CC BY
8
Saliev S.A. assistant
department of intensive vegetable, horticulture, viticulture and greenhouse Organization Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology
Uzbekistan, Andijan O'rmonov A.S. magistr
department of intensive vegetable, horticulture, viticulture and greenhouse organization Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology
Uzbekistan, Andijan
THE EFFECT OF PLANTING TERMS ON GROWTH OF EGGPLANT GROWTH IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Annotation: Optimal planting times for growing eggplant in greenhouses and higher yields have been studied.
Keywords: Eggplant crop, greenhouse, seeds, seedlings, flowering, fruiting, planting dates, agrotex activities.
Cultivation and high yields of eggplant, which belongs to the tomato family, have been widely studied in the open field. We know that the yield of this crop is 200-300 ts and more per hectare. However, although the yield of eggplant is high, it does not bring much income when grown in open field conditions. The reason is that the demand for this fruit is not so high, given that its fruits ripen in the summer months in our country and are grown in homes where people have their own gardens. However, growing this crop in greenhouses in winter and early spring brings high yields, such as tomatoes and cucumbers, which are the main crops in the existing greenhouses in the country today. For example, there are many separate varieties and hybrids for growing this crop in greenhouses in the Russian Federation. However, the varieties of eggplant recommended for greenhouses in our country are not included in the State Register of agricultural crops grown in Uzbekistan. Although eggplant is sold in our country in winter and early spring at a very high price, its price this year averaged 35,000 soums. When consuming eggplant during this period, it should be noted that this type of vegetable can not be found in the kitchens of every home in our country.
Purpose of the study: Based on these problems, scientific research was conducted to study the factors influencing the cultivation of eggplant in greenhouses and higher yields, as well as the characteristics of varieties and hybrids for planting in greenhouses.
Object and methodology of research. The research was conducted in the greenhouses of farms located in Asaka district of Andijan region.
In the experiment, Aurora, Aydin F1 and Chyornaya shark varieties were selected, which showed the highest performance among local and imported varieties. They were placed in three rows on 20.01, 01.02 and 10.02.2019 in two rows of 5 meters in a 60x40 scheme. Phenological analysis of the onset of flowering (10%), mass flowering of plants (75%), onset of fruiting (10%), mass fruiting (75%), ripening of fruits during the growing season in each experimental type and method fields observations were made. Variety samples taken for the experiment were grown under the same conditions and agro-technical measures were carried out. The experiment was carried out in November in pots specially allocated for greenhouses, the seeds were sown at a depth of 1.5-2 cm and cared for until the seedlings were ready for planting. During the growing season watered depending on the condition. Fertilization focused mainly on local fertilizers, which leads to the cultivation of a pure product while improving the quality of the product.
Research results. In the experiment, the Aurora variety, which was included in the State Register of eggplant, was selected as a standard variety, and the valuable economic characteristics and advantages of the remaining varieties were studied. Among the varietal samples, the economic characteristics of the Black Shark specimen showed positive results from the standard varietal. The Chyornaya shark specimen from the Aurora variety showed positive results in germination, mowing, flowering, and yield. This will allow to bring the product to the market earlier and provide the population with fresh ripe eggplant. The variety differed from other varieties in that it was more resistant to disease and pests than the standard variety. When analyzed by planting dates, eggplant seedlings planted on 10.02.19 showed high yields. This result was observed in all varieties participating in the experiment. The reason is that we grew eggplant seedlings in unheated greenhouses. This showed that eggplant seedlings planted in early 20.01 and 01.02 did not show positive results in long-term growth and development due to lack of heat due to insufficient heat level in the growth and development of early planted seedlings, and some delicate seedlings even died. This situation was positive in eggplant seedlings planted on 10.02 compared to seedlings planted in the above periods. Although low temperatures had a negative effect on their growth and development, no extinction of eggplant seedlings planted during this period was observed. In the study, it was observed that the seedlings planted relatively later showed higher results than the eggplant seedlings planted earlier in the experiment.
Conclusion. Based on the above results, we recommend growing eggplant in the greenhouses of vegetable growers, farmers and gardeners, based on the results of scientific research. To do this, we consider it advisable to plant Aurora varieties from the first decade of February to the second decade of February,
when they grow well in unheated greenhouse conditions and show valuable farming traits, as well as high yields.
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