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3THE CONCEPT OF "NATIVE COUNTRY" IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
Mamadaliyeva Husnora Bakhodir kizi
master's student of Termiz University of Economics and Service
This article provides a comparative analysis of the concept of "native country ". Proverbs related to the concept of "native country" are presented in English and Uzbek languages.
Key words: native country, English, uzbek, language, concept, proverbs, hometown.
В данной статье проводится сравнительный анализ понятия «родная страна». Пословицы, связанные с понятием «родная страна», представлены на английском и узбекском языках.
Ключевые слова: родная страна, английский, узбекский, язык, понятие, пословицы, родной город.
INTRODUCTION.
Before reflecting national-cultural peculiarities of the concept "Native country" in the English and Uzbek linguistic cultures it is reasonable to explore few features of the concept "Fatherland". The period when the term "Fatherland" emerged was 1200s and it predates "Native country" which came into use in 1500. The former is derived from the Latin word "Patria", "Fatherland" implies heritage, tradition, government, and order while the letter suggests nurturing and a place of birth. The male image of the country calls for patriotism and loyalty, whereas the female metaphor evokes a sense of love and belonging. Since languages have evolved through the years, the notion of "Native country" holds significant cultural and historical importance in the development of both the Uzbek and English languages. For instance: the Uzbek language is primarily spoken in Uzbekistan, a landlocked country in Central Asia.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODS.
The concept of Native country in the Uzbek language is expressed through the term "Vatan" The idea of "Vatan" has deep roots in Uzbek culture and history. It symbolizes the ancestral native country, the land of one's ancestors, and the source of
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ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
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cultural identity. "Vatan" is considered to be a fundamental aspect of Uzbek identity, reflecting the unity and shared heritage of the Uzbek people. Speaking of our Native country it is reasonable to give the interpretation concerning the historical origin of the word Tashkent, which is the capital of Uzbekistan. It was called "Yum" in China sources, "Chach" in the inscription of the Persian king Shapur I, "Shi" in some China sources, and Arabs called it "Shash" According to Beruniy and Mahmud Kashgariy the name Tashkent appeared in the Turkic sources of 9-12th centuries. In the 15 th century it was known as "Tashkura" in Russia. Furthermore, throughout Uzbekistan's history, the notion of "Vatan" has been celebrated and emphasized. It has played a pivotal role in inspiring patriotism, cultural preservation, and a sense of belonging among the Uzbek population. The concept "Vatan" is closely intertwined with the values and traditions of the Uzbek people. Owing to the values and traditions, in Uzbekistan, the term "cradle" is often used as a symbol of the native country or native country. The cradle represents the place where one is born and raised, and it carries a deep sense of attachment, love, and belonging to the land of one's ancestors. It symbolizes the nurturing and protective nature of the native country, much like a mother's cradle provides comfort and care to a child. Besides that, the cradle as a symbol of the native country highlights the importance of roots, heritage, and cultural identity. It signifies the connection between individuals and their native country, emphasizing the pride and affection people have for their country. It represents the sense of unity and shared history among the people of Uzbekistan.This symbol can be found in various forms of artistic expression, including literature, poetry, music, and visual arts. It serves as a powerful metaphor for the deep emotional and cultural ties that individuals have with their native country1.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.
By using the cradle as a symbol, Uzbekistan celebrates and honors the significance of the native country in shaping the lives, values, and aspirations of its people. It embodies the idea of a nurturing and protective native country that provides a sense of identity, belonging, and cultural heritage to its citizens. Several poets and writers have emphasized the term "Vatan" to reflect the cultural identity, unity, and pride of the Uzbek people. Even "O'zbekiston" (Uzbekistan) - the patriotic song, composed by Abdullah Oripov, is a widely recognized anthem that celebrates the beauty, unity, and cultural richness of Uzbekistan. It expresses deep love and devotion to the Native country and has become an iconic symbol of national pride as well as the term "Uzbekistan" is represented with such words as 'serquyosh',
1 Аскольдов, С. А. Концепт и слово / С. А. Аскольдов // Русская словесность. От теории словес-ностик структуре текста. Антология. - М.: Academia, 1997. - С. 267.
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'bag'rikeng', 'baxt','najot', 'mehribon'. "Vatan" (Native country) by Hamid Olimjon, the famous Uzbek poet, pays homage to the love and attachment to the Uzbek land. It vividly describes the natural landscapes, historical landmarks, and the strength of the Uzbek people, emphasizing the significance of Vatan (native country) in shaping their identity.
The term "Native country" in the English language has a rich historical and literary background. It draws upon the imagery of a nurturing and protective mother, symbolizing the native country as a source of comfort, identity, and belonging. In the context of English history, the idea of the Native country gained prominence during times of war and conflict when individuals rallied behind their country. It became a powerful symbol of unity and loyalty to one's country, emphasizing the emotional and cultural ties individuals have with their place of origin and national pride. For example, during World War II, the notion of the Native country played a significant role in inspiring and motivating people to defend their native country against external threats.
"Native country" is often used interchangeably with other similar terms like "native country" or "native land" in the English language. While there might be subtle distinctions between these terms, they all convey a deep emotional connection to one's country of origin. So, Native country has its roots in Old English and Middle English. The Old English term "moorland" referred to the land of one's mother or ancestral native country. It represented a connection to one's familial and cultural heritage. It evokes a sense of belonging, an identity often used to inspire loyalty, unity, and a sense of duty toward one's country, particularly during times of war or political upheaval2.
In different cultural and linguistic contexts, similar notions are expressed using different terms. For example, in the United States, the term "Native country" is often replaced with "Native country" to denote the same concept of a person's native country or place of origin. Furthermore, the concept of Native country has been widely explored in literature, poetry, music, and visual arts. It is often used as a metaphor to evoke strong emotions, nostalgia, and a sense of rootedness in cultural and national identity. It is important to note that the concept "Native country" reflects a gendered perspective, associating the native country with the nurturing qualities often attributed to motherhood. In a more inclusive and gender-neutral context, terms like "Native country" or "Native Land" are preferred. The concept Native country in the English language reflects the deep emotional and cultural ties which individuals have with their native country. It emphasizes the sense of belonging, identity, and
2 Шведова Н.Ю. Избранные работы. - М., 2005. - C.185.
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loyalty to one's country, and it continues to be a powerful concept in literature, art, and patriotic discourse.The concept Native country has been extensively explored in English literature, poetry, and patriotic speeches. For example: "Land of Hope and Glory" by A.C. Benson: This patriotic song, often associated with British identity, celebrates the beauty and greatness of England as the "Native country of the free". "Rule, Britannia!" by James Thomson exalts Britain as the "Mistress of the Seas" and praises enthusiastically the virtues of the British Empire, portraying it as the Native country. "I Vow to Thee, My Country" by Sir Cecil Spring Rice: The poem expresses a solemn pledge of loyalty to one's country, describing it as the "heavenly" or "soul's" country, thereby invoking the idea of the Native country. "The Soldier" by Rupert Brooke reflects on the sacrifice of soldiers and their eternal connection to England, referring to it as their "Native country" that nurtured and shaped them3.
"My Country" by Dorothea Mackellar passionately describes the author's love for her native country, expressing a deep connection to the Australian landscape and referring to it as her "Native country". "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" by W.B. Yeats conveys a deep longing for a peaceful and idyllic native country, where the speaker wishes to escape to a place of natural beauty and tranquility. "Ode to My Native country" by Thomas Pringle expresses the poet's love and devotion to his native country, South Africa, highlighting its natural beauty and his attachment to its landscapes, rivers, and people. "The Old Country" by Vernon Scannell reflects on the nostalgia and yearning for the poet's "old country", portraying it as a place of childhood memories and a deep emotional connection. When it comes to emphasize the similarities of the term "Native country" in both Uzbek and English languages, this notion indicates a sense of cultural and traditional identity, belonging, strong emotional duty towards country, as well as many poets and writers express their strong passion, loyalty, breathtaking beauty, eternal connection to their native country, unforgettable childhood in their literary works and poems4.
The word 'cradle' is given as a symbol of "Native country", and we call our country "Vatan" or "Ona zamin", "Ona makon" in the Uzbek language. The English describe their country as a "Native country" or "Native land". In summary, the notion of the Native country or Vatan holds great cultural and historical significance in both the English and Uzbek cultures. It represents a deep emotional attachment to one's native country, evoking feelings of love, loyalty, and pride. Whether expressed as "Native country" or "Vatan", the concept embodies the sense of belonging and
3 Аскольдов, С. А. Концепт и слово / С. А. Аскольдов // Русская словесность. От теории словес-ностик структуре текста. Антология. - М.: Academia, 1997. - С. 280.
4 Шведова Н.Ю. Избранные работы. - М., 2005. - C.79.
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identity that individuals have with their native country, forming an integral part of their cultural heritage. Native country is a very broad concept, there are many ways to define and praise it tools can be used. Learning approaches to the Native country aphorisms, which are one of such important tools in the process, that is, mainly found by philosophers, sages, famous historical figures at a certain time. It is also important to have a collection of phrases that help to understand the truth becomes important. Aphorisms have one feature, they are repeated over time will be polished and its value will increase. Here is the first president of our country "Of course, the world is wide, there are many countries in the world, but our native country, Uzbekistan, is unique in this world" the only one. This is a beautiful land, this holy land is called to us proves how dear the native country is to us. Our great enlightened grandfather Abdulla Avloniy said about the Native country: "Each the city and country where a person was born and raised called his Native country. Even animals have this sense of native country. If he loses his native country, he will not live as comfortably as he did in his native country, his life will be miserable. his tongue is in pain all the time. English writer Voltaire "Native country is a place where the soul is a prisoner" says. And Montesque said, "It is up to fathers to raise children with love for the Native country". "There should be love for the country", he says. By the way, every nation has its own greats. The human race cannot object to these statements. Vice versa, such aphorisms, which have become masterpieces of the cultural heritage of humanity everyone appreciates the same. As Gelvesiy said, "Love for the native country is for the whole world5.
It is no secret that aphorisms are loved and studied in all nations and any nation aphorisms that exist in spiritual life are usually also by other people willingly studied. One of the great poets of the 20th century, a child of Dagestan Let's listen to the thought of Rasul Gamzatov, which has become an aphorism. "If someone guarantees me that one day the Avar language will disappear, I am today I am ready to die. How else is love and loyalty to the native country, to one's own language can be defined. This kind of hotness makes the reader's body tremble. You don't always come across sincere thoughts from the bottom of the heart. Below are the words of the world's wise men about the Native country and the place in people's hearts you can get acquainted with the aphorisms. - If you find a person, don't say it is a person, I don't have one; the grief of the people. (Alisher Navoi)
- The country is like the love of two lovers, it has a place in the depths of the heart. (Murod Khidir)
5 Степанов, Ю. С. Константы: Словарь русской культуры / Ю. С. Степанов. - М.: Академический проект, 2004. - С.
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- One of the qualities of a perfect person is loyalty to the Native country. (Abu Lays Samarkandi) Self-sacrificing people are those who rush to protect the Native country when it is threatened. (A.N. Farabi) CONCLUSION.
Native country has its core as the original building block for the verb to be born, the nouns parents and relatives, the adjective native, and the concept of one's own, something integral to oneself. Native country touches a point of fondest emotion in both children and adults. We call our country native country because we were born in her, because in her our native languageis spoken, and everything inher is for, our own. It is important to notice that the concept "Native country" holds specific place in the worldview of English and Uzbek peoples. Affection and love for the parental home to family and friends, to the inner circle is always essentially witness in both nations every field especially in their life style, art, literature.
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