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11Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
FACTORS FOR QUALITY GRAPE GROWING
Bustonov Zokirjon Tadjibaevich
Associate Professor Head of the Department of Intensive Vegetable, Horticulture, Viticulture and Greenhouses, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology.
Yuldashev Rakhimjon Tojidinovich, Senior Lecturer of Department of "Intensive vegetable, horticulture, viticulture and greenhouses", Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology
ABSTRACT
In our country, the development of horticulture and increasing export potential is considered a priority. Particular attention is paid to the cultivation of grapes, the cultivation and cultivation of vineyards, the introduction of new technologies in irrigation. As the work in this area is bearing fruit, not only are the vineyards expanding, but their productivity is also increasing year by year.
Keywords: Horticulture, viticulture, cultivation, planting scheme, maintenance technology, vineyard, cuttings, reproduction, efficiency, yield.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В нашей стране развитие садоводства и увеличение экспортного потенциала считается приоритетом. Особое внимание уделяется выращиванию винограда, выращиванию и выращиванию виноградников, внедрению новых технологий в орошении. По мере того, как работа в этой области приносит свои плоды, не только расширяются виноградники, но и растет год от года их продуктивность.
Ключевые слова: Садоводство, виноградарство, возделывание, схема посадки, технология ухода, виноградник, черенкование, размножение, продуктивность, урожайность.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Мамлакатимизда боздорчиликни ривожлантириш ва экспорт салоуиятини оширишга устувор вазифа сифатида царалмоцда. Айницса, узум етиштириш, токзорларни купайтириш ва уларга ишлов бериш, сузоришда янги технологияларни жорий этишга катта эътибор царатиляпти. Бу борадаги ишлар уз самарасини бераётгани сабабли жойларда токзорлар нафацат кенгаймоцда, балки унинг уосилдорлиги уам йилдан-йилга ортиб боряпти.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Калит сузлар: Богдорчилик, узумчилик, етиштириш, экиш схемаси, парваришлаш технологияси, токзор, цаламча, купайтириш, самарадорлик, хосилдорлик.
INTRODUCTION
Grapes are the second most consumed fruit in the world after bananas in terms of sales volume, while global grape sales continue to grow steadily, growing 3.6% annually or $ 336 million.
A number of practical measures are being taken to develop grape growing, industrial processing and enotourism in the regions. Of course, it is no coincidence that our country pays so much attention to the development of viticulture, cultivation, processing and export of grape products. Because both the economic efficiency and the social significance of viticulture are great. For example, it costs an average of 100 million soums to grow 1 hectare of grapes, and after 4 years you can get a net profit of 250 million soums a year.
Another good thing is that if 2 people work on 1 hectare of land and produce a maximum of 20 million soums, viticulture, especially the shpaler method, can employ up to 10 people, produce 300 million soums and export an average of $ 25,000.
As viticulture has been the national agricultural culture of our people for centuries, today grapes are grown in almost all regions of the country.
Grapes, along with other cultivated plants, reproduce both sexually (from seed) and vegetatively. Propagation from seed is mainly used in selection work. In practice it is propagated vegetatively by cuttings, green cuttings, grafting and pruning. When grapes are propagated from seed, the character and characteristics of the variety change, often depending on the wild form, yielding late. Sometimes those grown from seed, like some fruit plants, can produce crops close to the cultivars, but later they become identical.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
In the cultivation of pure variety seedlings under special conditions (greenhouse, special room) vine cuttings are grafted on rooted grafts and kept at the appropriate air and soil temperature, humidity until planting in the spring.
The soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan allow growing varieties of grapes ripening at different times in all regions. It is desirable to set aside open, well-lit, fertile and well-watered land for the vineyard. Sandy and rocky soils, mountain and foothill slopes, which are considered unfavorable for plants such as grain, cotton,
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
sugar cane, flax, hemp, are also suitable for growing vines. Lands with a slope of up to 100 meters in mountainous and hilly areas can be used effectively for growing vines.
Strongly saline, groundwater above 1 m, low soils are considered unsuitable for the vine. Current growth, productivity, crop quality depend in many respects on the nature and characteristics of the soil. In Uzbekistan, gray and grassland soils are suitable for growing vines. Quality crops can be grown even on rocky soils with a soil layer of not less than 50-60 cm. When choosing a land for a vineyard, it is necessary to pay attention to the direction and periodicity of the wind.
In viticulture, protective trees are mainly used to regulate flow and wind. The first is used mainly in mountain and foothill areas, where 3-5 rows of shrubs (cherry, currant, raspberry, willow, etc.) are planted at intervals of 1x0.5 m.
Before planting, the soil is plowed with organic and mineral fertilizers. In particular, deep tillage (60-70 cm) with a "plantation plow" improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, air, water, heat, plant nutrient uptake, enhances the activity of soil microorganisms, water permeability and moisture retention. regulates, loses the forgetfulness of weeds, etc. Before planting, 30-40 tons of rotten manure, 500-600 kg of superphosphate or ammophos and 90-100 kg of potassium are applied per hectare. Before planting grape seedlings, the roots grown in three parts of the seedlings are cut, the roots on the lower side are slightly shortened. The excess is cut off, leaving one, two, two or three eyes on a strongly overgrown and well-placed branch. The roots are soaked in a liquid prepared from a mixture of fresh manure and mud so that they do not dry out during and after transplanting before watering.
Given that the growth potential of each seedling has a major impact on its retention and subsequent development, seedlings should be grouped before transplanting. To protect the seedlings planted in autumn and winter from the cold, they are buried with soil at least 20 cm thick.
The retention and development of seedlings, their entry into the fruit, the future yield and its quality depend on the quality care of the young vineyard. It is necessary to prevent the formation of weeds, the development of weeds. In the first year after transplanting vines, their root system is not very well developed. Therefore, the vineyard should be watered frequently, with the soil moistened to a depth of at least one meter. After transplanting, the first watering is carried out, the next one in April, May, June and August. In addition, reserve water will be provided once or twice from November to March.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Groundwater is irrigated no more than 3-4 times on shallow soils, 1.5-2.0 times more on gravelly soils. After 2-3 days after each watering, the soil between the rows is loosened using cultivators.
For efficient use of land and water, vegetables, melons, potatoes and other crops (except tall plants) are planted between the rows of vineyards in the first two years. These crops should be placed at least 50 cm from the row of vineyards. In the year the seedlings were planted, they were marked to determine if the varieties had mixed before the color change (August-September) and shedding of the vine leaves, and instead the seedlings of this main variety were planted in October or early spring. The place of unripe seedlings is also filled. The vines are buried in the lake without cutting in the year of planting. In the spring the tubers open before the buds sprout. The first years or currents are cut in the spring. The vineyards are cared for in the second year as in the first year, as in the third year. If in the first two years some vines in the vineyard have dried up, their instead of strong seedlings of the same variety are planted.
From the third year (from the second year on strong bushes) the dead bushes are restored mainly by parchment. In this case, a healthy, ripe annual stem from the mother bush is taken and laid in a pit dug to a depth of 50-60 cm along the row. The tip of the twig laid in the pit is brought to the surface of the soil where it is needed, and the rest is buried with soil as when the seedlings were planted. The rod that comes to the surface of the soil is cut, leaving two or three holes, and tied to a peg. After two or three years, the parchment is separated from the mother bush.
July-September is a good time to plant a well-developed plant. Located, left of the blue twigs of the required length. The blue twigs with the leaves cut off are laid on the ground like ripe twigs. Different systems of current maintenance (current growth at maximum mechanization) are used to make full use of natural conditions and get high yields from each area. In this case, the conditions of growth, characteristics and purpose of the product taken into account. Technical varieties with different growth rates, medium-growing raisins and sorghum varieties, as well as vines grown on dry lands should be grown in the vertical sieve, strong-growing, sesame and raisin varieties in the sloping sieve.
CONCLUSION
According to the growing system, the column should be installed in the second year after planting to form vines. Reinforced concrete columns have a long service life and are economically viable.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
In conclusion, in order to grow quality grape seedlings and fruits, it is necessary to follow all the agronomic techniques listed above.
REFERENCES
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 6 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
РАЗВИТИЯ СЕМЕНОВОДСТВА. In СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НА УКИ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ (pp. 84-86).
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