CC BY
35
Section 10. Agriculture
Seyidaliev Nizami Yaqub, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University E-mail: [email protected]
Hasanova Aynur Oruch, doctor, of philosophy of agrarian sciences, associate professor, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Mamedova Mina Zaman, senior teacher, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University E-mail: [email protected]
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON
Abstract: In the conditions of Milsky steppes for reception of high and stablecrops of a clap-raw with good technological properties of a fibreit is necessary to adhere to level of preirrigation humidity of 70-70-65% HB and annual norm of mineral fertilizers N250P200K75. At lowered (65-65-60% HB) the annual norm of fertilizersunder a cotton should not exceed N200P150K50.
Keywords: a fibre, a clap, potassium, number of watering's, density of standing, norm of fertilizers, agro technical receptions.
In the economic and social development of the Re- Given the importance of the development of cotton
public of Azerbaijan cotton production is of particular growing in the Republic adopted the "Law on cotton
importance. Cotton is a valuable technical culture stra- growing" (may 11, 2010). As key points the act provides
tegic purpose. for the production and processing of raw cotton; coop-
The most important objective of cotton production eration in the system of cotton production; controls and
is to improve the culture of agriculture and an increase in quality control of raw cotton; state support for the devel-
cotton yield, improve the quality of its products. opment and financing of cotton production [1].
One of the most important problems of agricultural One of the main factors of increasing the yield of cot-
production is to find new techniques and methods aimed ton, along with the introduction of high-yielding, more
at increasing the yield of crops. Cotton is one of the main disease resistant varieties with good quality, measures
branches of agricultural productivity of Azerbaijan and fibre, is the establishment of rational methods of farming,
its development in the future, it is very important for our which include, primarily, the use of the optimal norms of
state. Increased production of raw cotton and increasing fertilizers, irrigation regime and density of the plant state.
its crop capacity is a major problem of agriculture of the Increase of productivity lies in the development of
Republic. Currently we have trampoline the area under science-based systems land-regalia, the introduction
cotton compared to other crops is negligible. You have of intensive technologies of cultivation of agricultural
to grow it as a monoculture, and in this regard, the har- Kul-Tur, including cotton, continuous improvement of
vest of raw cotton is 21-23 kg/ha, and in some years is equipment and production technology.
even lower. Increased production of raw cotton and the With a small supply of phosphorus in the soil and
increase of its yield is a important part of a problem of excess nitrogen the plants can be good growth, but will
agriculture of the Republic. give fewer bolls and lower quality fibre, shrivelled seeds.
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON
Plants have a dwarf species with small dark green leaves. A lack of phosphorus nitrogen fertilization has no effect.
The use of fertilizers that meet the requirements of today requires carefully and balanced approach given the removal of nutrients with the plant and the consumption of their cotton. Only then you can install the rational fertilizer rates, most fully makes up for the lack of nutrients without causing negative consequences in the form of environmental pollution of the natural environment.
One of the factors determining the growth and development of plants and high yield, is to obtain early, friendly and full shoots. Uniform distribution of seedlings throughout the planting area provides a more complete use of the plants of water and nutrients [2].
The speed of emergence and completeness of germination depends on many factors, including the quality of seeds, temperature and soil moisture etc.
The difference between the germination of cotton is not more than 1-2 days is not a significant difference.
The effect of doses of fertilizers, irrigation regime and plant density on the height of the main stem of cotton is given in (table 1). As is clear from these tables the height of the main stem of the cotton depends on irrigation regime and doses of fertilizers and plant density. For example, if 4 watering with plain water the height of the main stem is made up in Beylagan region in 2016 in phases of budding and 33.4 cm; flowering-82.4 sm and maturation-101.9 sm. in 5 irrigation this figure reached respectively: 34.1; at 82.8 and 105.7 sm
Another large difference is observed in variants that received different fertilizer rates. So. if at 4 watering with plain water when making N200P175K50 the height of the main stem in the phase of budding was equal to 33.4 sm 82.4 sm flowering and ripening 101.9 sm. with increasing norms of nitrogen up to 250 kg. these figures increased respectively to 32.7 sm 83.4 sm 104.2 sm
Irrigation for cotton minichannel water had a greater effect on the height of the main stem of the cotton plant. When watering minichannel water height of stem increased and reached. respectively 35.9; and 85.5107.5. on the Karabakh region - 34.8; 66.7; 106.6 sm
As can be seen from the data tables (Mil region) number of sympodial branches from the effect of agronomic practices vary in large ranges. Most sympodial branches were formed in the variants have received large rate of fertilizer and number of irrigations.
So. if at 4 is usually irrigation water on the background N200P175K50 and plant density of 100 thousand plants/ha the number of sympodial branches was in 2015 in the flowering stage of 8.8 pieces. the maturation - 15.2; in 2016 to 8.8 and 14.8 pieces and 2017 is 8.9 and 14.9 pieces, with 5-year watering was in 2015 9,6; 16,2; pieces, 2016 9,6;15, 8 and 2017 of 9.3; the 15.6 - pieces.
The effect of magnetized irrigation water on reducing the toxicity of ions of natural irrigation waters, as well as twice accelerates washing of salts from the soil than watering is a common method
Holding a watering magnetized water, the number of sympodial branches increased especially in 5 irrigation [5, 6].
With the increase in plant density decreases and the number of the sympodial branches. A similar pattern was seen in experiments conducted in the Karabakh region.
Cotton under favorable conditions, may continue growing period until late autumn and form a huge number of planelement. However, not all podargoni can stay on the Bush until the end of the growing season and yield a harvest. Depending on the biological peculiarities of the plants and the adverse effects of external factors, primarily soil moisture nutrients and plant density of a certain part of them fall off. Sometimes due to poor farming subsidence is 60 percent or more.
For example, if 100 thousand/rust. on 1 hectare in the first embodiment, the number of obrazovavshim-sya of podorvanov amounted to 13.4 pieces, then the thickness 166 thousand, it decreased and reached to 6.6 pieces. However, as can be seen from the data that not all the amount of the formed of podorvanov is maintained until the end of the growing season on bushes of cotton. In our experience, almost half of the formed podorvanov left before the end of the growing season. The largest number of fallen podorvanov discovered in the third embodiment, where the 5 waterings with plain water in the first embodiment, received N250P200K75. And the least number of fallen fruit elements found in the embodiments, where the watering is conducted minichannel water. The same can be said of the experiments carried out in the Karabakh region [4].
The number ofboxes is an economic indicator of the overall harvest. The more boxes in 1 bush, and the higher the yield and vice versa.
Table 1. - The effect norms of fertilizers, irrigation regime and density of standing of plants at the height of the main stem of cotton, sm
Options Baylagan region Agdgabedy region
The irrigation scheme The rate of fertilizer Hie plant density, thousand ha Budding Flowering Maturation Budding Flowering Maturation
1-3-0 ordinary water ^^200^175^50 100 160 33.4 31.5 82.4 79.2 101.9 101.2 32.5 32.1 63.1 62.9 98.6 97.5
N P K 250 200 75 100 160 32.7 31.6 83.4 81.1 104.2 103.1 34.5 33.1 63.3 60.9 101.2 100.9
1-3-0 manicina water N P K 200 175 50 100 160 34.5 33.2 84.5 83.6 104.8 103.5 33.8 32.2 64.1 63.2 102.6 100.2
^^250^200^75 100 160 33.5 32.9 83.4 82.4 104.6 103.4 34.8 34.7 63.7 64.1 103.9 104.1
1-4-0 ordinary water ^^200^175^50 100 160 34.1 33.6 82.8 82.5 105.7 103.8 34.9 32.6 63.6 62.9 103.1 102.8
N P K 250 200 75 100 160 34.5 33.9 84.2 83.2 105.9 104.2 35.6 34.2 64.3 63.2 105.6 104.6
1-4-0 manicina water N P K 200 175 50 100 160 35.4 34.3 85.2 83.1 104.2 103.8 35.9 33.1 65.9 63.6 103.3 103.2
^^250^200^75 100 160 35.9 34.7 85.5 85.1 107.5 105.2 34.9 34.5 66.7 64.4 106.6 104.6
Table 2. - The effect norms of fertilizers, irrigation regime and plant density on the number of sympodial branches of cotton
Options Mil region Karabakh region
2015 year 2016 year 2017 year 2015 year 2016 year 2017 year
The irrigation scheme The rate of fertilizer The plant density, thousand ha Flowering Maturation Flowering Maturation Flowering Maturation Flowering Maturation Flowering Maturation Flowering Maturation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
^^200^175^50 100 8.8 15.2 8.8 14.8 8.9 14.9 8.8 13.7 8.7 13.7 9.7 14.7
1-3-0 160 8.6 14.5 8.7 14.7 8.9 14.7 8.5 13.3 8.5 13.3 8.4 13.1
ordinary water N P K 250 200 75 100 9.7 15.4 9.2 15.1 9.6 15.4 8.9 13.7 8.9 13.9 9.7 14.7
160 9.6 15.4 8.9 14.8 9.4 15.1 8.9 13.9 8.6 13.5 8.5 13.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1-3-0 manicina water N P K 200 175 50 100 160 9.6 9.5 15.8 15.7 9.4 9.2 15.3 15.1 9.6 9.5 15.9 15.4 9.2 8.9 15.9 13.9 8.9 8.6 14.8 14.1 9.8 8.5 14.5 14.4
N P K 250 200 75 100 160 9.9 9.7 15.9 15.5 9.8 9.6 15.7 15.5 7.6 9.4 15.8 15.2 9.5 9.4 15.2 15.4 9.5 8.7 14.7 14.2 9.9 8.9 14.6 14.3
1-4-0 ordinary water N P K 200 175 50 100 160 9.6 9.5 16.2 15.5 9.6 9.6 15.8 15.6 9.3 9.1 15.6 15.1 9.8 9.4 15.8 15.4 9.6 9.7 15.4 14.5 9.9 8.2 14.7 14.5
^^250^200^75 100 160 9.7 9.5 15.6 15.5 9.9 9.7 15.9 15.7 9.7 9.3 15.3 14.9 9.8 9.7 15.9 15.6 9.9 8.9 15.7 14.7 9.9 8.8 14.8 14.3
1-4-0 manicina water ^^200^175^50 100 160 10.1 9.2 16.3 15.7 10.1 9.6 16.1 15.8 9.8 9.4 16.3 15.6 9.8 9.9 15.6 16.1 9.9 9.9 16.1 14.9 9.9 8.9 14.0 14.7
^^250^200^75 100 160 9.9 9.7 16.1 15.8 10.1 9.6 16.2 15.9 9.9 9.5 15.3 15.9 9.9 9.7 16.1 15.7 9.9 9.9 16.4 15.1 10.2 9.9 15.5 14.7
Table 3. - The effect norms of fertilizers, number of irrigation and plant density on the number of boxesl plant of cotton
Options Mil region Karabakh region
The irrigation scheme The rate of fertilizer The plant density, thousand ha
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
1-3-0 ordinary water ^^200^175^50 100 160 10.4 5.8 11.1 5.8 10.3 5.8 9.4 5.8 11.5 7.8 10.4 6.3 10.3 5.1 9.2 5.8 9.5 6.1 8.3 7.1
N P K 250 200 75 100 160 10.8 6.0 11.2 5.8 9.5 5.0 9.7 6.0 10.6 8.0 10.8 6.4 10.7 5.0 9.6 5.1 9.6 6.2 8.5 7.0
1-3-0 manicina water N P K 200 175 50 100 160 11.0 6.0 12.7 6.1 11.0 6.0 10.1 6.0 10.6 8.1 11.1 6.5 10.8 5.1 10.1 5.2 9.6 6.2 9.2 7.3
N P K 250 200 75 100 160 13.5 6.0 12.87 6.0 10.0 6.1 10.5 6.1 10.5 8.3 11.8 7.1 10.8 5.3 11.7 5.3 9.7 5.3 9.5 7.7
1-4-0 ordinary water N P K 200 175 50 100 160 13.8 8.7 12.8 6.1 11.0 6.1 11.4 6.2 10.7 8.4 12.0 7.1 11.8 6.3 11.1 5.0 9.8 5.3 10.1 7.9
N P K 250 200 75 100 160 13.8 7.7 12.0 6.5 11.8 6.3 10.6 6.4 10.7 8.3 12.7 7.4 12.1 6.8 11.4 5.5 10.1 5.4 10.2 7.9
1-4-0 manicina water N P K 200 175 50 100 160 12.8 6.7 13.0 6.8 12.3 6.8 10.4 6.4 11.1 7.8 12.8 7.8 13.5 7.3 12.0 5.8 10.1 5.5 10.2 7.8
N P K 250 200 75 100 160 13.4 6.6 14.7 12.3 13.1 7.2 11.0 6.4 11.5 8.2 13.4 8.0 14.3 7.8 12.7 6.1 10.2 5.6 10.3 7.5
10 o
-J
o
-n
O
o
Section 10. Agriculture
The number of formed bolls on the plant depends primarily on the biological characteristics of varieties of cotton, however, agricultural practices can also have a positive impact on these indicators.The number ofboxes in 1 bush, depending on the norms of fertilizers, number of irrigation and plant density are presented in (tables 3).
As shown by the data presented in the tables of the studied agricultural practices positively affect appears in both regions the number of boxes in 1 bush [3, 7, 8, 9]. Here the increase in bolls per Bush at Beylagan region ranged from norms of fertilizers at 4 watering with plain water and a plant density of 100 thousand plants 0,1
pieces magni-cluded water of 0.1 units and in the 5 irrigation respectively 0...0,6 pieces.
Approximately, the same pattern was observed in experiments carried out in the Karabakh region. Weight of raw cotton in one boll is an economic indicator that determines the level of harvest and assess the variety. The higher weight of raw cotton in one boll, the higher total yield and the more valuable cotton species. The mass of cotton in one boll is a biological feature of the variety, but it may be affected by external factors, primarily nutrient and water regimes and plant density [10].
A lot of cotton wool in one of the boxes depending on fertilizer, irrigation and plant density are presented in (tables 3).
The table shows that as fertilizer and plant density effect on the mass of cotton in one boll in a different way. For example, if the high rate of fertilizer and a large number of irrigation contribute to the increase in the mass of cotton in one boll, the thickening of crops, on the contrary, decreases the weight of raw. In experiments conducted in both regions in the next five years, the best option was the option which was made N250P200K75 when the background density of 160 thousand plants/ha and 5 watering magnetized water.
Insights. Development and establishment of the rational fertilization, irrigation regime and plant density for different soil differences contributes to obtaining high and stable yields of raw cotton with good technological qualities of the fiber.
Fertilizing, watering and plant density are beneficial to the formation ofboxes, a lot of cotton wool in one box and significantly reduces the percentage of the drop of the fruit bodies.
1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
6. 7.
References:
Aliyev I.G. "Cotton Growing The Law", - Baku, - 2010.
Saidaliev N. I. The efficiency of fertilizer application on yield pop-jatnika in Azerbaijan J.,"agricultural Science Bulletin of Uzbekistan" No. 3-4 (41-42). - Tashkent, - 2010. - P. 7-10.
Seyidaliyev N. Y. The Influence of norms of fertilizers, irrigation regime and plant density on the growth and development of cotton. The journal "agrarian science" No. 7. - Moscow. - 2010. - P. 14-17. Seyidaliyev N. Y. The growth and development of cotton under different plant density and fertilizer application Journal "Fertility" No. 5 (56). - 2010. - P. 13-14.
Seyidaliyev N. Y. The Effects of fertilizers on the productivity of clap-jatnika. 1st International scientific-practical conference: applied Sciences in Europe trends of modern development Stuttgart, Germany, April 21, - 2013. -P. 129-131.
Seyidaliyev N. Y. Komple tarimsal önlemlerin pamuq bitkisinde esas gövdanin uzama ve geli§mesine etkisi. Türk dünyasi ara§tirmalari Uluslararasi bilmlir akademisi //IV uluslararasi sempozyum bildirileri II cild Bioloji ve Ziraat Bilmleri Ankara - Türkiye. - 2012. - P. 57-62.
Seyidaliyev N. Y. The influence of various doses of mutagens on productivity of various grades of cotton. 3rd In International scientific conference "Applied Sciences and Technologies in the United States and Europe: common challenges and scientific findings" November 11-12, - 2013. - Nev York, - P. 114-115. Seyidaliyev N. Y. The technological properties and output fibres in accordance with the norms of fertilizers, irrigation and plant stand density, 7th International Scientific and Practical Conference "Science and Society" 23-30 March, - 2015. - London.
Seyidaliyev N. Y. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the bodies of cotton in Accordance withthe norms of fertilizers, irrigation regime and density of standing of plants. Science, Technology and Higher
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON
Education Materials of the IV international Research and practice conference - Vol. II January 30th, Westwood, Canada - 2014. - P. 19-22.
10. Seitkuliev H. P, Dyuzhev G. A. Effectiveness of fertilizers in cotton growing. Probl. soil science and ways of increase of fertility of irrigated soils of Turkmenistan, - 2002. - P. 103-111.
