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49INFLUENCE OF REARING SILK WORMS WITH HIGH PRODUCTIVE MULBERRY LEAVES ON THE BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF SILK GLAND AND RAW SILK EFFECTIVENESS
Nigora Sadritdinovna Sokhibova Mokhinur Ibrokhimjan kizi Nazirova
Tashken t State Agrarian Un iversity Solieva Madina Botirovna
Andijan branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Uzbekistan
According to the obtained results of the analysis, in comparative difference of scientific date on weakening of silk gland activity, formation of daily growth dynamics, biological indicators and silk fluid in the result of dramatic changes of environmental factors, positive influence of increasing weight of silk worm at the age of 5 by 14,50-14,70mg, which size 14,41-14,62 cm3 compared to the first day was determined on the development of biological and productive indicators and silk gland when reared with mulberry leaves. At the same time produced cocoon productivity and technological feature of silk raw material was observed in the high rate and achieved high economical effectiveness.
Key words: silkworm, temperature, humidity, rearing worm, silk gland, biological indicators, mulberry leaf, high productivity , nutritious, bundle, reeling cocoon, live cocoon, productivity, technological indicators.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ШЕЛКОВЫХ ЧЕРВЕЙ С ВЫСОКОПРОДУКТИВНЫМИ ЛИСТЬЯМИ ШЕЛКОВИЦЫ НА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ШЕЛКОВОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ
СЫРОГО ШЕЛКА
Сохибовой Нигора Садритдиновна НазировойМохинур Иброхимжон кизи
Ташкентский аграрнийуниверситет Солиева Мадина Батировна
Андижанский филиал Ташкентского Государственного аграрного университета
Анализ результатов, полученных в этой статье, сравнивает тутовых гусеницс 1-дневной массой 14,50-14,70 мг в отличие от научных данных, таких как замедление активности тутового шелкопряда в результате острых изменений факторов окружающей среды, динамики суточного роста, биологических показателей и образования шелкоотделительной жидкости, и увеличился на 14,41 -14,62 см3, положительно влияя на биологическую продуктивность и развитие шелкопряда при уходе за листьями шелковицы. В то же время может быть достигнут высокий выход коконов и высокие технологические свойства шелкового сырья и достигнута экономическая эффективность.
Ключевые слова: шелкопряд, температура, влажность, червяк, шелковая железа, биологические показатели, лист шелковицы, высокая продуктивность, питательность, пучок, кокон наматывания, живой кокон, продуктивность, технологические показатели.
IPAK QURTLARINI YUQORI MAHSULDOR TUT BARGLARI BILAN BOQISH IPAK BEZINING BIOLOGIK KO'RSATKICHLARI VA IPAKNING QURTINING SAMARADORLIGI
Ushbu maqolada olingan natijalarning tahlili, ilmiy ma'lumotlardan farqli o'laroq, ekologik omillarning keskin o'zgarishi, kunlik o'sish dinamikasi, biologik ko'rsatkichlar va ipak qurti faolligining pasayishi kabi ilmiy ma'lumotlardan farqli o'laroq, 1 kunlik og'irligi 14,50-14,70 mg bo'lgan tut tirtillarini taqqoslaydi. ipak suyuqligining shakllanishi va 14,41-14,62 sm3 ga ko'payishi, tut barglariga g'amxo'rlik qilishda biologik mahsuldorlikka va ipak qurti rivojlanishiga ijobiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Shu bilan birga, pilla yuqori hosilga va ipak xom ashyosining yuqori texnologik xususiyatlariga erishish va iqtisodiy samaraga erishish mumkin.
Kalit so'zlar: ipak qurti, harorat, namlik, parvarish qiluvchi qurt, ipak bezi, biologik ko'rsatkichlar, tut barglari, yuqori mahsuldorlik, to'yimli, bog'lash, pilla hosil qilish, tirik pilla, mahsuldorlik, texnologik ko'rsatkichlar.
DOI: 10.24411/2181- 0761/2020-10030
A number of decrees and resolutions have been set by the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the sustainable development of the agricultural sector and improving the efficiency of gross domestic production.
In order to develop completely of silk worm breeding branch in agricultural sector and according to the decree of the president of the republic of Uzbekistan №4881 dated March 29, 2017 "On measures for further development of silk worm breeding enterprises of the Republic" and PD 2856 "On measure for organization of Uzbekipaksanoat association activity , a number of tasks were set for intensive development of nutrition base of sericulture in the republic, rearing the silk improving continuously cocoon producing procedure, implementing effective methods for production of cocoon raw silk, silk fiber and deeply processing them, putting into practice the production of silk ready products on the basis of establishing unique and complete structural technological system which can provide upgrading export potential as well as increasing rural employment and living profit.
With the purpose of further development of the sector enterprises to increase intellectual potential, the Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 12, 2018 № PD -3472 "About measures for further development of the silk industry o f the republic" have been set important tasks such as establishment of a special silkworm nursery and intensive mulberry fields for the production of competitive silk worm seeds, and in order to train of qualified personnel to organize special correspondence course for the sericulture sector from the 2018-2019 academic year.
Positively sort out of these tasks it is important to create of new high-yielding breeds and hybrids of silk worm, application of advanced innovative technologies dur ing worm breeding season.
Based on the above, establishment of high quality cocoons in the country was required as well as reaching their quality to the requirements of the world market.
For this purpose, it is demanded to follow the agro technical rules for the formation of silk liquid in the silkworm breeding to improve the quality of cocoons and silk.
In this case the quality of the silk that being produced will be high.
The silk gland is the main and largest body of worms and its activity develops rapidly at the age of five, when the worms enter the large area.
Because silkworms absorb 750 kilograms of 1,000 kilograms of mulberry leaves in this age range, and the formation of silk material takes place at that age.
That is why it is important to rear large wider silkworms and feeding them on with high-yielding mulberry leaves.
At the same time, if there is a break at the time of providing with leaves, the synthesis of silk fluid will slow down.
The reeled cocoon will be small and little in terms of quality of silk as well as silk gland functions weaken and the quality lows if the silk worm is not fed sufficiently on mulberry leaves at the fifth age and the temperature is not in the norm (24 -270C) in the silk worm nursery and relative humidity is not 65-75%.
As a result, the cocoon productivity and technological parameters of the cocoon decrease.[3] It is also proved that there is a link between the activity of the silk gland and the productivity of silk, and positively effects use it in the creation of new breeds and hybrids of silkworm production.
The amount and proportion of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and other nutrients needed in mulberry leaves and the impact of mulberry leaves on the growth, development and productivity of worms depends not only on mulberry varieties, but also on the methods of mulberry leaf cutting and even the type of mulberry tree[4]
K.R.Rakhmonberdiev, M.Khibbimov based on their many years research, conclude that mulberry leaf yield, their nutrients are determined by the scheme of planting mulberry as well as cutting of branches.
Materials and methods. At present time, the cocoon productivity of the worms fed on one box leaf of intensive type of mulberry, which was planted in the 0.9x0.9m intensive
scheme, weighed 78 kg , while in the 2.5x0.5m scheme the indication was 70kg, it was 74 kg in the 3.0x3.5m scheme [5].
Especially in the production of live industrial cocoons with high productivity and technological indicators, the second pair of salivary glands has changed in terms of the origin of the silkworm, which is the main organ of silkworms
It is a double-tube shaped organ, almost transparent, with a very bright amber(light yellow), sometimes greenish
The gland is located on both sides of the cavity of the worm and slightly below the midline of the intestine.
Each side of the gland begins with a silk extraction section, followed by a fluid bubble, which is followed by a fluid tract from the fluid bubble to the silk separating tube at the lower lip of the oral apparatus. [1,2]
Silk gland begins its activity from the time the worms hatch the egg, as the larva grows, it also changes in size and increases with age and weight.
These indices of the silk gland synthesize the basic amount of silk fluid, which increases dramatically and becomes active at the age of five(table 1).
In our experiments mulberry silkworms should be fed under the same conditions, such as air temperature, humidity, nutrition and light.
When the worms reached the age of five, 10 worms were selected from each breed, silk was removed from the body and the weight and size were determined.
Table -1
Increasing rates of silk worm growth at the 5th age
The days of the 5th age of the worm Silk gland
weight, mg volume, cm3
Ipakchi-1 breed Foreign hybrids Ipakchi-1 breed Foreign hybrids
1st day 100 102 0,102 0,104
2nd day 220 230 0,200 0,210
3rd day 430 452 0,360 0,400
4th day 500 550 0,630 0,670
5th day 730 735 0,970 1,010
6th day 810 845 1,135 1,180
7th day 1040 1080 1,220 1,260
Before reeling cocoon 1450 1500 1,470 1,520
The date of the table 1 shows that the weight and size of the silk gland at the age of 5 th increase day by day.
In particular, the weight of the silk gland on the first day of the fifth year was 100 -102 mg, the volume was 0.102-0.104 cm3 ,on the third day it weighed 430-452mg, the volume was 0.360-0,400 cm3,on the fifth day weighed 730-365mg and 0.970-1,010 cm3and in the end before reeling the cocoon it weighed 1450-1500mg and the volume was 1,470-1,520 cm3 and it was reported that the weight increased to 1350-1400mg and 1, 368-1,416 cm3 compared to the first day.
According to another analysis, the indicators of the silk gland are the highest before reeling cocoon (filled with silk fluid), which is 14.5-14.7 times larger than the first day of the fifth age and 14.4-14.6 times larger.
As mentioned above, the silk gland grows during 5 th age after eating each leaf.
This is due to the fact that the worms are growing day by day, and that the worms are grown with nutritious leaves at the age of five.
Table 2 below shows how much weight and size of silk gland increases within 7 -8 days of the 5th age compared to the first day.
Table 2
Increasing (more than once) the rate of silk gland at the age of 5 th compared
to the first day
Indicators of silk gland Days of the 5 th age
2 nd day 3rd day 4th day 5th day 6th day 7th day Before reeling silk
И пакчи-1 зотида
weight 2,20 4,30 5,10 7,30 8,10 10,40 14,50
volume 1,96 3,53 6,18 9,51 11,13 11,96 14,41
In foreign hybrids
weight 2,30 4,40 5,40 7,50 8,20 10,60 14,70
volume 2,02 3,85 6,44 9,71 11,35 12,12 14,62
Therefore, the fifth age is determined as the most rapidly developing stage. Compared to the first day of the fifth age, silk weight increased by 2.20 -2.20 times, the volume 1.96-2.02 times on the second day, on the third day by 4.30-4.40, the size 3,53-4.40, on the fourth day by 5.10-5.40, volume 6.18-6.44, on the fifth day by 7.30-7.50, volume 9.519.71, on the sixth day by 8.10-8.20, volume 11,13-11.35, on the seventh day by 10.40-10.60, volume 11.96-12.12 and the weight before moving up the bundle increased by 14.50 -14.70 while the volume by 14.41-14.62.
Conclusion. In conclusion, the biological indicators and cocoon productiveness and silk gland formation influence positively when the silk worm is reared with productive mulberry leaves.
Also, cocoon and silk raw material which produced will be high and gained economical efficacy will be profitable.
REFERENCES:
1. Bekkamov Ch.I. (2012) The influence of nutrition and temperature on the silk gland function candidate for dissertation. Tashkent.
2. Abdurasulov Sh, Jumanova U., Bekkamov Ch. (2010) Ипак куртига ёшлари буйича берилган барг ва унинг ейилиши. Tashkent.
3. Ahmedov N.A. (1998) Influence of the contrast temperature and humidity on the silk worm reviving. Ipak.-Tashkent.
4. Ahmedov N.A . (1999) Nutrition time of mulberry silkworm. Tashkent.
5. №1. Ахмедов Н.А. Digestion time of mulberry leaf in the body of silkworm.
6. Ahmedov N.A. (1999) Effective ways of increasing productivity -nutrition of the silkworm with productive mulberry leaves"Ipak".
