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13AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER IN COMBINATION WITH PRE-
SOWING WITH THE TREATMENT OF PEA SEEDS
Alyoshin M.A.
Perm State Agro-Technological University Named after D.N. Pryanishnikov
614990 Russia, Perm, 23, Petropavlovskaya St.
Abstract
The results of a field experiment to establish the separate and joint effect of nitrogen doses and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the preparation rizotorphin on the seed productivity of sown peas are presented. The study was carried out in the conditions of sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil with a leafless variety of Corduroy forage purpose. The effectiveness of seed inoculation with the bacterial preparation rizotorphin was proved, the yield increase was +0.04...0.36 t/ha. When using nitrogen in doses of 30-60 kg/ha, there is a significant increase in the yield of pea grain by 0.06...0.32 t/ha. Due to the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the content of raw protein in the grain increased by 1.2-1.3 times, when treating seeds with the bacterial preparation rizotorphin - by 1.1%.
Keywords: nitrogen doses, rhizotorphin, seed peas, grain yield, crude protein content.
Introduction. The special value of leguminous crops lies in the high protein content in the seeds, leaves and stems of these plants [1]. Peas are considered one of the main leguminous forage crops in Russia. Its grain has high feed qualities, and therefore it is highly valued in feeding farm animals and poultry [2]. Pea protein contains a large amount of essential amino acids and is well absorbed by animals [3]. Pea grains contain natural sugars and saturated fatty acids, beta-carotene, vitamins A, E, H, PP, group B, micro-and macronutrients [4]. Pea grain shells contain insoluble dietary fibers, which consist of cellulose (83.78%), hemicellulose (7.34%) and lignin (8.85%) [5]. Pea grain is the main protein component of domestic compound feeds for the needs of animal husbandry. A kilogram of pea grain is equal to 1.15 k units and contains 195 g of digestible protein [6].
Material and research methods. The study was conducted in 2016 on the experimental field of the Perm State Agricultural Academy in the conditions of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. The content of humus in the arable layer (according to Tyurin in the Nikitin modification) is 1.84%, pHkci is 5.6-5.8, the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) is 142 and 234 mg/kg, respectively.
The aim of the study was to study the effect of nitrogen doses and the drug rizotorphin on the productivity of Corduroy seed peas. To achieve it, a 2-factor field experience was laid down according to the following scheme. Factor A - treatment of the seed material with the preparation rizotorphin: A0 - without treatment; A1 - with treatment. Factor B-nitrogen dose, kg/ha: B0 -
N0, B1 - N30, B2 - N45, B3 - N60, B4 - N75, B5 - N90, B6 - N105, B7 - N120. In the presence of 4-fold repetition, the variants were presented on 64 plots located in 2 tiers. The total area of the plot was 150 m2, the accounting area was 90 m2. The object of research in the experiment was a leafless variety of forage Corduroy. Nitrogen was introduced in the form of Naa (34.4% d.v.), for pre-sowing cultivation. The processing of the seed material with the microbiological preparation ri-zotorphin was carried out manually on the day of sowing according to the attached instructions. The cultivation of peas was carried out according to the technology of cultivation of grain crops for the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone. Sowing was carried out in an ordinary way with a seeding rate of 1.2 million. germinating seeds per 1 ha in the second decade of May. Harvesting was carried out by direct combining, together with the direct method of crop accounting. The amount of crude protein was calculated by multiplying the total nitrogen content by a coefficient of 6.25, according to GOST 13496.4-93. The mathematical processing of the research results was carried out according to the algorithm of variance analysis.
Results and discussion. The introduction of nitrogen increases the productivity of pea plants. It is believed that the treatment of pea seeds rizotorphina, peas needs in the mineral nitrogen in the first stage of development until is formed a symbiotic apparatus, in subsequent periods of development peas goes on nutrition and symbiotic nitrogen fertilization inhibits the processes of nitrogen fixation and the activity of symbiotic bacteria (Table. 1).
Table 1.
The influence of the level of nitrogen nutrition and the treatment of seeds strain of microorganisms on __yield of grain sowing peas, t/ha__
Доза азота (фактор В) Обработка ризоторфином (фактор А) Среднее по В, НСР05 гл. эфф. = 0,13
без обработки с обработкой
N0 1,31 1,41 1,36
N30 1,37 1,73 1,55
N45 1,46 1,56 1,51
N60 1,59 1,63 1,61
N75 1,34 1,43 1,39
N90 1,52 1,66 1,59
N105 1,50 1,43 1,47
N120 1,38 1,42 1,40
Среднее по А, НСР05 гл. эфф. = 0,04 1,43 1,53 -
НСР05 для частных различий для фактора А 0,12
В 0,19
The level of grain productivity of peas in the experiment ranged from 1.31 t/ha on the variant without treatment with a bacterial preparation and without nitrogen fertilizers to 1.73 t/ha on the variant with seed treatment with a bacterial preparation and nitrogen application at a dose of 30 kg per hectare. Based on the main effects of factor A, the effectiveness of seed inoculation with the bacterial preparation rizotorphin was proved (the increase in yield was 0.1 t/ha, with LSD05 = 0.04). The indicated trend is due to the fact that the bacterial preparation contains a strain of microorganisms that is adaptive for sod-podzolic soils.
Based on the main effects of factor B, when using nitrogen at doses of 30, 45 and 60 kg per hectare, there is a significant increase in the yield of pea grain by 0.19, 0.15 and 0.25 t/ha, respectively. With an increase in the nitrogen dose to 75 kg/ha, there was a decrease in productivity to the level obtained without applying nitrogen fertilizers. This feature is associated with the
limited development of the root rhizobial apparatus and a decrease in the number of nodules on the roots of plants as a result of excessive nitrogen nutrition. In the variant with the introduction of nitrogen at a dose of 90 kg per hectare, there is an increase in grain yield by 0.20 t/ha with an LSD05 equal to 0.13 t/ha, compared with the N75 variant. This jump in yield is associated with the transition of pea plants to feed on nitrogen introduced with fertilizers. When applying N105 and N120, a decrease in grain yield was observed by 0.12 and 0.19 t/ha. In these variants, pea plants formed a high vegetative mass to the detriment of seed productivity.
The most important indicator for the qualitative characteristics of feed grain of peas is the content of raw protein. It reflects the sum of all nitrogenous compounds, which include protein and non-protein compounds (Table 2).
Table 2.
The effect of the level of nitrogen nutrition and seed treatment with a strain of microorganisms on the
Дозы азота (фактор В) Обработка ризоторфином (фактор А) Среднее по В, НСР01 гл. эфф. = 0,85
без обработки с обработкой
N0 14,1 15,4 14,6
N30 18,8 17,5 18,1
N45 16,5 17,0 16,9
N60 21,1 18,0 19,5
N75 18,9 15,0 17,0
N90 21,6 16,8 19,4
N105 17,4 18,6 17,9
N120 15,0 17,1 16,1
Среднее по А, НСР01 гл. эфф. = 0,31 18,0 16,9 -
НСР01 для частных различий для фактора А 0,88
В 1,21
The content of crude protein in pea grain varied from 14.1% (in the variant without the treatment of seeds with the bacterial preparation rizotorphin and without the application of nitrogen fertilizers) to 21.6% (in the variant without the treatment of seeds with rizot-orphin and with the introduction of nitrogen at a dose of 90 kg per hectare). Based on the main effects of factor A, it was proved that when seeds were treated with the bacterial preparation rizotorphin, the crude protein content was 1.1% higher. When nitrogen was added in all variants of the experiment, the crude protein content significantly increased, the greatest increase was characterized by the variant with the introduction of N at a dose of 60 kg/ha, the increase was 4.9%.
Conclusions. The maximum yield of pea grain in the experiment (1.73 t/ha) was obtained by combining pre-sowing seed treatment with rhizotorphin and applying nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg/ha. Due to the inoculation of seeds with the bacterial preparation ri-zotorphin, the increase in the yield of pea grain was +0.04...0.36 t/ha. When using nitrogen in doses of 3060 kg / ha, there is a significant increase in the yield of pea grain by 0.06...0.32 t/ha. Due to the introduction of nitrogen fertilizer, the content of raw protein in the grain increased by 1.2-1.3 times, when treating seeds with the bacterial preparation rizotorphin - by 1.1%.
References
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