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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2020-15-4-71-77
The formation basis of model characteristics of football players' psycho-emotional state and the profile of psychic readiness state
Aleksej A. Kozlov*
Football club "Rostov" Joint-Stock Company Rostov-on-Don, Russia ORCID: 0000-0003-1075-4423, [email protected]*
Abstract: Modern sport of higher achievements in games demands individualized approach to all kinds of sports training. First of all it is necessary to define both the individualization criteria of physical and psychological training. Model characteristic of psycho-emotional state and the profile of psychic readiness state creation can be considered as the condition for the effectiveness increase of sports training management on the basis of integral training opportunities broadening among football players. The studied psycho-emotional state and psychic readiness indices can be used as the means of effective sports training management, especially at the stages of each football player's training influences correction. It is defined that in terms of equal conditions of physical readiness in football players we see adaptation disorders in the main and important matches in case of untimely psychic state self-regulation. Players' motivation for game effectiveness demands quick information presentation concerning not only physical, but also psychic state. It demands timely diagnostics, taking into account model values. Research methods. With the help of activationmeter ("ATS-9K" apparatus) we studied structural components of football players' psycho-emotional state at the training stage. We revealed structural components of psychic readiness state: motivation of aim achievement, the tendency to risk and confidence. Results. We revealed the main factors, which condition changes of game tactics among football players. We defined the importance of psychological training as the factor of matches success and effectiveness in terms of football players' readiness equal conditions. We created model range of psycho-emotional state indices and the profile of readiness state in football players at the age of 15-17, 18-20 and 21-23. Conclusion. Football players' psycho-emotional state depends on age and on the stages of training. Taking into account model level and profile of psycho-emotional state and the state of football players' psychic readiness helps to plan training with the broadened use of psycho-regulating means.
Keywords: game activity, model characteristics, football players, psychological training, psycho-emotional state, the state of psychic readiness, profile.
For citation: Aleksej A. Kozlov*. The formation basis of model characteristics of football players' psycho-
emotional state and the profile of psychic readiness state. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport.
2020; 15(4): 59-64. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2020-15-4-71-77
INTRODUCTION
Football is the most popular kind of sport. The international football federation combines different national federations and associations. The most typical tendency of modern football development is different tournament games amount, intensity and technicality of games increase. In modern football tournaments there is the amount of single combats increase. It leads to cruelty and intensity of matches. Many specialists connect the success of games with initiative level increase among many teams-winners together with high physical readiness. When the games are held every other day, both physical and psychological loads increase. The held theoretical analysis of works showed that self-regulation means
individualization in athletes is important as the factor of games effectiveness increase.
A.V. Petukhov writes about the disadvantages of traditional method of training football players in his monograph. He pays attention to the necessity to reveal the factors. They influence the success of training [4].
Technical-tactical readiness analysis in highly-qualified football players shows that a great volume of speed work, the amount of technical-tactical actions and their increase during the second times of the games prove good general and speed endurance of football players.
The results of the biggest matches and competitive activity parameters analysis in football
players of different roles helped to reveal the activity peculiarities of the leading teams of the world.
In the opinion of the specialists in different kinds of sport such information is necessary for the main tendencies of modern football development revelation [1,2,3,5,6].
International games analysis showed that modern football became an attractive and spectacular kind of sport. It provided not only rules, but also the content of the games change. General volume of technical-tactical actions of the players increased. Players started to play quicker and more effectively. The quality of football players' game significantly increased. We see the increase of teams. They can compete with the leaders of football and it leads to psychological tension of matches.
We see the increase of the games, where maximum physical strength and moral-volitional qualities increase is needed. Psychological tension during the games also increased because of unpredictability of the matches results. The amount of matches, where the difference was only one score, increased. In this connection we define that nowadays football becomes quicker, more intensive and fierce. Nowadays matches demand to play at the edge of one's powers till the end of the game.
With physical, functional and psychological load increase it is important to take into account psycho-emotional state. It influences tactical model of football players' game. The player is influenced not only by physical readiness, but also by psychological responsibility for the game effectiveness [4]. Sometimes the increased demands lead to different adaptation disorders among players.
An important component of psychological training in football players is micro-environment formation in the collective and in the team in general. Constant stimulation is necessary for an optimal psychological climate support among the players in the team. An important component of football players' psychic readiness state is a motivation for aim achievement, the tendency to risk and failures avoidance formation. Especially urgent is the aspect of teaching football players the techniques of psychic state and psycho-emotional sphere self-control and self-regulation [8,9,10].
Taking into account the fact that many
specialists pay great attention to the methodology of physical, technical and tactical training of football players for competitive activity, the psychological aspect of training becomes extremely urgent. Competitions take 45% of time from general volume of the whole training during the lessons. Taking into account the most evident kinds of psychic tension, which influence the state of psychic readiness and psycho-emotional state of football players can be the factor of success. Not enough attention is paid to this. Stress is on tactical game, directed toward having advantage over the opponent in quickness of dribbling.
Specialists study the questions of psychological training. Psychologists work in the teams. They use psychological-pedagogical methods of influence on athletes. However, the questions, connected with high level of psychic readiness state formation in football players during the whole tournament and sports season in general, are not studied enough.
The aim of the research: considering structural components of psychic readiness state in football players of one sports season of games.
The objectives of the research:
1. Study and analyze the indices of psycho-emotional state of football players during the training stage.
2. Reveal the indices, which are presented as model characteristics of football players' psycho-emotional state in an age aspect.
3. Create the profiles of football players' psychic readiness state taking into account three structural components.
RESEARCH METHODS
Football players from sports schools took part in the experiment (22 people each group). The received results were not presented in other publications earlier. The age range of the respondents was the following: 15-17 years-old; 1820 years-old; 21-23 years-old. We estimated psycho-emotional state of football players using "ATS-9K" apparatus [7].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Scientific-methodical and special literature
sources analysis helped to underline the main tendencies of game tactics change:
- diversity of technical-tactical actions;
- the technologies of preparing the field and equipment change;
- the speed of game increase;
- the activity of opponents' resistance increase;
- the exercises of difficult-coordinating orientation;
- diversity of the technique realization;
- tactical schemes of opponents' games development.
All mentioned above factors provide innovative methodologies of football players' sports training creation with the stress on psychological aspect.
Table 1 - presents football players' psycho-emotional state indices during one sports season of games, taking into account minimal and maximal values met in the sampling
Table 1 - Football players' psycho-emotional state indices during one sports season
Psycho-emotional state indices The studied age of football players
15-17 years-old 18-20 years-old 21-23 years-old
Accuracy of reaction to a moving object, c.u. 18,0-25,4 18,5-30,0 20,5-32,0
Coefficient of nervous system power, % 14,5-19,5 14,5-20,5 14,5-22,5
Amount of movements within 5 seconds 28-30 32-35 34-35
Coefficient of the sense of tempo, c.u. 20-22 22-25 22-25
General index of motor memory, (%) 9,00-10,00 10,00-12,00 12,00-14,00
Coordination of flexor and extensor muscles, (%) 2,21-2,45 2,50-3,50 3,55-5,55
Fig. 1 presents age dynamics of football players' psycho-emotional state indices.
c.u.
20 22 24 26
■ 21-23 years-old
18-20 years-old
28 ■ 15-17 years-old
■ 21-23 years-old
s> 18-20 years-old
18 ■ 15-17 years-old
Fig. 2. The indices of the nervous system power coefficient in football players
Fig. 1. The indices of reaction accuracy to a moving object in football players
The accuracy of reaction to a moving object among the football players of the defined age groups differs in absolute mean values.
In "15-17 years-old group" the initial index of reaction accuracy to a moving object was 23,4 ± 2,02 c.u.; in "18-19 years-old group" - 23,9 ± 1,54 c.u.; in "20-21 years-old group" - 27,2 ± 2,04 c.u..
The accuracy of reaction to a moving object in football players is connected with the ability to orient oneself in space and can be psycho-emotional state index. Football players have a stable increase of
this index as a result of a complex physical abilities demonstration. This index has the tendency to decrease in case of over-tension and after important starts.
The indices of the coefficient of nervous system power or weakness can be considered the inhibition and excitation dominant estimation. Football players have all kinds of nervous system power and weakness. They have a high level of nervous processes flexibility and easiness in excitation. It can lead to emotional breakdowns.
Picture 2 shows that football players' coefficient of nervous system power or weakness increases during correction.
In the group of 15-17 year-old respondents the initial level of the nervous system power and weakness coefficient was 14,8 ± 1,31%, and before the main game it was 14,5 ± 1,45%.
In the group of 18-20 year-old football players the initial index of the nervous system power and weakness coefficient was 14,5 ± 1,31%, and
before the main game it was 14,9 ± 1,57%.There are age related differences, which can influence psycho-emotional state of football players. 21-23 year-old football players have validly significant result in comparison with the result in the group of 15-17 and 18-20 year-old respondents
The initial index of the nervous system power and weakness coefficient was 15,56 ± 1,61%, and before the main start, after pre-competitive training, it was 16,7 ± 2,01%.
c.u.
34,8
21-23 years-
20
_ _ _ old 32,5
28 ^18-20 years-
old
40 ■ 15-17 years-old
Fig. 3. The amount of football players' movements within 5 seconds.
■ 21-23 years-old
18-20 years-old
20 ■ 15-17 years-old
Fig. 4. General index of football players motor memory
Fig. 3 presents "Amount of movements" index, fulfilled by football players within 5 seconds. We underline this index increase among football players in the group of sportsmanship improvement. In our example it was used as one of football players' nervous system power and weakness characteristics. With football players' sportsmanship improvement increased the amount of the fulfilled actions. It is connected, first of all, with the training influence of speed character. Football players mainly train speed and speed-power oriented abilities and quickness of reaction to a moving object in terms of a continuous control over the actions of an opponent. At the same time it is necessary to realize constant psychic state correction of football players.
General index of motor memory characterizes the volume, capacity and coordination of football players' motor memory. It can be used for psycho-emotional state estimation. It can change depending on readiness and the experience of taking part in games of different levels.
Picture 4 shows that age-related dynamics of general index of motor memory has the tendency to increase with ages.
In the group of football players, who are 15-17 years-old, general index of motor memory
was 10,01 ± 1,21%; in the group of 18-20 year-old football players it was 12,0 ± 1,11%.
In the group of football players, who are 2123 years-old general index of motor memory was 14,00 ± 12,41 c.u.. This index also has the tendency to improve with ages and it can be considered an evidence base for football players' steady psycho-emotional state formation.
In "Coefficient of flexor and extensor muscles coordination" index diagnostics the main is the necessity to fulfill the movements at a maximal speed, preserving coordination of movements and the sense of tempo.
In the group of football players, who are 15-17 years-old, the initial index of the coefficient of flexor and extensor muscles coordination was 2,71 ± 2,01 c.u.; 18-20 years-old - 3,67 ± 2,01 c.u.; 21-23 years-old - 4,77 ± 2,21 c.u.
The received results, which characterize psycho-emotional state of football players, can be used both for psycho-emotional state estimation and for model characteristic, taking into account the age of football players. The presented results were received on the basis of multiple study of each age group of football players.
Taking into account the fluctuations range
of the studied indices of football players' psycho- Taking into account the presented material
emotional state, which are presented in table 1, we created the profile of football players' psychic
helps to create the complex of self-regulating means readiness state. The main components of the
for an effective state of psychic readiness formation profile are the following: motivation of the aim
before the match. achievement, failures avoidance and confidence.
TTR
Before games
•After games
Fig. 5. Profile of football players' psychic readiness state at the age of 15-17 (c.u.)
Notes: M - motivation; TTR - tendency to risk; C - confidence_
Before games
TTR
•After games
Fig. 6. Profile of football players' psychic readiness state at the age of 18-20 (c.u.)
Notes: M - motivation; TTR - tendency to risk; C - confidence
Fig. 7. Profile of football players' psychic readiness state at the age of 21-23 (c.u.)
Notes: M - motivation; TTR - tendency to risk; C - confidence
Pictures 5,6,7 show that in terms of age-related aspect the components of psychic readiness state differ. Especially vivid are the components in the age group of 21-23 year-old football players. It means that depending on the experience and the level of football players' readiness we see high level of psychic readiness state for the match and after the match we see excitement decrease. In the age groups of 15-17 years-old and 18-20 years-old nervous excitation in psychic readiness state preserves for some time and it demands emotional excitation
process decrease owing to psycho-regulating means.
CONCLUSION
Thus, football players' psycho-emotional state depends on age and on the stages of training.
Taking into account model level and profile of psycho-emotional state and the state of football players' psychic readiness helps to plan training with the broadened use of psycho-regulating means.
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Submitted: 20.10.2020 Author's information:
Aleksej A. Kozlov - A Trainer ofthe football team, Football club "Rostov"Joint-Stock Company, 344029, Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Sholokhov aven, House 31E, e-mail: [email protected]
