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9CENTRAL ASIAN ACADEMIC JOURNAL ISSN: 2181-2489
OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 6 I 2022
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=4.63) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=22230
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE EMERGENCE OF BUTTERFLIES FROM COCOONS
Ro'zibek Jo'raqul Ra'no Jumayevna o'g'li Normatov Choriyeva
Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative
Tashkent State Agrarian University
Nilufar Bahodir qizi Odilova
Guloyim Bahodir qizi
Abdurahmonova
Students majoring in silk and mulberry
ABSTRACT
There are certain requirements for the establishment of a mulberry silkworm breeding enterprise. The location of the seed enterprise should be topographical in such a way as to ensure the planned operation of the enterprise, ie the seed farm should be located in the mountainous, foothills and lower 3 different zones, as well as The difference in the weather ensures that the developmental stages of mulberry leaves are different, the cocoons are in sequence, which in many respects is one of the main conditions for improving the quantity and quality of the product produced in the seed plant.
Keywords: cocoon, mulberry, mushroom, environment, confusion, party, god, gender.
Seed enterprises produce seeds only from cocoons grown in the breeding area, but the feeding of breeding worms in such breeding areas is carried out in the homes of farm workers. This means that there are at least 1,500 breeding worm farms in each such district, which makes worm management difficult.
The diversity of ecological conditions in the breeding area, the different structure and physiological characteristics of the cocoons, as well as the lack of accurate information about the disease of the cocoon during the feeding period, the large number of small cocoon groups in the breeding area. have to take.
Currently, a lot of attention is paid to silkworm breeding, and a number of decrees and resolutions are being signed in the country.
PD-2856 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 29, 2017 "On the organization of the activities of the Uzbekpaksanoat Association", dated July 31, 2019 "On the development of deep processing in the silk industry" PD-4411 "On additional measures" and PD-4411 of January 17, 2020 "On additional measures to develop the silkworm feed base in the silkworm industry" 4567 and Resolution of the
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Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 11, 2017 No 616 "On the program of measures for the integrated development of the silk industry in 20172021" and other regulations related to silkworm breeding the research of this dissertation will serve to a certain extent in the implementation of the given tasks.
There are two main criteria for establishing breeding areas for seed enterprises:
1. Select an area for feeding industrial worms with good climatic conditions and temperate climate for silkworm growth;
2. Breeding areas should be carefully studied by seed enterprises and allow for better organization of future industrial silkworm rearing.
The choice of breeding area should be taken very seriously, as it is not selected for one year but for many years, even for the entire period of existence of the seed enterprise.
It is important to organize the distribution of seeds to breeding farms, to feed the breeding worms and to ensure that the breeding cocoons arrive at the seed enterprise in accordance with the plan, because for quality and loss-free seed production, ensuring that it is done correctly depends on it.
Only elite seeds prepared by breeding stations or scientific organizations can be fed on breeding plots.
The agronomists of the seed enterprises organize and maintain the incubator on the breeding plots. Seeds of no more than 100 boxes in a single incubator and only one breed or one-sided hybrid hybrid should be planned.
Seeds of two breeds (or two hybrids) can be planned in one incubator, as a rule, if absolutely necessary, but at this time each breed (or hybrid) must be revived separately.
For the simultaneous emergence of hybrids and hybrid butterflies in the preparation of hybrid seeds and the scheduled arrival of cocoons in the seed plant, the following must be observed: incubation of seeds, taking into account the length of development of hybrids and hybrids distribution of worms in approximately the same sections every 1-2 days or the total length of distribution of worms in the same zone should not exceed 6-9 days.
Therefore, in order to avoid possible organizational errors, it is necessary to try two or three options for the placement of industrial worms. Tests can be carried out in the target areas under the supervision of seed specialists, industrial silkworms reared there, or live worms from industrial seeds.
The experiments were carried out in 2021-2022 at the Termez Institute of Agrotechnology and Innovative Development, Department of Zooengineering, Veterinary and Silk and HUASHEN SILK WORM PRO, an Uzbek-Chinese joint venture for silkworm breeding in Angor district.
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In studying the problems arising from the goals and objectives of the observation, we studied the Japanese and Chinese mulberry silkworms in two groups in order to obtain seeds adapted to the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, and based on the form given in Table 1, the experience of scientific production 'tkazdik.
According to the form and method of observation, in the technological conditions of the enterprise, the revival of seeds of different breeds during the larval stage of growth and development, the accumulation of nutrients for the period of malnutrition, mulberry leaf feeding, cocoon wrapping, the emergence of butterflies from cocoons and, most importantly, indicators of economic efficiency of seeds obtained from them when mixed were studied.
1-Table
Form of experiment (scheme)
Group Butterflies n Indicators and period to be studied
Breed Gender Percentage of seed revival Days of larval feeding Disease resistance
I China Mingyu Female 100 98% 21 day 95 %
II Japanese Baiyu Female 100 99% 21 day 90 %
I did research at the seed farm for 2 breeds. In doing so, I conducted observations of 100 thousand Chinese Mingyu female breeds and Japanese Baiyu female breeds.
The first observations began with the resuscitation of mulberry silkworms in the incubator. We know that there are two ways to revive mulberry silkworms, natural and artificial, and we put them into an incubator to revive the seeds using artificial methods. The main purpose of incubation is to control the simultaneous emergence of seeds. The incubator should be easy to control temperature and humidity.
On days 1-2-3-4 of the incubator the temperature is 22.5 C humidity 70-75% and on the 5th day the humidity is 25.5 C 80% and from that day the incubator is lighted for 18 hours a day. The temperature, humidity and light do not change until the 9th day, but on the 10th day the room is darkened for 24 hours and the links and worms are checked for readiness. After that, the seeds come to life, the resurrected seeds must be given finely chopped leaves and transplanted in strict accordance with all agronomic techniques, otherwise the development of the seeds will be adversely affected by various diseases. I have observed that it causes.
As a result of observations, I observed larvae revived in the incubator in 98% of Chinese Mingyu males and 99% of Japanese Baiyu females.
The process of feeding the revived larvae lasted 21 days. I put it in a table.
CENTRAL ASIAN ACADEMIC JOURNAL ISSN: 2181-2489
OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 6 I 2022
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF 2022=4.63) Passport: http://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=2223Q
2-table
Age of the Worm Dates Total: Leaf eating day Sleep days
1 young 2,7 day 1,8 kun
2 young 2,6 day 1,6 day 1
3 young 3,8 day 2,3 day 1
4 young 3,7 kun 2,7 day 1,5
5 young 4,7 day 7,5 day The cocoon is wrapped
Agrotechnics for feeding 1-year-old worms: The revived 1-year-old silkworm is given a very small amount of slaked lime and a leaf 1.5 times the size of the worm and expanded to 30x20 cm 3 times a day.
3-table
In the morning Lunch Dinner
O'clock 7:00 14:00 20:00
20 minutes before leafing in the morning and evening, the salafans on the worms are opened and sprinkled with lime, and the salafans are closed after the leaves are given. It was observed that the worms would remain small on the floor if care was not taken to ensure that the worms landed evenly on all parts of the box.
At 1 year of age 1 box worm eats 2.5-3 kg of leaves. Temperature 27 C Humidity 83-85% Another advantage is that at the age of 1 year, one leaf is picked from one branch after the growth point. Before going to sleep, the silkworm is sprinkled with lime and the salafans are opened.
2nd age agrotechnics: temperature 26.5-27 C humidity 78-80%. At the age of 2, it eats 4.2-4.5 kg of leaves, which is the shortest age and is fed 5 times. The use of salafan does not change. Lime spraying is also timely, but after eating the leaves for 29 hours, the lime is sprayed using lime nets. Sleep time is 20-24 hours at this time the temperature should be 26 C humidity 25 C and at this age the [boxes] of the boxes are replaced, which I have observed to ensure that the worms change in the same environment.
Agrotechnics for feeding 3-year-olds: The temperature should be 25.5-26 C AUGUST psychrometer 1.5 C lower. 3 years old On the 1st day, it is necessary to give najir, that is, young leaves, salafan cover, lime sprinkling does not change, it is pruned only 2 times. 1 box worm eats 33-35 kg of leaves, leaf eating time 54 hours, sleep time 24 hours.
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Agrotechnics for feeding 4-year-olds: Temperature 25 C Humidity is 77-79% The time of leafing does not change. and sprinkling times are sprinkled. The leaves do not straighten and form triangles only during sleep, because the leaves are picked from the middle of the twig to easily pass through the digestive system. The sleep time is 36 hours, the temperature during sleep is 23 C and humidity is 75%.
5-year-old feeding agrotechnics: Temperature 24 C Humidity should be 73-75%. began.
It is better to prevent than to cure. Prior to the start of the worm-feeding season, incubators, worms and all used elements [items] were disinfected with 1% chlorine or 0.4% formalin, and the floor of the worms was sprayed with quicklime. Lime must be fresh and stone lime. Incubator with 0.4% farmalin and 1% of walls and items, special shoes and handles 0.3%. disinfected in chlorine. Disinfection was carried out on special clothing and items.
Observations show that I was amazed by the cohesiveness, cleanliness, and diligence of the staff, from the time the seeds were taken from the refrigerator to the time they were put back in the refrigerator in the fall.
1. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 31, 2019 No PD-4411 " About additional measures for the development of deep processing in the silk industry."
2. Axmedov N.A, Murodov.S "Silkworm biology" Tashkent "Teacher" publishing house 1995 year.
3. Axmedov N.A, Navruzov.S. "Silkworm breeding" "Cho'lpon" - Tashkent.
4. Axmedov N.A, Yakubov.A.B, Daniyarov.U.T "Silkworm selection" "Cho'lpon". Tashkent, 2014 year.
5. https://scienceweb.uz/researcher/1239/
6. https://repo.iournalnx.com/index.php/nx/article/view/2746
7. https://caiotas.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJOTAS/article/view/536
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