- 0имомогинеские nayKU -
THE CONCEPT AS A BASIC UNIT OF THE COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS
F.R. Batyrshina, Senior Lecturer A.N. Shamuratova, Senior Lecturer Osh State University (Kyrgyzstan, Osh)
DOI:10.24412/2500-1000-2024-10-1-182-184
Abstract. This article is a discussion of the basics of cognitive linguistics. It also deals with concept and conceptualization as the main task of cognitive linguistics. The authors show some features of the concept and shows its peculiarities. Lexical meanings are closely related to concepts. The article also describes the structure and components of a concept.
Keywords: concept, language, cognitive, cognition, meaning, consciousness, linguitic research.
In recent years, scientists have been working hard to analyze how human beings think and communicate linguistically. Cognitive approach is based on the categorization and conceptualization of the problems of language and thought, the relationship between the meanings of words, the formation of different structures of knowledge, and the identification of the ways in which these structures manifest themselves in language.
Cognitive science is the science of knowledge and thought, the results of studying, understanding and perception of existence and its objective laws. Cognitive Science also includes studying the processes of building, processing, storing, and Cognitive science also includes the study of the processes of knowledge structure, processing, storing, using, organizing, and collecting various information, including the study of the formation of these structures in the human brain. Cognitive linguistics is concerned with studying language. This science studies language as "a means for the formation and expression of thought in the human mind, the storage and organization of knowledge" [1]. To put it differently, the main goal of cognitive linguistics is to enter into the various structures of knowledge through the study of language and to explain language and the relationships among them. Cognitive science is the study of the general principles of mental activity in the human brain, its operation, and how we think of cognitive process, categorizing, classifying, how knowledge accumulates, and the system of activity associated with information.
In modern linguistics, anthropocentrism appears in the concrete manifestations of various
private forms and in the study of a broad range of linguistic phenomena reflected in the linguistic consciousness of the speaker. In cognitive linguistics, the activity of human speech is related to the following:
- Speech and Spirituality;
- Speech and Thought;
- Speech and Consciousness;
- Speech and Culture;
- Speech and Communication;
- Speech and Dignity [2].
Increased attention to humanity, personality, and linguistic relations is paving way for formation of new concepts and categories of cognitive linguistics, understanding of real facts, causes of events, and their linguistic analysis.
The basic terms of cognitive linguistics are: mind (or intelligence), knowledge, concept, concept system, cognition, linguistic world view, cognitive base, mental representations, cognitive model, categorizing, verbalizing, mentality, cultural constants, term, world picture, concepto-sphere, national cultural space, and so on. They all relate to the cognitive activities of human beings, that is, the processes of information processing and knowledge acquisition.
In modern cognitive linguistics, the term "concept" emerges as a central concept. It is used in particular by those working on the problems of representing cognition in language. In the broadest sense, a term can be seen as a "lump of culture" in human consciousness, something with the help of which culture enters the mental world of a human being. Concepts, on the other hand, are the means by which people enter into, and sometimes affect, culture [3].
- Филологические науки -
There are a large number of definitions of the concept. Generalizing the definition of concept, it can be said that concept is a separate mental formation that is the basic unit of man's intellectual code. This code is distinguished by its internal structure. It results from cognitive activity of man and society and contains complex and encyclopedic information on subjects and phenomena, as well as social attitudes towards them.There is a reciprocal relationship between language and mind in the complexity of concept. Mental categories are represented by linguistic categories and are at the same time determined by them; in other words, culture is the determiner of concept. The concept has a high degree of abstraction which is a priori determined by its dual nature as an idealized mental image. In this way, the term takes in everything from the "mental world" and reflects this in the sense. But the concept is also a phenomenon of culture; it gathers its inheritance: the original form (etymology), axiological assessment, associations, abstractions, mental iso-glosses. This dual nature of the concept points to the difficulty of agreeing on the number of semantic parameters that can be elaborated to study it.
Words are a primary way to approach conceptual knowledge. The word makes the concept known, makes it active, and makes us think. Lexical meanings have a close relationship with concepts. In fact they are sometimes identified with concepts. But the concept is a purely logical category, while the meaning is a linguistic category. In the field of linguistics it is necessary to consider the meaning as the representation of a concept by one of its properties. The concept, as it is well known, is a versatile concept; it is characterized by a number of properties. The meaning takes one of these properties and makes it the representation of the concept as a whole. Thus, meaning related to concept becomes, as it were, a kind of metonymy.
The same concept may have several linguistic manifestations; however, each of these manifestations modifies the concept slightly (and sometimes significantly), i.e., reveals hidden or unknown properties of the concept.
It is especially important, since it affects both the determination of the subject of cognitive linguistics and the development of methods for analyzing the semantics of language, to reveal the
relationship between the concept and the meaning of the word.
First of all, the concept and the meaning of words are similar. The objective and subjective reality is reflected by the human mind located in the brain. Both objective and subjective reality are reflected in the concept and meaning. They are cognitive in nature and represent the result of human mind reflecting and cognizing reality. That is, the content of the concept reflects certain aspects of the real phenomena, just as the meaning of the concept reflects certain aspects of the real phenomena.
On the other hand, they do tend to differ from each other. The meaning and the concept are the products of the different levels of human consciousness. We can contrast the concepts and meanings as mental units that belong to the cognitive consciousness of human beings and the linguistic consciousness of human beings. The concept is a product of the cognitive consciousness of a human being, while the meaning is a product of the linguistic consciousness [4].
Meaning associated with the concept appears as a part of its content which is relevant to that linguistic-cultural community. The components of lexical meaning reflect only important conceptual features, but not all of them, many cognitive linguists agree. Conceptual structure is much more complicated and diverse than the lexical meaning of words. Meaning is always only a part of the semantic content of a concept, although it conveys certain cognitive features and components that make up the concept. Many lexical items as well as experimental studies are needed to complement the results of linguistic analysis in order to explain the content of the concept. Thus, meaning and concept, as communicatively relevant parts and as a mental whole, are in relation to each other.
Concept is characterized as follows:
1) concept is the minimal unit of human experience in the ideal imagination that is verbalized using the word;
2) concept is marked by the field structure;
3) concept is the basic entity for processing, storing and transmitting knowledge;
4) the concept has the mobile limits and the concrete functions;
5) the concept is social, its associative field is the cause of its pragmatics;
6) concept is a major cultural cellular [5].
- Филологические науки -
Concepts can be divided into group concepts and individual concepts, abstract concepts and concrete concepts. Because these types of concepts require different methods of analysis and description, these classifications are relevant for linguistic-cognitive research. For a limited number of people some concepts are typical. They are group concepts. They have no application to the nation as a whole. In the communicative aspect, they may also be irrelevant.
The structure of concept is the basic structural components of concept formation, which have different characteristics. Sensual image, information content, and interpretation field are these structural components. The sum of cognitive features related to each of these structural compo-
nents of concept is usually described as the structure of concept. The image can be an individual one, so that here we can speak about the individual conceptual sphere of an individual person. But if the sensory image is a group image, this image can be studied as the fact of the conceptual sphere of the particular group (ethnic, religious, cultural, and so on).
Studying concept is the main task of cognitive linguistics. Realization of the fact of existence of closely related concepts and terms results from every attempt to realize the nature of concept. The concept is the intellectual category, which can not be recognized by visual means. This fact causes the existence of a broad area for interpretation of concept.
References
1. Zulpukarov K. K. On the subject of linguoparemiology: a collection of scientific works of the Russian philology fact. Osh State University // Osh: DiPolygraphy. - 2011. - № 3. - C. 3-12.
2. Popova Z D. Cognitive linguistics. - M.: AST, 2007.
3. Kravchenko A.V. Cognitive linguistics today: integration processes and the problem of the method // Questions of cognitive linguistics. -Tambov, 2004. - P. 37.
4. Collins Cobuild English Dictionary. - London: Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, 1995. - 59 p.
5. Anderson, C. Essentials of Linguistics, 2nd edition (v. 2.2 - February 2023), McMaster University.
КОНЦЕПТ КАК БАЗОВАЯ ЕДИНИЦА КОГНИТИВНОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИКИ
Ф.Р. Батыршина, старший преподаватель А.Н. Шамуратова, старший преподаватель Ошский государственный университет (Кыргызстан, г. Ош)
Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются основы когнитивной лингвистики. В ней также рассматривается концепт и концептуализация как основная задача когнитивной лингвистики. Авторы показывают некоторые особенности концепта и раскрывают его специфику. Лексические значения тесно связаны с концептами. В статье также описывается структура и компоненты концепта.
Ключевые слова: концепт, язык, когниция, познание, значение, сознание, лингвистическое исследование.