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Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific Journal) #2(18), 2017 stst™ 59
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
Naurizova Aysultan
Karakalpak Research Institute of Humanitaries Karakalpak Branch of rhe Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Republic of Karakalpakstan, city of Nukus
THE IMPORTANCE OF LINGUISTIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ETIQUETTE WORDS IN THE
KARAKALPAK LANGUAGE
Annotation: The article deals with the importance of linguistic investigations of the etiquette words according to their usage in different situations. As etiquette words are linked with people, its national notions and view of the world; the Karakalpak language is also rich with etiquette words which depict nation, its national psychology and specific feature of Karakalpak language, based on nation's social morality norms. The given work describes the problems of analyzing and investigating linguistic units and national peculiarities, features of interpreting etiquette words in Karakalpak language.
Key words: etiquette, linguo-culture, language, speech culture, oratory, interjections, national psychology, etiquette norms.
Etiquette is a set of rules for behaving in social situations which are connected with other spheres except language. Therefore, it may be investigated by philosophers, ethno-historians, psychologists and teachers, also representatives of other professions. The problem of the etiquette of word or verbalization of the etiquette is connected with one aspect of the linguistic as linguo-culture. So, there some set expressions in Karakalpak like "assalawma aleykum, -ualeykum assalam" (good morning, - good morning), "kharma, - bar bolin" (how are you doing, - thanks), "aman saw barsan ba, saw boli'n!" (how do you do, -fine!) etc. according to their usage in different situations transformed into etiquette words. In this article we are going to investigate lexico-semantic features of Karakalpak etiquette words.
Substantially, etiquette words are closely linked with some of the linguistic aspects like language, speech culture, and oratory. There are many investigations on speech culture in many Turkic languages like Uzbek, Kazak, but not so many in the Karakalpak language. For example, in Uzbek linguistics Z.Akbarova [1], Kh.Doniyorov [3], S.Muminov [8], Sh.Iskanderova [4] were working on problems of literary language, etiquette words in active speech of Uzbek people, and Kh.Rakhmetullaeva [9] was comparing the forms of etiquette words in Uzbek and Russian. This problem in the Kazak language was investigated by M.Balaqaev [2], R.Sizdiqova [10], S.Tulekova [11], K.Qajgalieva [5], A.Koblanova [6] and found in many other researches of the Kazak linguistics.
From Russian linguistics we would like to mention V.V.Vinogradov, V.V.Babaytseva, L.Y.Maksimov, B.M.Golovin, V.D.Bondaletov, Y.D.Ymitriev, N.I.Formanonskaya and others who worked on this field and published many scientific works about the language etiquette. And from this list we are especially underlining the work of N.I.Formanonskaya who divided Russian Language etiquette into thematic groups in her investigation, as 13 groups: addressing, introducing, greeting congratu-
lating, requesting, apologizing, wishing, encouraging etc. To identify these thematic groups, many literary texts, written documents, spoken language materials were analysed and determined formula of linguistic etiquette of speaking which is especially just for the Russian language.
As in other languages, in Karakalpak the etiquette words have its place, usage spheres and specific features. Especially etiquette words are linked with people, its national notions and view of the world. So that, in some scientific work from grammatical features of etiquette words in Karakalpak they are investigated in the interjection part, and from semantic features they have the following forms [7] :
1. Emotional interjections;
2. Imperative interjections;
3. Etiquette interjections.
For the etiquette interjections group it was included words with the meanings of greeting, leave-taking, encouraging, congratulating, wishing, replying, condolence and etc.
The Karakalpak language is also rich with etiquette words which depicting nation, its national psychology, and specific feature of Karakalpak culture.
Each person during the whole day of his life uses etiquette words or does some etiquette norms in different kind of situations.
Particularly we have to say about etiquette norms in communications, especially connections between addressee and addressor will serve for keeping politeness, developing the degree of national etiquette style, esthetic and spiritual culture. Speaker during the conversation shouldn't talk too politely and use too many compliments for his listener.
The listener should stand criticizing and sometimes at the end of critics can say or use the following words and word combinations: a'lbette (sure), ol so'zin'iz duri's (you are right), biz buni' moyi'nlaymi'z (we agree with you), jaqsi' aytti'n' (well said), duri's aytti'n' (you said right), jaqsi' piker ayttin' (you said a good idea), duri's yadi'ma saldi'n (you have reminded timely).
у
60 Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific JournaI)# 2(18), 2017 ИЗЯ
Otherwise, you want to give an opposite idea, try to use the followings: degen menen (anyway), bizin pikirimizshe (in our opinion), qalay degen de (by my mind). If the speaker before starting to utter his ideas uses these word combinations, it will be very good according to the norms of the etiquette.
Etiquette words of the Karakalpak language are based on nation's social morality norms.
Etiquette words are one of the highest top of speaking in a civilized manner, expressing ideas and communication. So that, the most significant problem is analyzing and investigating these kind of linguistic units which are appropriated just to the Karakalpak language, and national peculiarities, features of interpreting etiquette words.
References
1. Akbarova Z.A. Forms of Uzbek communication and its linguistic analyses. Tashkent. 2007.
2. Balaqaev M. Culture of Kazak language. Almati. 1971.
3. Doniyorov Kh., Yuldashov B. Literary language and style. Tashkent. 1988.
4. Iskanderova Sh. Communication forms of Uzbek speech norms. Samarkand, 1994.
5. Kaj galieva K.Sh. National-cultural specification of speech in Kazak. Almati. 1992.
6. Koblanova A. Etiquette words of the Kazak language. Almati. 1993.
7. Modern Karakalpak grammar. Nukus. 1994.
8. Muminov S. Social-linguistic features of Uzbek communication norms. Tashkent. 2000.
9. Rakhmetullaev B.Kh. Etiquette norms of addressing in modern Russian (in comparison Uzbek). Tashkent. 1992.
10. Sizdiqova R. Words speaking. Almati. 1980.
11. Tulekova S. Phraseological units with the meaning kindness and hostility in the Kazak language. Almati. 1975.
Стынгач Ольга Вячеславовна
аспирант
Одесский национальный университет имени И. И. Мечникова
Styngach O. V. postgraduate
1.1. Mechnikov Odessa National University
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ЖЕСТОВЫХ УДАРЕНИЙ И ПРОСОДИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ В РЕЧИ БРИТАНСКИХ ПАРЛАМЕНТАРИЕВ INTERACTION PECULIARITIES OF GESTURAL STRESSES AND PROSODIC MEANS IN THE SPEECH OF BRITISH PARLIAMENTARIANS
Аннотация: Статья посвящена исследованию взаимодействия жестовых ударений и просодических средств в монологической речи членов Палаты общин Великобритании. Учитывая тот факт, что современный парламентский дискурс воспринимается аудиторией (массовым адресатом) посредством одновременного декодирования информации, полученной по аудитивному и визуальному коммуникативным каналам, влияние речежестового взаимодействия на эффективность устной публичной парламентской речи трудно переоценить.
Проведенный аудиторский анализ позволил не только выделить функции жестовых ударений, но и изучить их корреляцию с просодическими параметрами речи парламентариев. Согласно полученным результатам, жестовые ударения, взаимодействуя с просодическими средствами, участвуют в синтагматическом членении речевого потока, выполняют функцию выделения коммуникативного (логического) центра, усиливают ритмическую структуру высказывания. Проведенное исследование также выявило корреляцию между интенсификацией жестовых характеристик (амплитуда, сила, скорость воспроизведения жестов) и просодических параметров (мелодика, громкость, темп) парламентской речи, нацеленной на реализацию функции воздействия на адресата.
Ключевые слова: жестовые ударения, просодические средства, речежестовое взаимодействие, корреляция, жестовые характеристики.
Summary: The aim of the article is to investigate the interaction between gestural stresses (batons) and prosodic means in the monologue speech of the House of Commons members. Taking into account the fact that modern parliamentary discourse is perceived by the auditory (mass addressee) by means of simultaneous decoding of information received through the auditive and visual communicative channels, the impact of speech-gesture interaction on the effectiveness of oral public parliamentary speech cannot be overestimated.
The conducted auditory analysis allowed not only to reveal the functions of gestural stresses, but also to study their correlation with the parliamentary speech prosodic characteristics. According to the results received, gestural stresses, interacting with prosodic means, take part in the speech flow syntagmatic division, single out and accentuate the communicative (logical) centre as well as emphasize the rhythmic structure of the utterance. The carried out investigation also revealed certain correlation between the intensification of gesture characteristics (amplitude, strength, speed) and parliamentary speech prosodic characteristics (melody, loudness, tempo) aimed at affecting the addressee.
Key words: gestural stresses (batons), prosodic means, speech-gesture interaction, correlation, gesture characteristics.
