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The effect of fertilizing buckwheat on the growth and fertility of the plant
Section 1. Biology
Abdurakhimov Mingjigit Kattabekovich, ScD (Doktor of sciences in agriculture) professor, Samarkand State university, Uzbekistan Urokov Sirojiddin Xudayberdiyevich, ScD, assistant professor, Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
The effect of fertilizing buckwheat on the growth and fertility of the plant
Abstract: Field experiments have been conducted on identifying the need in fertilizers ofbuckwheat planted on the land previously the same year used for growing wheat. We have found out that the annual norm of fertilizers for the buckwheat is N150P90K60 kg/ha. This norm is economically efficient and provides 20,6-21,7 c/ha harvesting in the hot and dry climate of Uzbekistan.
Keywords: fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, plant height, elements of harvest, the mass of 1000 seeds, fertility.
Actuality: It is well known that the plant of the buckwheat requires fertilizing, and with its crops it takes out of the land its mineral elements. In order to grow one ton of buckwheat, the plant intakes 35-40 kg of nitrogen, 15-20 kg of phosphorus, 50-70 kg of potassium. The nitrogen containing fertilizers when used moderately provide good growth and development of the plant. As a result, they increase fertility and quality of the plant. When planted on wide rows, and 50% of phosphorus fertilizers are added during the first fertilizing with cultivation, the plant grows well and becomes resistant to diseases and insects.
For the first time, in our republic, we are conducting a research on growing buckwheat on the land previously used for wheat at a later time of the year. Using irrigated lands effectively, and double harvesting is significant in the conditions of intensive agriculture. Because the land that was initially strongly fertilized for the main crop was very beneficial for the buckwheat grown as the second crop.
Buckwheat takes in much of the nitrogen fertilizers from the soil during the period of growth, in the budding period in the body of the plant the amount of phosphorus was sufficient, and the plant feels need in potassium fertilizers when budding and blossoming. The writers think that buckwheat should be fertilized once using nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium at the beginning ofbudding and blossoming period [1, 23-25; 2, 11-13]. In the black soil ofAltay area buckwheat
We have also found out that moderate fertilizing of the buckwheat grown in the pre-cropped fields also has a large influence on its productivity. While the control variant (non-fertilized) had 79,8 pieces of crop per m2, the same area of the fertilized field using
needs fertilizing with phosphorus during the dry and wet periods equally, and it increases fertility of the plant [3, 45-47].
Materials and methods. When conducting laboratory, field, and production experiments, harvesting and analyzing the following methods were used: "Methods of conducting field experiments" (Tashkent, 2007), "Methods of the State sort experimenting of agricultural plants" (Moscow, 1971). The experimented sort of the buckwheat-Kazan buckwheat was grown in the meadow lands of Samarkand region, Republic of Uzbekistan. We conducted a research on growing buckwheat at a later time of the year on the land previously used for wheat in order to find out the needs of the plant in nutrients. We also found out that fertilizing during vegetation and before planting buckwheat and fertilizing the plant during its vegetation period prolongs its vegetation period.
Results and discussion In the observation period of the experiment the vegetative period was 65 days growing and development was provided with the soil fertility and the fertilizers added to the soil during the growth of the first planted culture. When fertilizing norm was N180 P90 K60 kg/h the vegetation period lasted 80 days (table 1). Especially, adding nitrogen containing fertilizers prolonged the periods from blossoming till the first crop ripening and from the first crop ripening till the full ripening to 6-10 days.
the scheme N180 P90 K60 kg/h produced 104,2 pieces of crops. The height of the plant in non-fertilized filed was 53,1 cm, while in the filed fertilized using high dosage the height of the plant was 106.6 cm which is twice as high as in control group.
Table 1. - The effect of fertilizing on the vegetation period of buckwheat in the pre-harvested fields (2013-2015 years)
Experiment variants from planting till first sprouts from first sprouts till budding from budding till blossoming from blossoming till first crop ripening from first crop ripening till full ripening Vegetation period
Control area (non-fertilized) 8 16 9 18 14 65
back ground P90K60 8 15 9 19 15 66
N90 P90 K60 8 14 8 21 19 70
N„o P90 K60 7 14 8 23 22 74
N,50 P90 K60 7 13 7 25 25 77
N P K ,80 90 60 7 13 7 27 26 80
Section 1. Biology
Table 2. - The effect of fertilizing on the productivity of buckwheat in the pre-harvested fields (2013-2015 years)
Experiment variants The number of crops in one m 2 The height of the plant The number of crops on one individual plant The mass of 1000 crops
Number of branches Number of blossoms Crop
Full crop Empty crop Total number
Control area (non-fertilized) 79,8 53,1 3,2 10,5 96,3 24,9 121,2 29,6
back ground p90k60 85,2 69,6 4,6 16,6 132,6 21,4 154,0 30,0
NooPooK6o 94,7 88,3 6,7 25,3 163,9 18,6 182,5 30,9
N„0P90K60 96,4 96,8 7,3 27,8 171,6 16,7 188,3 31,4
N,50P90K60 99,1 102,3 7,8 29,6 176,6 16,1 192,7 31,6
N P K ,80 90 60 104,2 106,6 8,2 32,7 180,9 14,8 195,7 31,8
It was found out that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was directly proportional to the number of branches on the plant, the more fertilizer was used the larger was the number of branches. While in control group the number of branches on each plant was 3,2 in the field fertilized using 180 kg/ha their number reached 8,2. When individual plant was analyzed for the effects of fertilizer, we saw that the increase in the amount of fertilizer reflected in the increase of the number of vegetative and generative organs of the plant (table 2). Whereas the weight of 1000 crops grown in the non-fertilized soil was 29,6 grams, the weight of the same number of cops grown in the soil fertilized by scheme N180 P90 K60 kg/h was 31.8 grams. In the pilot variant, one plant fertilized with phosphorus and potassium containing fertilizers produced 132,6 full crops, with the increase of nitrogen, it was recorded that the number of crops grew from 163,9 to 180,9. While the number of empty crops decreased from 24,9 to 14.8. But the total number of crops depending on the amount of nitrogen grew from 121,2 (in the control group) to 195,7.
With the increase of the amount nitrogen containing fertilizer that was used the weight of 1000 crops also showed the increase (from 29,6 grams in the control group to 31.8 grams in the N180 P90 K60 kg/h scheme fertilized group).
The influence of the mineral fertilizers used in growing buckwheat in the fields that were previously planted with wheat was researched. The results obtained (Table 3) are presented. As the data in the table show, following normal fertilizing influences the growth, development, and increase in the productivity of the plant. Due to the previously grown plant fertilizing, secondary grown control (non fetilized) plant produced 11,3 centners of crops. When the plant was fertilized using the schemes of N120 P90 K60 kg/h and N150 P90 K60 kg/h, the harvest also showed the increase from 21,1; to 22,2 c/h respectively, and the additional productivity was 9,810,9 c/h respectively. Though increasing the amount of nitrogen used for fertilizing led to 0,4 c/h increase in productivity, it did not influence the efficiency largely.
Table 3. - The effect of fertilizing of the fertility of buckwheat in the pre-harvested fields (2013-2015 years)
Experiment The harvest of crops, c/h Productivity, Additional harvest
variants I repeated II repeated III repeated IV repeated c/h c/h %
Control area (non-fertilized) 10,1 11,2 11,7 12,2 11,3 - 100,0
back ground-PonKn 12,6 13,4 14,0 14,8 13,7 2,4 121,2
N00P00K60 18,1 18,9 19,4 19,6 19,0 7,7 168,1
N.^PooKo 20,1 20,8 21,6 21,0 21,1 9,8 186,7
N.50P00K60 21,4 22,2 22,5 22,7 22,2 10,9 196,4
N P K ^180^ oo 60 22,4 22,6 22,7 23,0 22,6 11,3 200,0
Conclusions. To conclude, the annual norm of fertilizing amount of the crops, and economically it provides the increase of buckwheat is N120 0 P90 K60, this can allow us to grow the planned productivity to 21.1-22.2 c/h.
References:
1. Vajov V. M. Efficiency of additional fertilizing and pollination of buckwheat in the forest-steppe areas of Altay. Zemledelie. - Moscow: 2013. - № 1. - P. 35-36.
2. Strijova F. M. Crop sector: tutorial. - Barnaul: 2008. P. 219.
3. Chasovskih D. V. Efficiency of using phosphorus fertilizers on various species of spring-sown wheat in conditions of Altay Pri-Ob lands. - Barnaul: 2013. P. 278-279.
