting benefits and applying tax measures. Currently, tax incentives operating in the country can be divided into several groups. Benefits in the first group refer to benefits spent on investments, benefits in the second group refer to benefits used to support social work, and benefits in the third group can be received by specific types of payers.
The first group includes benefits that create conditions for increasing capital investment. Profits of enterprises aimed at financing productive and non-productive capital investments, as well as paying off bank loans intended for those purposes, are exempt from taxation. This benefit is granted to enterprises developing their production and non-production facilities, provided that they have fully utilized their capacity for investment purposes. The last condition is related to the requirement that, first of all, the enterprise must collect its own resources, and secondly, it must apply to the state for assistance in the form of tax credits for making investments.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Law of Turkmenistan "On State Support of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs". - Ashgabat, 2009;
2. Law of Turkmenistan "On Enterprises". - Ashgabat, 2000
