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Секция 13. Филология и лингвистика
Yuldasheva Zaynab Komilovna, Urgench State University, master student, the Faculty of Foreign Languages E-mail: [email protected] Masharipova Nargiza Otaxonovna, Urgench State University, master student, the Faculty of Foreign Languages E-mail: [email protected]
The English idioms and its interpretation to other languages
Abstract: The article is devoted to the analyzation of English idioms and its equivalents with other languages. There are given some English idioms which are common use in people's speech and their comparison with the Uzbek language.
Keywords: figurative meaning, literal meaning, semi-fixed expression, idiom, behind the scenes, a balancing act
The word “idiom” was taken from Latin language “idioma” or it can be translated as a special property. An idiom is a phrase which a couple of words come together and mean complete meaning in the sentences. So, their meanings are different from the dictionary definition.
Actually we can’t translate the idioms word by word, we must translate the whole expression and they express one complete meaning according to their use. It’s not hard to learn idioms for native language learners; hence it can be hard to learn for ESL (English as the second language) students or learners. Native language learners are acquired to all language patterns which re happening in their language, but ESL learners have to study all aspects of idioms when they want to learn the language perfectly. There are thousands of idioms and they occur frequently in all languages. There are estimated to be at least twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions in English language. We use an idiom in a particular situation in our daily life. The idioms are divided into two types according to its meaning: figurative and literal meaning. The figurative meaning of idioms are common usage it within people and their speech. Literal meaning conveys to its usage in books, fiction books and other literatures. Sometimes we are able to translate the English idioms into an idiom in our language. They can be close only with their meaning and use. I did some analysis of idioms in English and Uzbek languages. They are as follows:
She is pulling my leg- here the idiom is pulling my leg and it means to trick somebody by telling something untrue.
In Uzbek language we have also this kind of idiom and its meaning is very similar. We say it “Qulog’iga lag’mon ilmoq”. This idiom means that to tell a lie or
persuade and promise someone on doing incredible thing for him/her.
Some examples are given here which are existed in other languages too.
“You should keep an eye out for that”- to keep an eye out for that is an idiom and it means to maintain awareness of something. Moreover, it expresses the attentiveness while you are doing something when you use it as a functional meaning. In semantic use of this idiom is using the word “eye” to mean carefulness for something or for doing something and also using a phrasal verb “to keep on”. It means to continue doing something.
Idioms are all fixed and can mean one general meaning. “Why are you feeling blue”- it means that why someone is feeling sad. The idiom is to feel blue. The word “blue” doesn’t mean the color; hence it has an adjective meaning. The next idiom is also has very close meaning to Uzbek language: “I can’t keep my head above water”-the idiom is to keep my head above water and it means to manage something hardly in a particular situation. In Uzbek language this idiom is close to this idiom: “Suvdan quruq chiqmoq”, semantically using the word ‘water” in English as it is “suv” in Uzbek language.
Idioms are semi-fixed expressions that are typically used in a sense. For example in the sentence “it is raining cats and dogs”, there are obviously no real cats and dogs involved. It involves to rain very heavily. All languages are full of idioms and native speakers use them spontaneously without thinking about their figurative meaning. Language learners find idioms hard to understand and use them in their speech. So, they will have to learn them by hard by analyzing their meaning and their use in the context or life situation [1, 22-23].
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Section 13. Philology and linguistics
Linguists used to believe that idioms were completely arbitrary (based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system): that is, you couldn’t know or understand their meaning from the words they consist of. The words in the idioms usually come inseparable and express one unique meaning according their use. [2, 32-33] A helpful way of remembering idioms is to group them according to the domain (specific areas of experienced) that they are derived from, as follows the idioms derived from entertainment (the theatre, the circus etc)
behind the scenes- in secret
waiting in the wings — ready to act when needed.
a balancing act — a difficult compromise.
An idiom is fixed and recognized by native speakers. So we can’t make up our own. The English idioms are very important because they are common in people’s speech. It’s impossible to speak, read or listen to English without facing idiomatic language. You may see several of idioms in newspapers, tabloids and magazines. They are full of idioms and we can’t avoid it or leave it till later. The English idioms are used in both spoken and written form.
References:
1. Crystal, A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics, 4th edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell publishers.
2. Jon Wright Idioms organizer.Copyright by Language Teaching Publication and R. A. close 1992.
Yanushkevich Irina Fedorovna, professor, Gorykina Svetlana Sergeevna, postgraduate student, Volgograd State University, Faculty of Philology and Intercultural Communication E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Anglo-Saxon riddles: the language mirror of the world
Abstract: The article provides a detailed analysis of the conceptual structure of the Anglo-Saxon riddles which includes four thematic fields typical of the ancient people’s picture of the world: nature, everyday life, warfare, and beliefs. Representing part of the language picture of the world, the riddles allow reconstructing the peculiarities of the national world-view.
Key words: Anglo-Saxon riddle, language picture of the world, thematic fields.
The analysis of the language of the Anglo-Saxon riddles is part of a general analysis of the traditional English culture. According to W. Humboldt, the language is “the outer appearance of the spirit of a people; the language is their spirit and the spirit is their language” [1, 46], so the language of the Anglo-Saxon riddle is an important source of information about the English world of the Early Middle Ages and the place of man in it. In this paper we are going to analyze the language peculiarities of the Anglo-Saxon riddles and to show how the ancient people’s picture of the world was reflected in their language.
The ninety five riddles which have survived to the present days are collected in the Exeter book that includes, except the riddles, real masterpieces of the Anglo-Saxon work. The manuscript is supposed to be written or translated at the end of the tenth century though many riddles were first put down as far back as the end of the seventh or in the eighth century. By their sense, they are closely connected with the Latin riddles
written down by Aldhelm, a Sherborn abbot from Northumbria, whose works were based on the creations of Symphosius, a Latin poet of the fifth century. Aldhelm was the first who brought the riddle into common use in England. The author of the Anglo-Saxon riddles translated or adapted the Latin original riddles but some riddles may go back to the more ancient oral collections, allegedly of the fourth century [2, www]. Scholars think the Anglo-Saxon riddles are most likely to belong to the oral tradition (as it is the case with other cultures since riddle is nearly an universal folklore form), the oral and written traditions having interacted from the middle of the seventh century till the Norman Conquest.
Some riddles contained runes which implied listeners or readers who were familiar with the futhark. The runes had arrived in England from Germany and/or Scandinavia by the fifth century AD. Since the ninth century the runes had been used rarely and more likely for shorthand writing or as the elements of the language play than for their traditional purpose — magic, ritual, or mystic.
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